Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a phase I study of CI-898 (trimetrexate), a new diaminoquinazoline antifolate in 22 patients with solid cancer in a multicenter collaborative study. The dosage schedule was single-dose intravenous administration (single treatment), followed by one or two courses of 5-day intravenous administration (5-day treatment) at 3-week intervals. Starting at 2 mg/m2 (1 n), the dose was increased up to 15 mg/m2 (7.5 n) for single treatment and 12 mg/m2 (6 n) for 5-day treatment. Evaluable cases numbered 18 for single treatment and 17 for 5-day treatment. In single treatment, the highest dose of 15 mg/m2 caused no serious side effect and did not reach the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In 5-day treatment, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were found dose dependently, the dose-limiting factor was bone marrow depression, and MTD was 10 mg/m2/day. The leukocyte and platelet counts reached the nadir in 1-3 weeks after initiation of 5-day treatment. The recovery from the nadir required about one week. Subjective side effects included mucitis (mouth, anus), malaise and gastro-intestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia, diarrhea). None of alopecia, cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were found. In the present phase I study, a tendency of tumor reduction was found in one case each of breast cancer (adenoma) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). The plasma concentration of the unchanged compound after single treatment showed a biphasic elimination pattern (t1/2 alpha 0.8-1.4 hr, t1/2 beta 9.4-13.0hr). The urinary excretion of the unchanged compound was 14.7-23.5% of the administered dose. In 5-day treatment, no accumulation was found. From the results of the present study, the recommended dosage of CI-898 in the early phase II study was considered to be 8 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days (every 3-4 weeks).
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PMID:[Phase I study of CI-898. CI-898 Study Group]. 183 40

The internist is frequently faced with patients affected by depression. The incorporation of psychiatry to general hospitals allowed physicians to become aware of many forms of depression, among them masked depression. The term is usually applied to patients whose depression is hidden behind somatic symptoms. Outstanding among them are common symptoms such as diarrhea, headache, palpitation, abdominal pain, etc; acute or chronic systemic diseases which are accompanied or followed by depression; depressive symptoms appearing for the first time in older patients or depression secondary to the use of drugs including alcohol. An active search for depressive symptoms is required from the physician if masked depression is not to go unnoticed.
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PMID:[Masked depression: medical face of psychic depression]. 184 28

The life cycle of a species of murine Eimeria, isolated from a commercial source of mice is described using experimental infections. A pure strain was established starting from a single oocyst administered to Eimeria-free Swiss white mice. The prepatent period was 6 1/2 to 7 days, and the patent period lasted 6 to 10 days. Oocysts were subspherical or ovoid, with a smooth double-layered colourless membrane. Micropila was absent. The sporulated oocysts measured 15.7-25.1 x 14.1-22.0 microns (X780 = 21.3 x 16.9 microns). One to 4 polar granules were present. The oocyst residuum was absent. Sporocysts were ellipsoid, measured 11.5 x 6.3 microns (n = 780), with Stieda body and a compact subspherical sporocyst residuum. The sporozoites were elongated, 17.7 x 3.2 microns (n = 100), partially curled around each other. The endogenous stages were found only in the large intestine, with at least 4 generations of schizonts. Mature 1st generation schizonts, first seen 24 hr post-infection (HPI) measured 10.3 x 10.6 microns and had 8 to 25 merozoites 5.0-10.0 x 1.0-3.0 microns. Mature 2nd generation schizonts were first seen 48 HPI, measured 14.4 x 8.1 microns and had 8 to 20 merozoites 11.0-16.0 x 2.0-3.0 microns. Two forms of presumably 3rd generation schizonts appeared between 72 and 96 HPI: one measuring 13.9 x 8.5 microns, containing large merozoites (17.0-19.0 x 2.0-4.0 microns) and the other measuring 7.3 x 10.4 microns, where 6 to 10 merozoites (8.0-13.0 x 1.0-3.0 microns) were found. Fourth generation schizonts measuring 10.4 x 11.9 microns, with 26 a 48 or more merozoites (8.0-13.0 x 2.0-3.0 microns) were first seen at 132 HPI. Mature macro and microgamonts were first observed at 144 HPI. The sporulation of 72.0% of the oocysts in 2.0% (w/v) potassium dichromate at 23-24 degrees C occurred in 9 days. Usually the infected mice showed depression, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea or dysentery, and dehydration. The clinical picture w as more pronounced at 6 to 10 days post-infection (DPI). Mortality was highest between the 8th and 13th DPI, with a peak at 9 DPI in groups which received 1.1 x 10(4) to 4.4 x 10(4) oocysts. Groups infected with 5.5 x 10(3), 8.8 x 10(4) or 1.76 x 10(5) oocysts showed different results. Epithelial destruction, edema, inflammation, necrotizing enteritis followed by glandular regeneration and realing were observed restricted to the large intestine. The isolated Eimeria was named E. falciformis var. pragensis based on its morphobiological characteristics.
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PMID:[Morphobiology and pathogenicity of Eimeria falciformis var. pragensis Cerna, Seraud, Mehlhorn & Scholtyseck, 1974 in mouse (Mus musculus)]. 184 3

The results of medical examinations carried out on 212 missionary personnel from one missionary society returning on leave to the UK are presented. The great majority of missionaries worked in developing countries. They served in 27 countries altogether and for a total of 488 person years. The commonest illnesses reported overseas were malaria (87.3 per 1000 person years at risk), diarrhoea (63.5), anxiety (63.5), depression (41.0) and giardiasis (38.9). More illnesses were reported from West Africa (698 per 1000 person years at risk) than from any other region. Ten people (4.7%) were repatriated for health reasons and 10 relatives also returned as a consequence. Sixty per cent of those returning did so because of psychiatric illness. The highest rates of immunization achieved were for yellow fever (100% of those travelling to affected countries), tetanus (93%), polio (85%), typhoid (71%) and tuberculosis (53%). The results of urinalysis (100% of adults), full blood counts (78% of adults) and stool tests (74% of all people) are reported. The study shows that the history and psychiatric examination are an important part of the medical examination of people returning from overseas. Physical examination and urinalysis did not contribute much information, although the full blood count and absolute eosinophil count were useful tests.
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PMID:A survey of the health of British missionaries. 185 37

The efficacy and safety of bepridil hydrochloride (200 to 400 mg/day) were evaluated in patients with chronic stable angina refractory to maximal tolerated doses of diltiazem (median 360 mg/day) in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel study. Baseline diltiazem data were obtained during a 2-week period, after which 86 patients were randomized to bepridil (n = 46) or diltiazem (n = 40). Angina frequency, nitroglycerin consumption and ischemic manifestations induced by exercise treadmill testing were evaluated over 8 weeks. Bepridil significantly (p less than 0.05) increased time to angina onset, time to 1 and 2 mm of ST-segment depression, total exercise time and total work over baseline values. Changes in time to angina onset and time to 1 mm of ST-segment depression were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater for bepridil than for diltiazem. Angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption did not differ significantly between groups. Compared with baseline, bepridil significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased heart rate (mean 4 beats/min) and prolonged QTc (mean 35 ms). The most frequent adverse effects in both groups were nausea, asthenia, dizziness, headache and diarrhea. Four patients taking bepridil and 1 taking diltiazem withdrew from the study because of adverse reactions. No sudden deaths, myocardial infarctions or instances of sustained ventricular tachycardia or torsades de pointes occurred in either group. The data indicate that bepridil provided safe and effective antianginal and antiischemic therapy in patients with chronic stable angina who exhibited less than optimal response to maximal tolerated doses of diltiazem.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and safety of bepridil and diltiazem in chronic stable angina pectoris refractory to diltiazem. The Bepridil Collaborative Study Group. 185 72

The present study sought to relate the well-being of night workers to that of the working population in general. One hundred and ninety-seven male permanent night security guards were interviewed with regard to the occurrence of various symptoms during the previous 12-month period. The results were compared with the results from similar interviews with a representative national sample of males (n = 1769) in the Swedish workforce. An age standardized morbidity ratio was computed with control for various background variables. The results showed that the security guards had a 2-3 times higher occurrence of sleep disturbances and fatigue than the national sample. Among the variables not differing from the national sample were gastrointestinal problems, headache, nervous problems, depression, nausea, diarrhoea, and haemorrhoids. It was concluded that sleep/wake disturbances are considerably more usual in permanent night security guards than in the working population as a whole.
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PMID:Self-reported health and well-being amongst night security guards: a comparison with the working population. 188 8

Dehydration, in childhood as in adulthood, may origin from an inadequate water ingestion or an excessive water elimination. Causes may be found in fever, vomiting, scalds, pulmonary hyperventilation, diabetes. Water loss during acute diarrhea in children can be even 6-7 times higher in comparison with an healthy child. Together with water, electrolytes are lost. We differentiate dehydration in isonatremic d. (70% of cases), hyponatremic d. (10%) and hypernatremic d. (20%) basing on Sodium loss. Important dehydration causes severe clinical symptoms as shock, renal and cardiocirculatory failure, convulsion, coma. Symptoms at the central nervous system level derivate both from hyperosmolarity in brain cells and from thrombosis or hemorrhages in subdural sites. Dehydration, following acute diarrhea, is slight when weight loss is lower than 5%. The child health conditions still remain good. Dehydration become moderate if weight loss reaches 5% and the child starts suffering. When the weight loss reaches 10%, dehydration is now severe and circulatory deficiency becomes evident. When it is higher than 10%, prognosis is very severe and shock and coma may be observed. In the present work, we illustrate the different ways of rehydration after acute diarrhea. Initially, oral rehydration must be established with one of the oral solutions, differing each other for amount of electrolytes and glucose. Recently, a new solution, "supersolution", has been presented differing from the other ones for electrolytes concentration and for the presence of rice starch instead of glucose. In most cases of diarrhea, oral rehydration appears adequate but sometimes an intravenous rehydration becomes necessary, e.g. in case of vomiting, CNS depression and in any case of severe gastroenteric symptomatology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Dehydrated child]. 189 82

An outbreak of salmonellosis in foals occurred on a large Thoroughbred farm in California. Only foals less than 8 days of age exhibited clinical signs, which included depression, anorexia, and diarrhea. Three foals died from septicemia. The agent responsible was Salmonella ohio, which is rarely involved in salmonellosis in horses. During the course of the outbreak, S. ohio was isolated from 27 of 97 mares (27.8%) and 34 of 97 foals (35.1%). Mares were the presumed source of infection for foals. The absence of clinical signs in mares allowed for increased exposure of foals through environmental contamination. Although foals continued to become infected after strict control measures were adopted, none became ill. Salmonella serotypes of seemingly low virulence can produce serious disease outbreaks.
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PMID:An outbreak of equine neonatal salmonellosis. 191 93

Sertraline hydrochloride is a new naphthylamino compound that specifically blocks neuronal reuptake of serotonin. It is currently available in the United Kingdom and under review in the US. Sertraline follows first-order kinetics, with a plasma elimination half-life of 24-26 hours. It is highly bound to plasma proteins and has a large volume of distribution. Multicenter studies conducted by the manufacturer have shown sertraline to be efficacious in the treatment of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The daily dose will range from 50 to 200 mg/d for the treatment of depression. The adverse-effect profile differs greatly from the tricyclic antidepressants, but is similar to that of fluoxetine. The most prominent adverse effects are gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea/loose stools, dyspepsia).
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PMID:Sertraline: a new specific serotonin reuptake blocker. 194 75

1. The authors review the literature describing acute symptomatology produced by the gradual or abrupt withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and neuroleptics. 2. Withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic agents causes similar symptomatology. Symptoms produced by the discontinuation of these drugs include nausea, emesis, anorexia, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, myalgias, paresthesias, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. 3. Psychotic relapse is often presaged by anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. Prodromal symptoms are distinguished from the effects of neuroleptic withdrawal by a temporal relationship of the latter to reductions in the dosage or discontinuation of antipsychotic agents. 4. Withdrawal of MAOIs can result in severe anxiety, agitation, pressured speech, sleeplessness or drowsiness, hallucinations, delirium, and paranoid psychosis. 5. MAOI withdrawal phenomena resemble the symptoms produced by the discontinuation of chronically administered psychostimulants. 6. The capacity of MAOIs to exert amphetamine-like effects presynaptically and the propensity of somatic treatments for depression to subsensitize presynaptic receptors regulating the release of catecholamines provide a basis for the development of psychotic symptoms upon the withdrawal of MAOI. Evidence for this hypothesis is reviewed.
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PMID:Heterocyclic antidepressant, monoamine oxidase inhibitor and neuroleptic withdrawal phenomena. 196 71


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