Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia outside of intensive care units remains controversial. In this report our anesthesiology-based acute pain service documents experience with 1,106 consecutive postoperative patients treated with epidural morphine on regular surgical wards. This experience involved 4,343 total patient days of care and 11,089 individual epidural morphine injections. On a 0-10 verbal analog scale, patient-reported median pain scores at rest and with coughing or ambulation were 1 (inter-quartile range 3) and 4 (interquartile range 4), respectively. The incidence of side effects requiring medication were as follows: pruritus 24%, nausea 29%, and respiratory depression 0.2%. There were no deaths, neurologic injuries, or infections associated with the technique. Migration of epidural catheters into the subarachnoid space and into epidural veins each occurred twice. Overall, 1,051 of the 1,106 patients (95%) experienced none of the following problems: catheter obstruction, premature dislodgement, painful injections, catheter migration, infection, or respiratory depression. We conclude that postoperative pain can be safely and effectively treated with epidural morphine on surgical wards.
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PMID:Postoperative epidural morphine is safe on surgical wards. 172 29

Quality of life of 79 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and survived more than one year was evaluated by a questionnaire method. About 90% of patients had a good appetite, taking ordinary solid foods, and 69% were satisfied with the daily amount of foods. About 40% of patients complained of passage disturbance on swallowing, abdominal pain or diarrhea after meal. Fifty seven per cent of patients had frequent episodes of cough and sputum, and 20% were not able to go up the stairs to the third floor because of short breath. Thirty two per cent of patients with recurrent nerve paresis and even 5% without paresis had a trouble in daily conversation. These physical distresses were thought to be useful indicators for the doctor to evaluate the quality of life of patients. Additionally, about 30% of patients had a tendency of mental depression postoperatively. Fifty six per cent of patients who had worked before operation returned to work or were doing a lighter work than before. The psychological factor and social rehabilitation were suggested to be very important, when evaluated from the patient's side. Especially in case of aggressive surgery for esophageal cancer, postoperative quality of life of patients should be carefully considered from the viewpoints of both the patient and doctor.
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PMID:[Quality of life of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer]. 205 79

In this study the prognostic significance of a set of quality of life measures was tested with regard to mortality regardless of its cause, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality and mortality from other causes. From the population register of Gothenburg, Sweden, a sample was drawn consisting of one third of all 60-year-old men. The 945 men who met the criteria were invited to a medical examination. Information on the occurrence of 30 symptoms and 15 measures of well-being was obtained by questionnaire. Mortality data were obtained through official registers, death certificates and medical records. Of the symptoms at 60, breathlessness, cough, depression, bad appetite and feeling cold, all were significantly related to mortality during 15 years of follow-up. Of the well-being variables, the same was true of perceived health, physical fitness and appetite. This means that the quality of life has a strong bearing not only on the present life situation for these men but also for their future health.
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PMID:Is quality of life affecting survival? The study of men born in 1913. 210 Mar 66

50 non-premedicated ASA class I or II patients were allocated randomly into two groups and received either a variable infusion of propofol or midazolam for sedation during orthopaedic surgery with regional blockade. To achieve a well-sedated patient with eyes closed and able to follow commands, the dose requirements for propofol were 1.25 mg/kg +/- 0.5 as a loading dose followed by a mean infusion rate of 3.17 mg kg-1 h-1 +/- 1.4 and for midazolam 0.073 mg/kg +/-0.02 and 0.074 mg kg-1 h-1 +/- 0.14. Steady-state plasma concentrations of propofol averaged 1.23 micrograms/kg +/- 0.75 and of midazolam 134 ng/ml +/- 62. Recovery was significantly shorter for propofol: 3.42 +/- 2.5 versus 8.05 min +/6.2 for midazolam. Perioperative cooperation was similar in both groups providing good or excellent conditions in 76% with propofol and in 52% with midazolam. 2h after discontinuation of the infusion 92% of the propofol patients were alert, while 36% of the midazolam were sleeping again. Cardiovascular effects of both drugs were minimal; however significant respiratory depression and/or airway obstruction developed in both groups (propofol 48%, midazolam 52%) requiring therapeutic intervention. Additional undesirable effects were: severe cough (propofol 40%, midazolam 20%), inadvertent movements (propofol 36%, midazolam 24%), confusion (propofol 24%, midazolam 20%), euphoria (propofol 44%), pain on injection (propofol 32%). The results of the study indicate that both drugs are useful and controllable sedative agents for surgery under regional anaesthesia, provided that measures for continuous monitoring of respiration and emergency care are guaranteed.
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PMID:[Propofol infusion for sedation in regional anesthesia. A comparison with midazolam]. 220 73

The diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis is generally difficult, and it is made clinically by Tamura's criteria. We experienced 12 cases (7 definite and 5 possible cases) of antimicrobial drug-induced pneumonitis (one of case was the first case caused by carbapenem). Symptoms such as fever (11/12), cough (10/12) and dyspnea (10/12) and laboratory data such as eosinophilia (7/12), elevation of IgE (4/6) and hypoxia (11/12) were commonly seen in these patients, although they were not specific. Lymphocyte stimulation test (5/11) and provocation test (4/8) were quite suggestive of drug allergy. Bronchoscopy has been used for confirmation of pneumonitis. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis (4/9) or alveolar fibrosis (3/9), and bronchoalveolar lavage showed lymphocytosis (6/6) and depression of OKT4/T8 ratio (3/5). The combination of bronchoscopic and immunological examinations were more confirmative for diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of 12 cases of antimicrobial drug-induced pneumonitis. 227 3

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is a newly recognized illness characterized by intense eosinophilia, debilitating myalgia, and absence of any condition that could account for the eosinophilia or myalgia. The disorder has previously been associated with ingestion of capsules containing the amino acid L-tryptophan. In 1989, the Wisconsin Division of Health began surveillance for EMS. Each of 25 persons reported with the illness and meeting a standardized case definition were using L-tryptophan when their symptoms began, between June 1989 and January 1990. The median age of the patients was 43 years (range 26-82 years); 92% were female, and 96% were white. The majority of patients reported were using L-tryptophan for insomnia (36%), premenstrual syndrome (28%), or depression (20%). Common signs and symptoms in these cases included cough or dyspnea (60%), arthralgia (44%), edema of the extremities (44%), fever (36%), and rash (32%). Other epidemiologic investigations to date suggest that EMS may be associated with a product contaminant.
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PMID:Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in Wisconsin. 229 89

Symptoms by age and sex were studied in two population studies from Gothenburg, Sweden. In general, men and women showed the same age-related pattern. The prevalence of the following symptoms increased with age--sleeping disturbances, pain in the joints, pain in the legs, breathlessness, and impaired hearing. Six symptoms decreased with age--general fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, cough, and headache. A group of symptoms showed a curvilinear shape with a peak at the age of 50. In general, women presented more symptoms than men. This was especially true for symptoms of depression and tension. A possible explanation is that women are more attentive to their internal state. A more probable explanation, supported by our study, is that the mental symptoms are related to the woman's situation in life with double work (responsible for both work and family).
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PMID:Symptoms by age and sex. The population studies of men and women in Gothenburg, Sweden. 235 75

924 subjects, 542 males and 382 females working in grainstoring, or herb-storing, from different parts of Anhui Province were examined for the possible existence of pulmonary acariasis. 49 cases(5.3%), 31 males and 18 females, were found positive for mites in their sputum. 83.7% of the sufferers aged 16-45. 22 out of the 22 out of the 49 sufferers developed a marked eosinophilia ranging from 4% to 48% and a count of 320-5,050/mm3, whereas X-ray films revealed varied degrees of widening lung hilum shadow with increased and disordered lung markings. In some cases, the chest-film showed a lot of scattered nodular shadows 1-5 mm in diameter in the lung lobes. The symptoms presented were cough, expectoration, depression in the chest, restlessness, low fever, asthma, hemoptysis, etc. 10 species of mites were found in the sputum of the 49 sufferers, i.e. Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putreseltiae, Aleuroglyphus ovatus, Caloglyphus berlesei, C. myoophagus, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Euroglyphus maynei, Tarsonemus granarius, Cheyletus eruditus.
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PMID:[Human pulmonary ascariasis in Anhui Province: an epidemiological survey]. 236 4

The renin-angiotensin system has a wide range of physiological actions, and thus interference with the system has attractive therapeutic potential. The orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have so far been the most successful drugs in this area. They lower arterial pressure both in renovascular and essential hypertension, and their effects are enhanced by concomitant diuretic therapy or dietary salt restriction. Since, in renovascular hypertension, the affected kidney depends on enhanced local generation of angiotensin II to help preserve its function, the circulation and excretory capacity of this kidney may be compromised with ACE inhibition. ACE inhibitors can improve exercise tolerance and diminish cardiac ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure. Because these drugs lower plasma aldosterone, they tend to correct potassium deficiency and hypokalemia, which may have been induced by diuretic treatment. Hypotension can occur with the first dose of ACE inhibitor, especially in sodium-depleted subjects; in patients on prior antihypertensive therapy, particularly if this includes a diuretic; and in the elderly. Not all of the actions of ACE inhibitors are necessarily due to lowering of plasma angiotensin II: accumulation of kinins may be responsible for some of the effects and side effects. Common to all ACE inhibitors are occasional rashes, cough, and, more rarely, angioedema. Apparently peculiar to captopril, and less often seen with the lower doses now employed, are taste disturbance, proteinuria, and marrow depression. ACE inhibitors, should not be used in pregnant women.
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PMID:Converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension. 248 62

In order to determine the possible involvement of GABA-ergic mechanisms in the modulation of the cough reflex, the effects of GABA antagonists on the pentobarbital-induced depression of respiration and cough were examined in a comparative study in rats. The cough reflex was induced by application of electrical stimulation to the tracheal mucosa by the puncture electrode-induced cough method. The 50% antitussive dose (AtD50) of pentobarbital was calculated by the "up and down" method. Pentobarbital (10 mg/kg, IP) caused a reduction of tidal volume, which was counteracted by pretreatment with picrotoxin (3 mg/kg, IP) or bicuculline (3 mg/kg, IP). However, neither picrotoxin nor bicuculline were able to counteract the reduction in frequency of respiration. The AtD50 of pentobarbital was 1.95 mg/kg when administered IP. The AtD50 of pentobarbital was not altered after pretreatment of rats with picrotoxin (1.85 mg/kg, IP) or with bicuculline (1.55 mg/kg). These results suggest that GABA-ergic mechanisms may not be involved in the cough-depressant effect of pentobarbital.
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PMID:Effects of GABA antagonists on the pentobarbital-induced depression of respiration and cough in rats. 254 92


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