Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies on acute toxicities of pepleomycin sulfate were carried out in both sexes of mice and rats, comparing with bleomycin, and male dogs. Pepleomycin was administered subcutaneously, intravenously and intraperitoneally in both sexes of mice and rats, and intravenously in male dogs respectively. Mice and rats, and intravenously in male dogs respectively. Mice and rats were observed respectively for 10 and 14 days after the administration. LD50 values were calculated by the method of Litchifield & Wilcoxon. LD50 values of pepleomycin were 4 approximately 6 times smaller than those of bleomycin in all routes of mice, but difference between them was not significant in all routes of rats. Additionally sex-difference of LD50 values was scacely recognized in all routes of both species. Toxicological findings observed in common to all routes of both species were ataxia, depression, tremor and epiphora, and only in all routes of mice, head-twitch, running-round and rolling were especially recognized as toxic behavior, which were not observed in bleomycin. Hepatic and renal lesions were recognized in biochemically and histopathologically in the survived rats. The dogs treated with pepleomycin 50 and 30 mg/kg had the decrease in food intake and the loss of body weight. They became moribund in 9 approximately 36 days after administration. In these dogs the lesions of liver and kidney were severely recognized in biochemical and histopathological findings. One of them which received 50 mg/kg recovered biochemically and histopathologically in 209 days after administration by the supplemental nutrition in early stage.
 ...
PMID:[Toxicological studies on pepleomycin sulfate (NK 631). I. Acute toxicity of pepleomycin in mice, rats and dogs (author's transl)]. 8 4

A total of 23 men complained of neurological symptoms after a single severe exposure to toluene di-isocyanate. Effects of exposure were immediate in five men and consisted of euphoria, ataxia, and loss of consciousness. These men and nine others complained of headache, difficulty in concentration, poor memory, and confusion during the next three weeks. Four years later it was found that nine further men had experienced symptoms that they had not been aware of at three weeks. In all, 13 men still complained of poor memory, personality change, irritability, or depression after four years. Psychometric testing showed a selective defect for relatively long-term recall in those with persistent symptoms at four years.
 ...
PMID:Neurological complications after a single severe exposure to toluene di-isocyanate. 17 62

A large number of reports have been devoted to the physiologic and toxic effects of methyl chloride, many of which are based on case histories involving occupational exposure. The detrimental actions of methyl chloride on the central and peripheral nervous systems are well established effects. It is a moderately severe narcotic and potentially severe nerve poison. Chronic intoxication is associated with damage to the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, liver, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and intestinal tract. The signs and symptoms range from the more severe medical dysfunctions such as cardiac irregularities, respiratory paralysis, nerve degeneration, and severe convulsions to the more subtle clinical observations such as CNS depression, nervousness and emotional instability, insomnia and anorexia, ataxia, blurred vision, light-headedness, nausea, dizziness, narcosis, and disorientation. The behavioral correlates of these and other neurotoxic effects of methyl chloride suggest that a gradual behavioral degradation occurs. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown the compound to be rapidly absorbed by the blood with most authors attributing the toxicity to an enzyme-catalyzed methylation reaction in the body. Despite the fact that several investigators have attempted to correlate such biological responses of methyl chloride with its toxicity, the present knowledge of the problem still lacks a detailed mechanism of action. Until such mechanisms are verified, adequate methods to assess subclinical neurological and behavioral changes must be effectively developed.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral, neurological, and toxic effects of methyl chloride: a review of the literature. 38 67

Mice were placed on an immunization schedule known to result in the production of antibodies directed against a variety of barbiturates (antibody binding capacity = 2.71 pmole 3H-phenobarbital bound/ml undiluted serum). The pharmacologic response to barbiturate in these actively immunized mice and suitably treated controls was investigates using rotarod apparatus for monitoring CNS depression. It was found that the response to pentobarbital in actively immunized mice was decreased, as reflected by an increase in the time the mice remained on the rotarod and a shift of the dose--response curve to the right. The decreased pharmacologic response to pentobarbital was not the result of changes in levels of the hepatic drug metabolism components. Furthermore, the alteration of pharmacologic response in actively immunized mice was selective for barbiturate and did not modify the ataxia produced by administration of another depressant agent, ethanol.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacologic response to pentobarbital in actively immunized mice. 40 75

In 7 years snake bite was diagnosed in 80 dogs. Sporting breeds figured prominently. The average was 3.6 years. The commonest presenting signs were salivation, vomiting, dilated pupils, absence of the pupillary light reflex, depression and generalised muscle weakness, hindlimb ataxia and respiratory distress. Sixty-seven cases (84%) occurred in 6 warmer months on the year. Fifty-one dogs (64%) were seen either to be bitten or in contact with a snake. Tiger and Brown snakes were implicated on 32 and 3 occasions respectively. An overall recovery rate of 87% was obtained for patients receiving antivenene, fluid and support therapy. The period from treatment-to-full recovery was shorter for cases in which the bite-to-treatment period was one hour or less (24 hours) when compared with the recovery time for all cases (36 hours). The prognosis was poor for dogs presenting with the triad of complete flaccid paralysis, dyspnoea and a sub-normal temperature.
 ...
PMID:Snake bite in dogs. 44 66

The effects of several types of vasopressin analogs that are considered to be resistant to some of the physiologically significant enzymatic systems were investigated utilizing rats trained in a passive avoidance task. Enhancement of avoidance latencies was observed 2, 7 and 13 days after the single learning trial when deamino-carbavasopressins, triglycyl-8-lysine-vasopressin or its des-glycinamide derivative, and deamino-D-arginine-vasopressin were given shortly after the learning trial in the dose of 1 microgram s.c. (8-L-Arginine)deamino-6-carba-vasopressin and (8-L-ornithine)deamino-6-carba-vasopressin were also active in the dose of 0.1 microgram. Lysine vasopressin and its des-glycinamide derivative failed to enhance avoidance latencies in part of the experiments if doses of 0.3--3 micrograms were administered and 7 or 13 day intervals were used between the learning and the test trials. Enhancement of avoidance latencies was also observed, if some of the peptides were injected 20 min but not 120 or 180 min before the test trial. Marked depression of exploratory behavior of rats in an open field was found after s.c. injections of low doses (1--3 micrograms kg-1) of deamino-carba-vasopressins. Higher doses (10--30 micrograms kg-1) induced sleep-like immobility not accompanied by ataxia or catalepsy.
 ...
PMID:Vasopressin analogs: sedative properties and passive avoidance behavior in rats. 47 29

Patients from a polydrug abuse treatment program were titrated with either secobarbital or methaqualone, their primary drug of abuse, to a state of mild intoxication, consisting of lateral and vertical nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech, and drownsiness. The mean dose required to produce each sign was compared to that determined in a similarly treated control group. Tolerance to secobarbital was more easily demonstrated than tolerance to methaqualone, and nystagmus was the least sensitive indicator of patient tolerance. The individual signs were also cumulated into a graded rating scale of central nervous system depression which would be related to the dose administered. Tolerence was easily demonstrated at the higher stages of toxicity for secobarbital in the overall patient population, but tolerance to methaqualone was only unequivocal in the subjects indicating a relatively high frequency of abuse. Tolerance to methaqualone occurred at the lower stages of toxicity, suggesting that there is a difference between tolerance to secobarbital and tolerance to methaqualone. There was no indication that patients who also abuse alcohol are more tolerant than their patient counterparts. The patients who also had a history of amphetamine abuse, however, were less tolerant than the nonusers of these drugs.
 ...
PMID:Dose-response studies on tolerance to multiple doses of secobarbital and methaqualone in a polydrug abuse population. 49 34

Ingestion of marijuana by three dogs in unrelated incidents resulted in depression-type toxicosis in each case. The most evident clinical signs were central nervous system depression and ataxia. Emesis and hypothermia were noted in two of the cases. Symptomatic and supportive treatment was accompanied by clinical improvement. In two cases, recovery was slow, with clinical signs apparent for 36 to 48 hours after onset. In the third case, clinical signs were apparent for only 3 hours.
 ...
PMID:Acute oral marijuana poisoning in the dog. 52 54

Signs of a central nervous system disorder were observed following 2 instances of accidental ingestion of glucocorticoid in a young female Doberman Pinscher. The signs included transient aggressive and paranoid behavior, amaurosis, disorientation, ataxia with circling backward, and depression. Vomiting, weight loss, and abnormal drinking behavior persisted for several weeks following recovery from the acute illness.
 ...
PMID:Central nervous system depression associated with glucocorticoid ingestion in a dog. 56 44

Single oral doses of ferbam, thiram, zineb, or maneb produced central nervous system stimulation followed by depression and alopecia. Ferbam and thiram were more toxic on the basis of weight than zineb; maneb was relatively nontoxic. There was no species difference in acute toxicity between rats and mice. In 13- and 80-wk feeding studies, the toxic effects of ferbam and thiram in rats were similar; however, thiram was more toxic on the basis of weight than ferbam. During the 80-wk feeding study, weight gain was reduced in ferbam-treated rats starting at daily doses of 8 mg/kg in males and 37 mg/kg in females and in thiram-treated rats staring at daily doses of 5 mg/kg in males and 26 mg/kg in females. Food consumption was reduced in proportion to the reduced weight gain. Death occurred in males fed 109 or 331 mg/kg.d ferbam and in males fed 58 or 132 mg/kg.d thiram. Female rats fed 96 mg/kg.d ferbam or 67 mg/kg.d thiram developed alopecia and ataxia, which led to paralysis of the hind limbs. Male rats fed ferbam or thiram had a more severe incidence of squamous metaplasia in the thyroid and fatty infiltration in the pancreas than control males. Ferbam or thiram reduced the incidence of spontaneous nephritis in both males and females. The male rats that were fed 109 or 331 mg/kg.d ferbam and died betweeen 1 and 5 wk had golden pigment in the reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen and in the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, associated with hemosiderosis. Moderate tubular degeneration of the testes with atypical spermatids in the epididymis occured in some rats fed 132 mg/kg.d thiram for 13 wk but not in rats fed up to 52 mg/kg.d for 80 wk. Periodic hematologic examination and terminal clinical blood tests did not reveal any severe changes. Ferbam and thiram did not alter the occurrence or latent period of the spontaneous tumors seen in control rats.
 ...
PMID:Oral toxicity of ferric dimethyl-dithiocarbamate (ferbam) and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram) in rodents. 63 15


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>