Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nearly 50% of individuals with type II diabetes mellitus are over the age of 65 years. There are numerous reasons to maintain blood glucose levels below 11.1 nmol/L (200 mg/dl) in older persons, and there are a number of changes often seen with advancing age that persons, and there are a number of changes often seen with advancing age that may interfere with the management of diabetes mellitus, e.g. hypodipsia, anorexia, visual disturbance, altered renal and hepatic function, depression, impaired basoreceptor response and multiple medications. Hyperglycaemia appears to produce cognitive impairment which may lead to poor compliance. It is often difficult to manipulate diet in older people, and in fact dietary changes can lead to severe protein energy malnutrition. High maximum voluntary oxygen intake has been correlated with increased glucose disposal, but there is little evidence that physical exercise can improve diabetic control in the elderly. Oral sulphonylurea hypoglycaemic agents are extremely useful in the treatment of diabetes in these patients, but it should be remembered that they are more liable to develop hypoglycaemia than are younger diabetics. The role of metformin in the management of older diabetic patients is poorly studied. Many older persons can cope well with insulin therapy, but those with visual disturbances often make errors when drawing up insulin and require special attention. Combination therapy of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents is not recommended in this group of patients, and serum fructosamine is preferred to glycated haemoglobin to monitor control. Successful management of elderly diabetic patients thus requires an interdisciplinary team approach.
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PMID:The management of diabetes mellitus in older individuals. 171 59

Relapse continues to be a problem after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies, particularly in recipients of autologous or T-cell-depleted allogeneic grafts and in patients with advanced disease. Interferon (IFN) has shown antiproliferative activity in several malignant hematologic diseases and potentially may be of benefit when administered early after BMT when the number of residual cells is minimal. We tested in a phase I study the maximum tolerated daily dose of recombinant IFN alpha-2b in patients who had received a transplant for a disease at high risk for relapse (acute myeloid leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma beyond first remission, advanced myelodysplastic syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia at any stage, chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated or blast phase. Recombinant IFN alpha-2b was started at a dose of 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2 and escalated by 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2 in groups of three or four patients. The intention was to administer IFN as soon as stable engraftment after BMT was achieved (defined as an absolute neutrophil count of greater than 2.0 x 10(9)/L and platelet count greater than 100 x 10(9)/L for 5 consecutive days) and continued for 2 months. A total of 14 patients were enrolled after autologous (n = 3) or allogeneic (n = 11) BMT. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Significant (grade 2 to 4) neutropenia and thrombocytopenia led to discontinuation or dose reduction in five of eight patients receiving 1.5 x 10(6) or 2 x 10(6) IU/m2 IFN. Mild to moderate (grade 1 or 2) anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue occurred in the majority of patients independent of the IFN dose. De novo acute GVHD responsive to steroid treatment developed in 3 of 11 allograft recipients. Natural killer (NK) cell function was low before IFN treatment and was not improved with the cytokine. Conversely, interleukin-2-activated NK cells showed normal function even before starting IFN and no change was seen during IFN treatment. Clonogenic hematopoietic progenitor studies showed depression of all progenitor lines (colony-forming unit [CFU]-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte, CFU granulocyte-macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid) by IFN at all dose levels except at 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2. Considering this result and the incidence and severity of marrow depression seen at doses greater than 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2, we would consider this the maximum dose safely tolerated if IFN alpha-2b is administered in this setting for a prolonged course on a daily basis.
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PMID:Treatment with recombinant interferon (alpha-2b) early after bone marrow transplantation in patients at high risk for relapse [corrected]. 174 91

Female runners (n = 174) were assessed on their levels of dietary restraint, depression, and binge eating, as well as a number of exercise variables. Thirty-eight (19%) of the women in the sample were found to meet diagnostic criteria for DSM-IIIR Bulimia Nervosa. The level of exercise was unassociated with any of the affective and eating variables as was the risk for meeting diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa. Severity scores for depression in bulimic runners were notably lower than in earlier nonexercising samples. The relationships between the variables were similar to those found in previous research, with dietary restraint, particularly in interaction with depression, predicting the severity of binge eating in both bulimic and nonbulimic runners. These data suggest that bulimia, rather than anorexia, may be the most prevalent eating problem in female runners.
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PMID:Depression, dietary restraint, and binge eating in female runners. 177 45

In the late 1970s, a new infectious disease in horses, involving acute enteritis, was recognised in the Potomac River area of Maryland, U.S.A. The causative agent was identified subsequently as a new species of rickettsial organism, later named Ehrlichia risticii. Since then, the disease has been reported in many other states, and in enzootic areas vaccination is common. Signs associated with the clinical disease included depression, fever, anorexia, decreased or absent intestinal sounds, profuse watery diarrhoea and laminitis. However, considerable variation in clinical manifestations has been reported in both the natural and experimental disease. Accurate diagnosis depends on serological testing; currently, the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) is used widely, although an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed recently. Mortality in untreated cases is 15 to 35 per cent. Antibiotics of the tetracycline series have shown activity against the organism in vitro, in an in vivo murine model and appear to be useful in clinical cases.
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PMID:Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever): a review. 177 55

Intratracheal inoculation of 2-week old quail chicks with Aspergillus flavus spores resulted in the development of clinical signs within 24 h of infection. These were characterized by dullness, depression, anorexia, accelerated breathing, gasping and prostration leading to death. These signs continued up to 7 days followed by considerable decrease in the intensity of the symptoms as well as number of birds showing clinical signs. Mortality occurred primarily in the first week with a majority of the birds dying from 2-4 days after infection. The overall mortality during a 6-week observation period was 25%. The average body weight of the infected chicks was slightly lower than that of controls; the difference being significant at 2, 3 and 42 days post-infection. There was no appreciable difference in the mean values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count between the infected and control chicks at any stage of infection, but total leucocyte count revealed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) from 3-7 days post-infection. This was due to increase in the percentage of heterophils and decrease in lymphocytes.
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PMID:Studies on clinical signs and haematological alterations in pneumonic aspergillosis due to Aspergillus flavus in Japanese quail. 177 94

We conducted a phase I study of CI-898 (trimetrexate), a new diaminoquinazoline antifolate in 22 patients with solid cancer in a multicenter collaborative study. The dosage schedule was single-dose intravenous administration (single treatment), followed by one or two courses of 5-day intravenous administration (5-day treatment) at 3-week intervals. Starting at 2 mg/m2 (1 n), the dose was increased up to 15 mg/m2 (7.5 n) for single treatment and 12 mg/m2 (6 n) for 5-day treatment. Evaluable cases numbered 18 for single treatment and 17 for 5-day treatment. In single treatment, the highest dose of 15 mg/m2 caused no serious side effect and did not reach the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In 5-day treatment, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were found dose dependently, the dose-limiting factor was bone marrow depression, and MTD was 10 mg/m2/day. The leukocyte and platelet counts reached the nadir in 1-3 weeks after initiation of 5-day treatment. The recovery from the nadir required about one week. Subjective side effects included mucitis (mouth, anus), malaise and gastro-intestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia, diarrhea). None of alopecia, cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were found. In the present phase I study, a tendency of tumor reduction was found in one case each of breast cancer (adenoma) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). The plasma concentration of the unchanged compound after single treatment showed a biphasic elimination pattern (t1/2 alpha 0.8-1.4 hr, t1/2 beta 9.4-13.0hr). The urinary excretion of the unchanged compound was 14.7-23.5% of the administered dose. In 5-day treatment, no accumulation was found. From the results of the present study, the recommended dosage of CI-898 in the early phase II study was considered to be 8 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days (every 3-4 weeks).
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PMID:[Phase I study of CI-898. CI-898 Study Group]. 183 40

The life cycle of a species of murine Eimeria, isolated from a commercial source of mice is described using experimental infections. A pure strain was established starting from a single oocyst administered to Eimeria-free Swiss white mice. The prepatent period was 6 1/2 to 7 days, and the patent period lasted 6 to 10 days. Oocysts were subspherical or ovoid, with a smooth double-layered colourless membrane. Micropila was absent. The sporulated oocysts measured 15.7-25.1 x 14.1-22.0 microns (X780 = 21.3 x 16.9 microns). One to 4 polar granules were present. The oocyst residuum was absent. Sporocysts were ellipsoid, measured 11.5 x 6.3 microns (n = 780), with Stieda body and a compact subspherical sporocyst residuum. The sporozoites were elongated, 17.7 x 3.2 microns (n = 100), partially curled around each other. The endogenous stages were found only in the large intestine, with at least 4 generations of schizonts. Mature 1st generation schizonts, first seen 24 hr post-infection (HPI) measured 10.3 x 10.6 microns and had 8 to 25 merozoites 5.0-10.0 x 1.0-3.0 microns. Mature 2nd generation schizonts were first seen 48 HPI, measured 14.4 x 8.1 microns and had 8 to 20 merozoites 11.0-16.0 x 2.0-3.0 microns. Two forms of presumably 3rd generation schizonts appeared between 72 and 96 HPI: one measuring 13.9 x 8.5 microns, containing large merozoites (17.0-19.0 x 2.0-4.0 microns) and the other measuring 7.3 x 10.4 microns, where 6 to 10 merozoites (8.0-13.0 x 1.0-3.0 microns) were found. Fourth generation schizonts measuring 10.4 x 11.9 microns, with 26 a 48 or more merozoites (8.0-13.0 x 2.0-3.0 microns) were first seen at 132 HPI. Mature macro and microgamonts were first observed at 144 HPI. The sporulation of 72.0% of the oocysts in 2.0% (w/v) potassium dichromate at 23-24 degrees C occurred in 9 days. Usually the infected mice showed depression, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea or dysentery, and dehydration. The clinical picture w as more pronounced at 6 to 10 days post-infection (DPI). Mortality was highest between the 8th and 13th DPI, with a peak at 9 DPI in groups which received 1.1 x 10(4) to 4.4 x 10(4) oocysts. Groups infected with 5.5 x 10(3), 8.8 x 10(4) or 1.76 x 10(5) oocysts showed different results. Epithelial destruction, edema, inflammation, necrotizing enteritis followed by glandular regeneration and realing were observed restricted to the large intestine. The isolated Eimeria was named E. falciformis var. pragensis based on its morphobiological characteristics.
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PMID:[Morphobiology and pathogenicity of Eimeria falciformis var. pragensis Cerna, Seraud, Mehlhorn & Scholtyseck, 1974 in mouse (Mus musculus)]. 184 3

Little is known about prognostic factors in the treatment of bulimic patients. In the context of an ongoing study we looked at 1-year symptomatic outcome of 37 outpatients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa in relation to a variety of measures at first assessment. These included multiple measures of depression, measures of borderline personality disorder, a personality inventory, a symptom checklist and information about the history and the severity of the illness. Results add evidence to the importance of personality variables in predicting outcome: patients with high scores on the Borderline Syndrome Index indicating a severe disturbance tend to have poorer symptomatic outcome, especially when they also experience themselves as dominant (Giessen-Test). Other factors, including abuse of alcohol and history of anorexia did not allow prediction of outcome.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in outpatient psychotherapy of bulimia. 189 80

Recombinant alpha-interferons are used as therapeutic agents in an increasing number of benign and malignant disorders. Long-term administration of recombinant alpha-interferon as a maintenance agent is associated with a small number of adverse side-effects which are responsible for patient intolerance of this drug. These include weight loss, alopecia and chronic fatigue, anorexia and depression syndrome. This latter syndrome needs to be distinguished from thyroid disease, which is documented in this report in a number of patients on recombinant alpha-interferon therapy.
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PMID:Recombinant alpha-interferons, thyroid irradiation and thyroid disease. 190 80

An outbreak of salmonellosis in foals occurred on a large Thoroughbred farm in California. Only foals less than 8 days of age exhibited clinical signs, which included depression, anorexia, and diarrhea. Three foals died from septicemia. The agent responsible was Salmonella ohio, which is rarely involved in salmonellosis in horses. During the course of the outbreak, S. ohio was isolated from 27 of 97 mares (27.8%) and 34 of 97 foals (35.1%). Mares were the presumed source of infection for foals. The absence of clinical signs in mares allowed for increased exposure of foals through environmental contamination. Although foals continued to become infected after strict control measures were adopted, none became ill. Salmonella serotypes of seemingly low virulence can produce serious disease outbreaks.
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PMID:An outbreak of equine neonatal salmonellosis. 191 93


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