Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities were studied in five kinds of enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase - AST, alanine aminotransferase - ALT, lactate dehydrogenase - LD, the thermally stable fraction of lactate dehydrogenase - LD-1, and alkaline phosphatase - ALP) of 30 male dogs. The dogs, divided into two age categories, were studied during a long-continued training (130 days). Both transaminases exhibit characteristic changes in the activity, with a depression at the beginning between the 30th and 40th days of training, followed by a slow increase in AST and by a rapid increase in ALT, continuing until the end of the training period. A statistically significant activity pattern was recorded in LD: the activity declined continuously in both age groups of dogs. LD-1 exhibited an activity depression continuing until the 70th day of training, followed by an increase which reached statistical significance towards the end of the training. ALP activity varied regularly, but always remained significantly below the starting values. The enzymatic activities can be used as partial tests during the scientific management of the training of dogs in relation to the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the bodies of the dogs subjected to the training stress.
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PMID:[The effect of training stress on enzyme activity in working dogs]. 312 61

Four experiments were carried out with 10 to 12 day old leghorn chicks weighing approximately 93 to 101 g. The chicks were injected intraperitoneally with sterigmatocystin (STG) dissolved in olive oil. The LD50 values as established in the first two experiments were 10.0 and 14.0 mg/kg body weight with most of the deaths occurring between 9 and 21 h following injection. Histopathological studies demonstrated that there was hemorrhage, foci of degeneration and necrosis with fibroblastic proliferation in sinusoids of the liver while the kidneys showed tubular degeneration and necrosis. Biochemical analysis of blood sera demonstrated that STG caused a marked elevation in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and a depression of creatine kinase, but no effects on gamma-glutamyl transferase, amylase and lipase. Free and conjugated bilirubin were elevated in the sera while total protein, albumin, glucose, potassium, chloride and phosphorous concentrations were depressed. In addition, total white blood cells and circulating agranulocytes were depressed while circulating granulocytes were elevated. STG did not significantly affect the concentration of uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium and sodium in blood.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of sterigmatocystin to chicks. 356 71

Anaesthesia was induced in 24 horses with xylazine and ketamine and maintained with halothane (12 cases) or enflurane (12 cases) in oxygen. Pulse rate, arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gas values, respiratory rate and tidal volume were measured at regular intervals during anaesthesia. Serial venous blood samples were taken for assay of glucose, urea, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase. Operating conditions and the horses' behaviour in the recovery period were also recorded. In the case of the group of horses receiving enflurane, difficulty was experienced maintaining anaesthesia deep enough for surgery. This group also displayed greater respiratory depression. There were no significant differences between arterial blood pressure values, or any of the haematological or biochemical parameters recorded in each group. Recovery from anaesthesia was significantly faster in horses receiving enflurane but less smooth. It was concluded that, although enflurane appeared to be safe in the horse, the respiratory depression and the unpleasant recovery did not make it a desirable alternative to halothane.
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PMID:Clinical anaesthesia in the horse: comparison of enflurane and halothane. 397 74

Experiments were conducted to examine the role of zinc in the prevention of bromobenzene hepatoxicity in male rats. Bromobenzene (BB) (7.5 mmol/kg, ip) produced a marked hepatotoxicity as evidenced by increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and a marked depression in hepatic glutathione (GSH) content 24 hr after administration. The administration of zinc (92 mumol Zn/kg, ip, at 48 and 24 hr prior to the bromobenzene) ameliorated the bromobenzene elevations in plasma AST (25%) and plasma ALT (50%) but did not alter the decreases in hepatic GSH. Following administration of [14C]BB, the radioactive label was distributed primarily in the cytosolic and lipid fractions derived from liver homogenates. Furthermore, the subcellular distribution of [14C]BB was not altered by zinc pretreatment. The extent of covalent binding of [14C]BB metabolites to hepatic tissue was significantly depressed in zinc-treated rats. Zinc induced the hepatic levels of metallothionein but [14C]BB did not bind to this sulfhydryl rich protein. Further experiments showed that zinc treatment depressed cytochrome P-450 content, the activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and the metabolism of aniline, but not that of ethylmorphine. These studies suggest that the hepatoprotective effect of zinc against bromobenzene toxicity does not involve altered binding of the reactive toxic metabolite to glutathione or metallothionein, but it may be mediated by the inhibitory effect of zinc on the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolizing system.
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PMID:Amelioration of bromobenzene hepatotoxicity in the male rat by zinc. 398

The temporal relationships among selected correlates of hepatocellular damage were investigated in cordotomized, hypothermic rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Rats were spinally transected between C6 and C7 and allowed to become hypothermic. CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg ip) was administered as a 1:1 solution in corn oil. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and bilirubin concentrations, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity, and microsomal diene conjugations, as well as morphological changes were monitored over a 48 h time course. Diene conjugation, ALT and morphologic changes were all delayed and attenuated in CCl4 treated transected rats. The depression of hepatic G6Pase after CCl4 treatment was of the same magnitude in both transected and nontransected rats and was delayed only slightly in the cordotomized animals. Elevation of plasma bilirubin was delayed in transected rats, but the magnitude of the response was greater than that seen in nontransected rats. Parallel increases in MDA occurred in both CCl4 and corn oil treated transected rats over the 48 h period. These results demonstrate that spinal cord transection had differential influences upon the developing hepatotoxic effects of CCl4.
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PMID:The effect of hypothermia on biochemical and morphological aspects of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. 626 90

The effects of chronic dietary exposure to technical pentachlorophenol (PCP-T) on humoral immune responses in mice were examined. Primary and secondary splenic antibody responses to the T-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were examined in Swiss-Webster mice using our recently developed screening technique, the Hemolytic Antibody Isotope Release (HAIR) assay. To assess direct effects of PCP-T on B cells, the splenic plaque-forming cell response and serum antibody titers to the T-independent antigen, dinitrophenyl (DNP)-Ficoll, were examined. PCP-T exposure altered both the kinetics and the magnitude of the humoral antibody responses to SRBC and DNP-Ficoll. Peak splenic antibody production and serum antibody titers were delayed and the magnitude of the antibody responses were dose-dependently suppressed by PCP-T exposure. IgM responses appeared to be more sensitive to PCP-T-induced suppression than the IgG response. Significant depression of the IgM anti-SRBC splenic HAIR response was apparent as early as 2 weeks after initiation of PCP-T exposure and persisted for at least 8 weeks after termination of PCP-T feeding. Liver weight and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly elevated during PCP-T exposure and returned to control levels after a 4-6 week recovery period. The immunotoxic effect of PCP on humoral immunity was observed only in animals exposed to technical grade PCP known to be contaminated with significant levels of other chlorinated phenols as well as non-phenolic impurities including chlorinated dioxins, furans, and diphenyl ethers. Animals exposed to analytical grade PCP did not exhibit depressed humoral immunity.
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PMID:Immunotoxicity of technical pentachlorophenol (PCP-T): depressed humoral immune responses to T-dependent and T-independent antigen stimulation in PCP-T exposed mice. 676 29

Two hundred thousand infants born in Sweden between November 1972 and September 1974 were screened at birth for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) deficiency. At age 4 years 172 of 183 children with alpha 1 AT deficiency were examined and compared with 80 randomly selected control children. The children with alpha 1 AT deficiency had the following Pi types: 118 PiZ, 50 PiSZ, 2 PiZ-, 1 PiS-, 1 PiFZ. Two PiZ children have severe liver cirrhosis and 1 PiZ boy had died of aplastic anemia. Abnormal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT) were found in one PiSZ and 47 PiZ children. Upper and lower respiratory infections, otitis, eczema, urinary infections or complications of child diseases did not occur more often in children with alpha 1 AT deficiency than in controls. More parents of alpha 1 AT deficient children had stopped smoking and their fathers smoked significantly less. Forty parents of children with alpha AT deficiency PiZ answered a questionnaire concerning their reaction to, knowledge about and attitudes towards neonatal screening for alpha 1 AT deficiency. Many parents reported having reacted with lack of understanding, shock or depression upon learning that the child had alpha 1 AT deficiency. About 4 years later 44% reported still lack of understanding, and 18% depression or feelings of guilt. About two-thirds had not fully understood why alpha 1 AT deficiency had been identified, despite the fact that they had seen their doctor 3--4 times for check-ups and counselling since birth.
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PMID:Four-year-old children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Clinical follow-up and parental attitudes towards neonatal screening. 697 48

Inoculation of 2 groups of dogs with 1 X 10(9) and 4 X 10(9) Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae produced disease varying from transient fever to uremia and death. Clinical signs of disease in the severely affected dogs were fever, dehydration, depression, and icterus. Laboratory changes in serum of infected dogs included increased urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Chloride concentration decreased in the serum of dogs with severe disease. The icterus in the infected dogs did not appear to be related to hemolytic anemia.
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PMID:Serum biochemical changes in dogs with experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. 727 Oct 27

Mebendazole was administered to 7 adult Dachshunds and 2 adult Doberman Pinschers at 6-month intervals for routine parasite control. Two weeks after the 1st treatment, a 3-year-old Dachshund died of acute hepatic failure. Approximately 2 weeks following the 2nd treatment, two 5-year-old Dachshunds and one 3-year-old Dachshund had evidence of acute hepatic necrosis; 1 of these dogs died of fulminant hepatic failure. Typical clinical signs in affected dogs included anorexia, depression, vomiting, icterus, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. Two additional Dachshunds had biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction, ie. high serum alanine aminotransferase and serum alkaline phosphatase activities. One Dachshund and 2 Doberman Pinschers had no clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic disease.
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PMID:Acute hepatic necrosis associated with the administration of mebendazole to dogs. 734 57

Thirteen biochemical parameters (viz. glucose, calcium, inorganic phosphorous, urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) were determined in serum and partly in liver of rats 1-28 days after i.p. aflatoxin B1 (AFB) (3 mg/kg). Histological examinations of the liver were also made in parallel to the biochemical studies. In the serum, enzyme activities and total bilirubin level increased and peaked on the 2nd day, while other activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the liver significantly decreased and reached a minimum on the 2nd day after AFB administration. The depression of the liver enzyme activities persisted over 7 days. The liver protein content also reduced transiently during 1-1.5 days. However, all biochemical parameters returned to normal levels 2 weeks after treatment, and remained so throughout the rest of experimental period. Histological changes in the liver were very similar to those reported by other.
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PMID:Sequential biochemical and histological changes in rats treated with aflatoxin B1. 742 38


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