Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A differential solute clearance technique was used to evaluate glomerular capillary wall function in 20 patients with membranous glomerulopathy and massive proteinuria. The clearance of inulin, the filtration fraction, and the fractional clearance of uncharged dextrans of a radius of 28-48 A were depressed significantly below control values in 20 healthy volunteers (P less than 0.01). In contrast, the fractional clearance of dextrans of radius greater than 50 A was elevated markedly. A theoretical model of solute transport that depicts the major portion of the glomerular capillary wall as an isoporous membrane and the minor portion as a nondiscriminatory shunt pathway revealed the calculated glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient to be five times lower and mean pore radius of the major membrane component to be 4 A smaller than control values. However, the fraction of filtrate volume permeating the shunt pathway was three- to fourfold above control values and correlated strongly in individual patients with the fractional clearance of albumin (r = 0.76) and of IgG (r = 0.80). Lowering renal plasma flow by 24% during indomethacin therapy in seven patients resulted in a 74% reduction in proteinuria accompanied by a corresponding diminution of filtrate formed through the shunt pathway. Morphometric analysis of glomerular ultrastructure revealed the magnitude of depression of the glomerular filtration rate and of urinary protein leakage to be related strongly to changes in the epithelial layer of the glomerular capillary wall, but not to the density of subepithelial immune deposits. We conclude that glomerular capillaries in membranous glomerulopathy are characterized by a loss of ultrafiltration capacity and of barrier size-selectivity, and that subepithelial immune deposits do not provide a structural basis for these functional alterations.
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PMID:Nature of the glomerular capillary injury in human membranous glomerulopathy. 241 62

We defined the acute phase behaviour of a number of rabbit plasma proteins in studies (in vivo) and studied the effects of monokine preparations on their synthesis by rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures. Following turpentine injection, increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and decreased concentrations of albumin were observed. In contrast to what is observed in man, concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin were increased. Co-culture of primary hepatocyte cultures with lipopolysaccharide-activated human peripheral blood monocytes or incubation with conditioned medium prepared from lipopolysaccharide-activated human or rabbit monocytes resulted in dose-dependent induction of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and depression of albumin synthesis, while C-reactive protein synthesis and mRNA levels remained unchanged. A variety of interleukin-1 preparations induced dose-dependent increases in the synthesis and secretion of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and decreased albumin synthesis. Human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) induced a dose-dependent increase in synthesis of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. In general, human interleukin-1 was more potent than mouse interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. None of the monokines we studied had an effect on C-reactive protein synthesis or mRNA levels. These data confirm that C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit, and demonstrate that, in contrast to their behaviour in man, alpha 2M and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species. While both interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor regulate biosynthesis of a number of these acute phase proteins in rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures, neither of these monokines induced C-reactive protein synthesis. Comparison of these findings with those in human hepatoma cell lines, in which interleukin-1 does not induce serum amyloid A synthesis, suggests that the effect of interleukin-1 on serum amyloid A synthesis may be indirect.
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PMID:Regulation of rabbit acute phase protein biosynthesis by monokines. 246 85

1. We have investigated the influence of environmental temperature, anaesthesia and route of administration on rectal temperature and other metabolic responses to two preparations of bacterial endotoxin in male adult Wistar rats. 2. Urethane anaesthesia, environmental temperatures of 20 and 28 degrees C, subcutaneous (S.C.) and intraperitoneal (I.P.) routes of administration and butanol and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extracts of E. coli endotoxin (1.2 mg/kg) were used. 3. In addition to rectal temperature, serum zinc, albumin and urea concentrations and liver protein, RNA and zinc contents were measured. 4. Fevers were produced by injections of both endotoxins, by either route at 28 degrees C. Butanol-extracted endotoxin produced a more rapid response than the TCA extract via the I.P. route whereas the TCA extract produced a higher temperature than the butanol extract when the S.C. route was used. 5. Fevers were inhibited at an environmental temperature of 20 degrees C and by anaesthesia, while the former had no effect on compositional changes the latter inhibited the fall in serum zinc in response to subcutaneous doses of either endotoxin and the increase in liver zinc content in response to the butanol extract of endotoxin. 6. At 20 degrees C a marked fall in rectal temperature occurred in conscious rats 2 h after receiving the TCA but not the butanol extract of endotoxin. Temperature depression was more severe when endotoxin was administered by the I.P. route. 7. Serum urea was elevated in conscious rats by the TCA extract of endotoxin via both routes but only by the I.P. route for the butanol extract of endotoxin. In anaesthetized animals only the TCA extract of endotoxin raised serum urea concentration when given intraperitoneally. 8. Serum albumin and liver protein and RNA were unaffected by endotoxin injections over the 7 h time course of the study. 9. Rectal temperature responses to endotoxins were influenced in direction and magnitude by all variables employed in the study, while compositional changes were unaffected by environmental temperature but influenced to varying degrees by urethane anaesthesia and the route of administration employed.
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PMID:Effects of urethane, ambient temperature and injection route on rat body temperature and metabolism due to endotoxins. 247 10

Angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion has been reported to impair barrier size selectivity and exacerbate proteinuria in the rat. To examine whether this is also true of humans, we infused a pressor dose of ANG II into seven healthy controls and seven nephrotic patients. A prompt depression of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow was observed in each group (P less than 0.01). Surprisingly, the excretion rates of albumin (5.3 +/- 1.6 to 2.8 +/- 0.3 in controls and 4,791 +/- 1,244 to 3,833 +/- 800 micrograms/min in nephrotics) and immunoglobulin G (1.5 +/- 0.4 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 and 305 +/- 87 to 255 +/- 94 micrograms/min, respectively) fell significantly during ANG II infusion. Fractional clearances of dextrans of broad size distribution (radii 34-54 A) were uniformly elevated by ANG II infusion in controls but tended to decline in nephrotics. A heteroporous model of the glomerular capillary wall revealed ANG II to have a negligible effect on membrane-pore structure. However, the depressed GFR lowered the rate at which macromolecule-rich filtrate was formed through a subset of nondiscriminatory pores from 272 to 176 microliters/min in controls and from 394 to 334 microliters/min in nephrotics. We conclude that, in striking contrast to the rat, pressor ANG II infusion has little or no influence on barrier size selectivity in humans but exerts an antiproteinuric effect by lowering the filtered protein load.
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PMID:Effect of angiotensin II infusion on the human glomerular filtration barrier. 247 34

Serum viscosity's increase in diabetes has been linked to the presence of microvascular sequelae and to changes in serum protein composition. The major change is a decline in albumin and an increase in the levels of acute-phase proteins. In this study, albumin and five acute phase proteins--alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and C-reactive protein--were measured. Levels in adult diabetes (principally type II) were compared with those in both subjects with glucose intolerance and control subjects (healthy subjects and nondiabetic ambulatory patients). Haptoglobin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein increased markedly in both diabetes and glucose intolerance; ceruloplasmin and alpha-1 antitrypsin increased more marginally. Serum albumin level decreased more strikingly as hyperglycemia advanced. Acute-phase proteins also increased in advanced glucose intolerance as in established diabetes. The acute-phase protein elevation did not differ with degree of control or duration of diabetes. When diabetics were divided into those with and without clinically detectable evidence of microvascular sequelae, elevation of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and depression of albumin were found to progress with number of sequelae. The levels of these proteins, particularly haptoglobin, were also highly correlated with serum viscosity expressed as viscosity number. Mild serum albumin depression and a more striking acute-phase protein elevation are greater in diabetes with microangiopathy, develop in glucose intolerance, and contribute substantially to elevated plasma viscosity in diabetes.
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PMID:Increased levels of acute-phase serum proteins in diabetes. 247 61

A heterogeneous group of surgery patients at septic risk was studied through monitoring of acute phase proteins (APP). Plasma levels of 8 acute phase proteins (C-reactive, alpha-1 antitrypsin, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, prealbumin, alpha-2 macroglobulin) were measured in the pre- and postoperative period of septic surgery patients suffering from disease processes in various sites and with different aetiopathogenesis. The experiment is related to some interesting research proposed by authors in the Shock Physiopathology Study Centre of the Catholic University of Rome and their results. The constant finding of increased values of PCR, fibrin, cerul, alpha-1 Tryp in the septic risk surgery patient and their normalisation following treatment is particularly significant. In these same cases, a depression or, depending on circumstances, normal findings of Transf, alpha-2 Macro, Albu and Prealbu were observed. The results point to the practical utility an high reliability of APP changes as markers of septic risk.
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PMID:[Acute phase proteins as markers of septic risk in surgical patients]. 248 55

To evaluate the clinical value of splenectomy for hepatic resection, a total of 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hypersplenism were examined focusing on a change of total serum bilirubin values after surgery. Both hepatectomy and splenectomy were simultaneously performed in 12 patients, and in 8 patients as a staged operation. Postoperatively, a significant depression of bilirubin values was observed in a group with the preoperative values between 1.0mg/dl and 2.0mg/ml. Three factors (bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time) in clinical stage were improved just after splenectomy with a statistical significance (p less than 0.05) in a group received staged operation. In 7 out of 8 patients, clinical stages were getting better as one or two stages prior to the hepatectomies. Therefore, we recommend the addition of splenectomy to hepatectomy in the patients whose hyperbilirubinemia are assumed to be correlated with coexisting hypersplenism.
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PMID:[The role of splenectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hypersplenism as an aid to hepatectomy]. 255 82

1. To investigate endogenous cardiac glycoside-like compounds in plasma and their ability to inhibit the sodium pump, digoxin-like immunoreactivity [digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s), DLIS] and 86Rb uptake by erythrocytes were measured in plasma extracts from normal adults, hypertensive adults and neonates. 2. DLIS levels in neonate plasma extracts were significantly higher than those found for normotensive or hypertensive adults. No difference was observed between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. DLIS was significantly increased when boiled plasma was extracted. 3. Extracts of boiled neonate and adult plasma inhibited 86Rb uptake. Instead, when boiling was omitted, no detectable inhibition was found in extracts of plasma from normotensive or hypertensive adult subjects. When present, the inhibition resulted from a depression of the ouabain-sensitive (sodium-pump-mediated) component, and, for the boiled neonate plasma only, also of the ouabain-resistant component. When the data from the different groups were pooled, a statistically significant inverse relationship between DLIS and erythrocyte 86Rb uptake was observed. Furthermore, in a subgroup of samples in which determinations were made before and after boiling in the same samples, an inverse correlation was found between changes in DLIS and changes in ouabain-sensitive (but not ouabain-resistant) 86Rb uptake. 4. Plasma extracts incubated with albumin at a physiological concentration significantly decreased (by approximately 20%) the inhibition of 86Rb uptake observed. 5. These findings support the existence of one or more endogenous compounds which both bind to antidigoxin antibodies and inhibit transmembrane cation transport. Part of this inhibition may, however, not involve the sodium pump. Furthermore, this chemically unidentified substance(s) may be bound to plasma proteins which partly reduce its action in vivo.
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PMID:Comparison between endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactivity and 86Rb uptake by erythrocytes in extracts of human plasma. 255 27

Metabolic effects of a trickle challenge with the equivalent of 10,000 infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae per day were investigated in 12 calves allocated to infected, pair-fed control or ad libitum-fed control groups. Changes in hormone levels reflecting abomasal, pituitary and pancreatic function were monitored using radioimmunoassay techniques previously validated for use in cattle. A range of metabolic profile parameters and blood metabolites was also measured. Feed intake of the infected calves began to decline as blood gastrin and pepsinogen levels reached a peak. The depression in appetite recorded in this group was responsible for significant increases in plasma urea and non-esterified fatty acid levels and associated with an increase in growth hormone/insulin ratio. No significant difference in glucagon levels was recorded between groups. A decline in blood albumin values was also shown in the infected group and associated with a drop in nitrogen digestibility. A significant depression in circulating calcium levels was related to either the hypoalbuminaemia or impaired mineral absorption in the intestine. A decrease in plasma cholesterol values in the infected group was associated with changes in digestive function.
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PMID:Ostertagia ostertagi infection in the calf: effects of a trickle challenge on the hormonal control of digestive and metabolic function. 259 87

A 28-day oral dosage test of miporamicin (MPM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was performed to assess its toxicologic potential in groups of male and female rats receiving the compound in feed. Five graded dosage levels of 0, 3,200, 8,000, 20,000, and 50,000 ppm were employed for treatment with MPM in feed and the treatment period was followed by a 28-day recovery phase observation period. 1. No deaths occurred throughout the course of the experiment. Animals receiving 50,000 ppm developed signs: ruffled hair coat and emaciation, which disappeared following withdrawal of the drug. 2. The MPM-50,000 group displayed depression of weight gain and decrease of feed and water intake during the treatment period. During the posttreatment recovery phase observation period the animals showed recovery in weight gain rate as well as in feed and water intake. 3. The achieved compound dosage was 273 mg/kg/day in males and 288 mg/kg/day in females in the MPM-3,200 group, 721 and 773 mg/kg/day respectively in the MPM-8,000 group, 1,738 and 1,856 mg/kg/day in the MPM-20,000 group, and 3,405 and 3,611 mg/kg/day in the MPM-50,000 group. 4. Hematological examinations revealed low values for RBC, WBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and decreased platelet counts in the MPM-50,000 group, which were considered to be due to the decreased feed intake. These changes disappeared or abated following withdrawal. 5. Of various serum biochemical parameters assessed, total protein, albumin, glucose and triglycerides showed lowered values in the MPM-50,000 group. All these changes were considered to be attributable to the decreased feed intake. During the ensuing recovery phase observation period, all these parameters showed restoration or abatement in parallel with the recovery in feed intake. 6. Urine analysis disclosed decrease of urine volume, lowered electrolyte concentration and elevation of urine osmolarity in the MPM-20,000 and the MPM-50,000 groups. These changes were considered to be secondary to cecal enlargement which is commonly seen with antibiotic medication, or to the decreased feed and water intake. Following drug withdrawal, all these changes disappeared with the recovery in feed and water intake and abatement of cecal hyperplasia. 7. At terminal necropsy, diminution of body fat and atrophy of the spleen and thymus that correlated with emaciation were noted in the MPM-50,000 group. Dose-related enlargement of the caecum was also noted in the treated groups. All these changes disappeared or abated following withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity study of miporamicin in rats by twenty-eight-day administration in feed]. 262 84


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