Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bilirubin titration point--the lowest bilirubin concentration at which loosely bound bilirubin could be demonstrated by Sephadex gel filtration--was determined in samples collected before, during, and on completion of 17 exchange transfusions as well as in the discarded and donor blood. The bilirubin titration point expressed either as bilirubin concentration or as bilirubin/albumin molar ratio failed to be increased by the exchange transfusion and, in each case at the end of the procedure, the titration point was below the expected level, assuming that the donor albumin was going to retain its binding properties in the infant's circulation. The bilirubin titration point was also depressed in the discarded blood, and the depression was inversely related to the amount of bilirubin removed by the exchange transfusion (expressed as mg/kg of body weight/mg of initial bilirubin concentration). These results are interpreted as an indication that interfering substances are responsible for the decreased binding of bilirubin in newborn, particularly preterm, infants. In practical terms the criteria for a repeat exchange transfusion should be the same as for the initial one, as no change in the bilirubin binding properties of the serum is likely to occur following exchange transfusion.
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PMID:Effect of exchange transfusion on bilirubin binding. 86 40

The effects of hypophysectomy and short-term GH replacement on insulin release and on some aspects of glucose metabolism in isolated rat islets of Langerhans were investigated. The effects on body, pancreas and adrenal gland weights, and on the levels of blood plasma constituents were also measured. Three to four weeks after hypophysectomy the early and late phases of insulin release from islets incubated with high concentrations of glucose, but not with low concentrations of glucose or with xylitol, leucine, arginine, tolbutamide, citrate or butyrate, were significantly lowered. Short-term GH replacement partially reversed the depression in glucose-stimulated insulin release. This reversal effect was not dependent on the increase in body weight of rats after GH replacement when the fall in adrenal gland but not in pancreas weight was also reversed. Nine out of the 12 plasma constituents measured, including glucose, were maintained in the control range of levels, but albumin, inorganic phosphate and urea nitrogen levels were altered after hypophysectomy or GH replacement. Three to four weeks after hypophysectomy, total glucose oxidation and glucose utilization by the islets were slightly depressed. Hypophysectomy appeared to slow down glucose 6-phosphate utilization in the islets. However, the functional capacity of the glucose phosphorylating, glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were not changed. Short-term GH replacement caused improvements in these islet functions.
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PMID:Effects of hypophysectomy and short-term growth hormone replacement on insulin release from and glucose metabolism in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. 110 38

Plasma albumin levels were measured in partially hepatectomized, sham operated and control rats. The levels fell in both the partially hepatectomized and sham operated groups; while the latter group returned to normal within a few days, the low plasma albumin in the partially hepatectomized animals was sustained. Albumin synthesis rates in the isolated perfused rat liver were measured in the three groups of animals at varying intervals after partial hepatectomy. There was a significant depression of albumin synthesis rate in terms of both liver and whole animal weights when compared to the sham operated and control animals. This depression was almost completely reversed by the addition of arginine, asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tryptophan and valine added together to 10 times their normal plasma concentrations. The addition of hydrocortisone had no effect on the albumin synthesis rate after partial hepatectomy. Studies in vivo in the three groups of animals (partially hepatectomized, sham operated and control animals) revealed a fall in the albumin catabolic rate after partial hepatectomy coinciding with the fall in the albumin synthesis rate. An hypothesis whereby the amino acids may have their stimulatory effect is proposed.
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PMID:Albumin synthesis and catabolism following partial hepatectomy in the rat. The effects of amino acids and adrenocortical steroids on albumin synthesis after partial hepatectomy. 115 98

Previous studies from this laboratory indicated that inorganic and organic anions inhibit the unidirectional influx and net transport of the folate analog methotrexate in mammalian cells. Studies were undertaken to establish whether anions retained in uremia might inhibit the membrane transport of folates. Methotrexate was utilized as a model folate compound and its transport was determined in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. Influx of methotrexate was inhibited when cells were suspended into sera or ultrafiltrates of sera (pH adjusted to 7.4 by regulation of PCO2) from uremic patients, an effect that was decreased after the patient underwent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The inhibitory effect of uremic sera correlated well with the level of retained anions as estimated from the "anion gap," but could not be related to changes in osmolality, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. While inhibiting the influx of methotrexate, inorganic anions did not displace methotrexate from albumin binding sites. Anionic inhibition of the membrane transport of 5-methyl [14C] tetrahydrofolate was also demonstrated and this was shown to be accompanied by a depression in the rate of incorporation of the labeled 14C moiety into nucleic acids and protein. The data suggested that transport of folates is impaired in uremia and raises the possibility that whatever the measured blood folate level in the uremic individual with retained anions, the rate of uptake of folates into folate-dependent tissues which this blood folate level will sustain may be reduced.
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PMID:Inhibition of the membrane transport of folates by anions retained in uremia. 118 41

The mechanism of the hypothermia produced in mice by the naturally occurring cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol, was investigated by evaluating the direct effect of these drugs on the oxygen consumption of tissue homogenates and isolated mitochondria. The tissues studied were brain, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart; the mitochondrial preparations were limited to brain and skeletal muscle. The in-vitro studies included a description of the influence of various cannabinoid vehicles containing Tween 80, ethanol, Pluronic F68, and albumin on the oxygen consumption of tissue preparations. Of these vehicles, only albumin was without effect on all tissues. The other vehicles produced diverse responses, including some that were qualitatively different; the data illustrate that the influence of each vehicle on oxygen consumption must be defined for each tissue employed. In spite of the different vehicle effects, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol generally reduced oxygen consumption of all tissue preparations; however, the vehicles were capable of modifying the dose-effect relationship. The results of all three drugs prepared in Pluronic F68 on brain and skeletal muscle indicated that the cannabinoids generally cause a dose-related depression of oxygen consumption. The findings demonstrate that the cannabinoids can directly decrease oxidative metabolism of tissue and isolated mitochondria and that a marked response occurs in the concentration range of 1 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10(-4) M. Because these concentrations can exist in tissues following the in-vivo administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the results suggest that the depressant effect of the cannabinoids on metabolic rate may contribute to the mechanism of the hypothermia produced by the drugs.
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PMID:The influence of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol on tissue oxygen consumption. 119 14

In animal experiments on rats we could show that wound healing, inhibited by cortison can be normalized by vitamin A administration. The reason for this behaviour is assumed to be an antagonistic effect of cortison and vit. A via the inflammatory phase on the amount of newly formed collagen. The increase of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulin fraction and the decrease of the albumin fraction in the serum caused by vitamin A seems to indicate this fact as well as the pronounced leucocyte depression under cortisol treatment.
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PMID:[Animal experiment studies on the effect of vitamin A on cortisol-induced wound healing disorders]. 120 27

Lisinopril is a potent competitive inhibitor of purified rabbit lung ACE (dissociation t1/2 = 105 min). To examine reversibility of binding and ACE functional activity in situ, the single-pass extraction (E) of an 125I-lisinopril analogue (351A) and the hydrolysis of an ACE substrate, benz-phe-ala-pro (BPAP) were studied. Lungs were perfused at 50 ml/min with a Krebs-albumin (3%) solution. A bolus containing [14C]dextran, [3H]BPAP, and 351A was injected and (E)351A measured by multiple indicator dilution technique. BPAP metabolism (M) was reflected by the appearance of its hydrolysis product [3H]benz-phe in lung effluent. Control (E)351A was 66 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD, n = 6) and (M)BPAP was 69 +/- 9% (n = 6). Unlabeled lisinopril (30 nmol) in the bolus significantly reduced E(351A) and M(BPAP) to 16 +/- 16% and 3 +/- 3%, respectively. Ten minutes later E(351A) and M(BPAP) had returned to control values. Reduction of E(351A) was partially reversible and M(BPAP) completely reversible after 1 min. After recirculation with 0.25 mM lisinopril for 30 min, however, significant depression of E(351A) was evident for 60 min after exposure to lisinopril was discontinued. Thus, rapid as well as slowly reversible components of inhibition of ACE inhibitor binding can be demonstrated in the perfused rabbit lung.
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PMID:Rapid reversal of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition by lisinopril in the perfused rabbit lung. 131 50

The transcription rates of the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) genes were reduced to marginally detectable levels in livers of newborn or fetal c14CoS albino deletion mutant mice, which lack the hepatocyte specific developmental regulation (hsdr-1) locus on chromosome 7 and die shortly after birth. However, steady-state levels of these two mRNAs in livers of mutant mice were similar to those in normal mice, where these genes are actively transcribed. In c14CoS mice, transcription rates of transcription factor genes HNF-1, C/EBP and HNF-4 were reduced, albeit to different extents. These effects are specific because transcription of the HNF-3, DBP, LAP and Jun-B genes remained normal in mutant mice. Steady-state levels of all of these mRNAs reflected the transcriptional activities. Levels of HNF-1 and HNF-4 mRNAs showed much greater depression than that of C/EBP in mutant liver. The availability of this group of transcription factors may be reduced in c14CoS hepatocytes and therefore caused depressed transcription rates of their target genes such as those encoding albumin and alpha FP. However, the normal steady-state levels of albumin and alpha FP mRNAs in mutant mice remains unexplained. Fetal c14CoS hepatocytes in primary culture did acquire competence for glucocorticoid inducible transcription of the albumin, alpha FP, HNF-4 and metallothionein genes but not of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene. These results indicate that the hsdr-1 locus is dispensable for the glucocorticoid induced transcription of these genes but not of TAT. The effects caused by the c14CoS deletion are pleiotropic in controlling the expression of numerous genes at distinct levels in the liver.
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PMID:Transcriptional control in hepatocytes of normal and c14CoS albino deletion mice. 137 Dec 47

We assessed the growth rate and changes in plasma albumin, total protein and alpha 2-macroglobulin concentrations (a major acute phase protein in rats) before and after a subcutaneous injection of turpentine (0.5 mg/kg body wt) in groups of rats receiving one of a series of protein-deficient diets (protein concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 g/100 g) or a diet containing an adequate level of protein (20 g/100 g) for maximal growth. Increasing protein deficiency in the different groups of animals reduced the basal albumin and total protein concentrations and attenuated the total protein and alpha 2-macroglobulin responses to turpentine. Increasing protein deficiency delayed the time taken for alpha 2-macroglobulin to reach peak concentrations post-injection and its return to basal concentrations. The turpentine-induced hypoalbuminemia was similar in all groups of animals (approximately 10 g/L depression) but restoration to values that were present before turpentine injection was increasingly delayed with increasing protein deficiency. The magnitude of the acute phase response (peak alpha 2-macroglobulin concentration) was found to be directly related to growth rate (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001). We concluded that protein deficiency can alter the pattern and magnitude of the acute phase responses in circulating protein concentrations to an extent that is dependent on the severity of protein deficiency.
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PMID:The magnitude of the acute phase protein response is attenuated by protein deficiency in rats. 137 88

We used differential solute clearances and a theoretical analysis of glomerular ultrafiltration and dextran sieving to characterize the hemodynamic response of nine healthy humans to infusion of isoncotic, 5% albumin in saline or saline vehicle alone. During albumin infusion (10.2 +/- 0.2 ml.kg-1.30 min-1) plasma volume increased by 18%, but oncotic pressure rose by only 0.8 mmHg. Despite the hypervolemia, renal blood flow (RBF) declined by 140 ml/min and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declined by 16 ml/min during the infusion. RBF increased progressively postinfusion, exceeding baseline by 135 ml/min after 4 h; GFR was restored to baseline. Although oncotic pressure declined by 2 mmHg, a similar transient decline in GFR (-13 ml/min) was associated also with infusion of saline vehicle alone (9.4 +/- 0.3 ml.kg-1.30 min-1), which increased plasma volume by 9%. Sieving coefficients of dextrans (radius 32-42 A) were lowered during and after either infusion, a phenomenon that we compute to reflect a reduction in glomerular pore size. Assuming that the transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference was not lowered, we calculate that there was a simultaneous depression of the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) during volume expansion with saline and possibly also to a lesser extent with albumin. The hypofiltration during either infusion delayed the onset of a natriuretic response until the filtered sodium load was restored to baseline in the postinfusion period. We propose that the net effect of changes in intracapillary pressures and Kf during volume expanding infusions is to transiently lower GFR, thereby preventing the human kidney from mounting an immediate natriuretic response to acute hypervolemia.
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PMID:Filtration dynamics and natriuretic response to volume expansion in humans. 138 Jul 73


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