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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The validity of the Children's Depression Scale and of its parent-report version were examined on a sample of normal and clinically referred adolescents. The CDS and CDS-A discriminated adequately between clinical and non-clinical Ss, as well as between depressed and non-depressed. Only the CDS discriminated between depressed and 'sad', i.e. parental report did not discriminate between these two groups. A high correlation was found between the CDS and the Children's Depression Inventory. Internal consistency of the scale was found to be adequate. However, no support was found for the subscale structure of the CDS as proposed by its authors.
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PMID:The Children's Depression Scale. A study of its validity. 406 16

Self-appraisal of cognitive difficulties by a sample of 63 male patients with closed-head injury (CHI) was examined in relation to their performance on the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler, 1987), WAIS-R Digit Span (Wechsler, 1981), and to their scores on MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) measures of anxiety and depression. In an initial step, the Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS; McNair & Kahn, 1983), consisting of 39 self-report items, was factor analyzed using a sample of 255 consecutive neuropsychological referrals with documented brain impairment. Seven orthogonal dimensions emerged: Attention and Concentration, Orientation and Memory, Praxis, Domestic Activities, Facial Recognition, Task Efficiency, and Errand and Name Recall. Within a sample subset consisting of 63 patients with CHI, subjective complaints on the CDS were predictive of WMS-R Logical Memory performance (r = -.51, p < .0005). In contrast, CDS scores were generally poor predictors of Digit Span and Visual Reproduction scores (rs < .31). Cognitive complaints were also associated with emotional distress on the MMPI-2. The CDS appears to be a useful measure of self-appraised cognitive difficulties in patients with CHI, and may assist in the assessment of their self-reflective insight.
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PMID:Cognitive complaints in closed-head injury: relationship to memory test performance and emotional disturbance. 924 Apr 87

Using data from an observational study of affective disorders, we describe the rates of transition among levels of antidepressant treatment for subjects with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and relate these changes to changes in clinical status. We report on the treatment received during the first 10 years of follow-up in the Collaborative Depression Study by 555 patients with a diagnosis of MDD of at least one month's duration. This work extends the initial examination of treatment received during the first eight weeks after entry into this study that showed depressed patients to be on low levels of treatment. Multiplicative intensity models which generalize survival analysis models were used to analyse these data. Description of the course of treatment of these depressed patients shows that low levels of treatment persist for these patients across subsequent episodes, and that these episodes, like the index one, are characterized by extended time in a symptomatic subcriterion state after acute symptoms have improved. These long-term descriptions of treatment support the initial hypothesis that these CDS patients were undertreated. The long-term tendency toward undertreatment seems to persist even as newer treatments become available and widely accepted in practice.
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PMID:Course of treatment received by depressed patients. 1036 89

The relationship between characteristics of benzodiazepine exposure and health-status was examined in order to investigate risk profiles of benzodiazepine users. In the only pharmacy of a Dutch community of 13,500 inhabitants, all current benzodiazepine users that presented with a benzodiazepine prescription in November 1994 were invited to participate. On the basis of the RAND-36 questionnaire, summary scores for both physical and mental health were calculated, the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS). After dichotomization with a cut-off point indicating seriously impaired health and after the combination of the PCS and MCS, four different categories of health status could be identified. We used logistic regression to study the relation between these four different groups with respect to benzodiazepine exposure. In total a group of 360 current benzodiazepine users was studied. Results showed that almost one-third of the participants had no significant impaired health; this group was further classified as reference group. We classified three other groups: one with physical problems (31%), one with mental problems (18%), and one with a combination of the two (22%). Multivariate analysis showed differences in risk factors for an impaired health status. The group with impaired physical health was associated with self-reported indication for muscle relaxation, hypnotic use, and a high CDS (Chronic Disease Score). The group with impaired mental health was associated with more frequent consulting of a mental health care specialist and with a low sense of self-efficacy. The group with both impaired physical as well as mental health was associated with a higher incidence of widowhood, a lower sense of self-efficacy, a high CDS, using benzodiazepines more than prescribed, and reporting depression as reason for their benzodiazepine use. In particular, two groups need critical examination: a group of apparently healthy users with long-term benzodiazepine use; and a frail group with impaired physical and mental health and using a higher dose than prescribed. Patient counseling and management of these four groups can be tailored to the specific needs of each group.
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PMID:Characteristics of current benzodiazepine users as indicators of differences in physical and mental health. 1102 63

N-terminal acetylation is the most common modification in eukaryotic proteins, affecting stability and activity of proteins. NatA is one of the N-terminal acetytransferases in yeast. It is composed of two subunits, NAT1 and ARD1. Defect in one of them leads to loss of activity of NatA. Null mutant of NAT1 in yeast exhibits a variety of phenotypes, including depression of a silent mating type locus (HML), failing to enter G(0) in poor nutrient situations and chromosomes instability. Based on homology of NAT1 between yeast and other organisms, the full-length CDS (coding sequence) of HNAT1 was cloned and sequenced. Result of in situ hybridization in testis of rat showed that expression of NAT1 was high and its expression was different in different phases of spermatogenesis. The gene may play an important role in spermatogenesis.
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PMID:[Cloning and analysis of a novel gene encoding N-terminal acetyltransferase subunit]. 1201 51

Temporal stability has served as a conceptual basis for the distinction between the clinical syndromes of Axis I disorders and the Axis II personality disorders, the latter being viewed as lifelong enduring patterns. However, comparisons of the stability of Axis I and II disorders have been limited. The present review examines findings from three naturalistic longitudinal studies that utilize similar methodology: the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS; Gunderson et al., 2000), the Collaborative Depression Study (CDS; Katz & Klerman, 1979), and the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Program (HARP; Keller et al., 1994). Using a definition of remission/recovery as having no or minimal symptoms for 8 consecutive weeks, the courses of personality, depressive, and anxiety disorders were compared. Though remission/recovery rate at the 2-year follow-up was highest for mood disorders, the probability of recurrence was also particularly high. Personality disorders, with remission rates higher than the anxiety disorders, appear to be less stable than conceptualized. The anxiety disorders had remarkably low recovery rates even beyond 5 years of prospective follow-up. Factors that may explain these findings, as well as implications for future conceptualization of DSM, are discussed.
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PMID:Stability as a distinction between Axis I and Axis II disorders. 1463 73

The aim of this study was an analysis of relationship between the quality of life of schizophrenic patients and clinical parameters (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, symptoms of depression, time from start of treatment, total time of all hospitalizations). The research was carried out on 120 in- and out-patients (from 19 to 65 years of age) who fulfilled ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. They were in a stable state of improvement during actual treatment. The following instruments were used: Quality of Life Scale--QLS (Heinrich et al., 1984), Calgary Depression Scale--CDS (Addington et al., 1990), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale--BPRS (Overall, Gorham, 1962)--short form to assess positive symptoms, Brief Negative Symptoms Assessment--BNS. The basic statistical method used was correlation analysis between measurable variables with Pearson's index (P). In investigated group the quality of life correlates essentially with negative symptoms (P = -0.838), positive symptoms (P = -0.350), total time of all hospitalizations (P = -0.371), but there is not correlation between the quality of life and symptoms of depression and time from start of schizophrenia treatment. This study shows that the improvement of quality of life of schizophrenic patients is possible by effective treatment mainly negative symptoms, also positive symptoms and shortening of hospitalizations. It seems that QLS is less sensitive to changes in symptoms of depression.
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PMID:[The relationship between quality of life of schizophrenic patients and clinical parameters of psychosis]. 1576 53

Previous studies have suggested that qualitatively distinct aspects of dysphoria (anxiety and depression) are related to specific dimension of schizophrenia symptomatology. Most of these studies used simple dimensions and dysphoria models, although finer distinctions could help defining specific relationships. This study examined the relationships of distinctive aspects of depression and anxiety (both state and trait) with symptom dimensions. Forty patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed for symptoms (SAPS-SANS), trait and state anxiety (STAI) and depression (CDS). Symptoms ratings were summarized as dimensional scores according to a two-, three- or five-dimensional models proposed in the literature. The correlation analysis replicates previous observations that distinct aspects of dysphoria are associated with specific dimensions of schizophrenia, with the exception of disorganization. Moreover, controlling for intercorrelated variables revealed that schizophrenia and dysphoric symptoms might act in combination and/or through indirect links to contribute to illness expression. Our data further suggested that these associations may be best understood in terms of interactions between various processing biases alluded in the most recent cognitive accounts of schizophrenia symptoms.
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PMID:The relationships between symptom dimensions and dysphoria in schizophrenia. 1582 Mar 27

A group of 40 Calabrian centenarians (12 males, 28 females) was studied from June 1 to December 31, 1993. Their age was ranging from 100 to 107 years (mean age: 102.3 +/- 1.8 years). Clinical evaluation was performed by recording anamnestic data, an objective examination, and by assessing cognitive performance, emotional and nutritional status, as well as functional activity. The following tests were applied: mini mental state examination (MMSE), geriatric depression scale (CDS), activity of daily living (ADL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). The nutritional status was estimated by collecting answers to a questionnaire regarding nutritional habits and by measuring body weight, height and calculating body mass index (BMI). In assessment of the socio-economic conditions, the following parameters were considered: years of education, type of job, type of residence ownership, heating system used, toilet set available and the regular income. Our multidimensional evaluation has revealed, in agreement with other findings, that the Calabrian centenarians seem to be a selected population with an amazingly high activity, who overcame severe age-dependent diseases, probably because of their genetic pattern and of the environmental factors which may favor longevity.
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PMID:Multidimensional evaluation in a group of centenarians. 1865 60

The aim of this study is to explore cognitive complaint by investigating the influence of memory controlled processes (recollection) and metacognitive beliefs. Several methodological precautions were taken in order to control neuropsychological and psychopathological criteria, like anxiety, depression or objective memory trouble. The "habit paradigm" (Hay & Jacoby, 1999) was used to create a "memory slips" task, and to estimate the contributions of recollection and habit to performance. Besides, participants were asked to complete questionnaires in order to assess cognitive complaint (CDS) and metacognitive beliefs (MCQ). Results showed that neither cognitive complaint nor metacognitive beliefs differed significantly between young and older persons. However, statistical analysis did show cognitive dissociations in function of cognitive complaint. Finally, depressive affects, memory controlled processes and metacognitive beliefs about the controllability of thoughts appeared as good predictors of memory complaint. In spite of our study limitations, we discuss our results in terms of clinical implications.
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PMID:[Memory controlled processes between the young and old: the birth of cognitive complaint?]. 1986 Sep 63


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