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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to investigate concurrently the psychological and hormonal changes at three critical points during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. One hundred thirteen couples suffering from mechanical and unexplained infertility participated in the study and 23 of them conceived. Psychological evaluation included background questionnaires, Lubin's Depression Adjective Check List, and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety inventory. Cortisol and prolactin levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that patients' anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher than the population norm. Psychological test scores and hormonal levels showed a similar pattern of change, increasing on oocyte retrieval day, decreasing on embryo transfer day, and rising again on pregnancy test day. Differences between these phases were generally significant. Differences in parameters' means between conceiving (C) and nonconceiving (NC) women were generally not significant. However, correlations between psychological measures and hormonal levels showed a clear disparity between C and NC women in the last phase. Whereas significant negative correlations were found in C patients, no relationship was found in NC patients. The findings suggest that success in IVF treatment may depend, in part, on differential modes of coping with anxiety and depression, involving hormonal or endorphin mediation.
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PMID:Psychological and hormonal changes in the course of in vitro fertilization. 162 33

A 36-year-old man with depression, Cushingoid features and hypogonadism was found to have simultaneous pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease and marked elevation of serum prolactin (PRL). CT-scan revealed a macroadenoma with suprasellar extension. Transphenoidal surgery cured the patient's Cushing's disease, but failed to correct his hyperprolactinemia, which was controlled by subsequent bromocriptine therapy. Immunostaining of the pituitary tumor was positive for PRL as well as for ACTH, and ACTH-related peptides beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin in two distinct tumor cell lines. This pituitary tumor is one of the few mixed PRL- and ACTH-secreting tumors documented by immunostaining. It is the second reported in a macroadenoma, in which PRL-secreting tumoral cells are much more abundant than ACTH-secreting cells.
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PMID:Cushing's disease and hyperprolactinemia due to a mixed ACTH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. 165 8

The addition of lithium to the tricyclic antidepressant medication of 23 patients with major depression resulted in an increase in the prolactin response to intravenous L-tryptophan after both four days and four weeks of treatment. The extent of this increase did not distinguish the ten patients who were classified as clinical responders (greater than 50% reduction in score on the HRSD). Among the responders there was a modestly significant correlation between the decrease in score on the HRSD and the enhancement of tryptophan-induced prolactin release. Some responders, however, showed very little change in this endocrine response over the four weeks of lithium treatment. Lithium may increase brain 5-HT function in tricyclic-resistant depression but there is only limited support for the hypothesis that changes in brain 5-HT function are involved in the antidepressant effect of this treatment combination.
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PMID:Lithium in tricyclic-resistant depression. Correlation of increased brain 5-HT function with clinical outcome. 165 18

The present communication studies the testicular function during suspension of the testicle to the scrotal neck. The material consisted of 28 dogs: 20 test dogs and 8 controls. In the 20 test dogs, the 2 testicles were suspended to the skin at the scrotal neck by 2-3 silk stitches. After one year, the testiculo-scrotal suspension was released. During testicular suspension, there was significant drop in the scrotal-rectal temperature difference. Semen quality showed gradual deterioration so that by the 12th month, 80% of the test dogs were azoospermic. There was a significant drop of serum testosterone and elevation of serum prolactin. 8 of the 20 test dogs which produced pregnancy when mated before testicular suspension, failed after suspension. After release of testicular suspension by 3 months, scrotal-rectal temperature difference, sperm count and morphology and hormonal assay showed normal levels. Mating of the same 8 dogs produced pregnancy. In conclusion, testicular suspension leads to spermatogenic depression and infertility which are reversible.
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PMID:Testicular suspension: effect on testicular function. 177 44

Many evidences support the existence of a bilateral connection between the thymic gland and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). In this respect, neurohormones such as the adrenal corticotropin hormone and glucocorticoids cause thymic involution, while the growth hormone and the prolactin upregulate thymic functions. On the other hand, a thymic hormone, the thymosin fraction 5, activates the HPAA, thus closing-up the regulatory loop between immune system and nervous system. In this review, a clinical trial with two thymic hormones (Timostimolina and Thymopentin) in agoraphobic patients with phagocytic dysfunctions is reported. Results obtained indicate that both substances lead to a partial and temporary immunological recovery, since a further depression of phagocytic activities occurs in coincidence with panic attack. The use of alternative immunomodulators in these patients is discussed.
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PMID:Role of thymic hormones in neuroimmunomodulation. Their use in patients with phobic disorders. 177 34

Implantation failure in newly inseminated mice induced by food deprivation was prevented by the presence of an ectopic pituitary graft. Since a pituitary graft in an ectopic site is known to secrete prolactin continuously, it is suggested that suppression of implantation failure in pituitary-grafted females is due to the luteotrophic support provided by the graft. The results provide supportive evidence for the view that depression of hypophysial prolactin is the primary endocrine cause of the nutritional stress-induced implantation failure in mice.
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PMID:Protective effect of ectopic pituitary graft on nutritional stress-induced implantation failure in mice. 179 55

We have investigated whether attenuated growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to L-tryptophan in depression return to normal with clinical recovery. Ten patients who had received intravenous infusions of L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) when depressed were retested at least 3 months after full recovery and cessation of treatment. In recovered depressives growth hormone responses showed considerable recovery, in all but three cases to within a few units of their healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Prolactin responses increased with clinical recovery in all six male subjects. Results in females were inconclusive because of the effect of weight loss on prolactin responses. The results suggest that GH and PRL responses to tryptophan are state-dependent abnormalities rather than indicators of predisposition to depression. This allows the possibility that impaired functioning in systems with a 5HT1A or 5HT1D receptor link may be part of the causal chain in depression.
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PMID:Blunted growth hormone and prolactin responses to L-tryptophan in depression; a state-dependent abnormality. 182 42

Sleep EEG and neuroendocrine disturbances have been described in the acute phase of affective illness. The question arises as to whether these biological marker disturbances are state- or trait-related. This important issue can be addressed by evaluating changes in sleep EEG and neuroendocrine parameters from a chronobiological approach before and after antidepressant treatment. Among the circadian variables explored in affectively ill patients are REM sleep and slow wave sleep, as well as circadian secretion of plasma GH, cortisol, ACTH and prolactin. Our studies show that depressed patients mainly of the unipolar type secrete more GH and cortisol during the circadian period than control subjects do. GH hypersecretion appears mainly during wakefulness while cortisol hypersecretion is observed during the 24 h space. Temporal disorganization of hormonal secretion is also present since an advance of the quiescent period of the ACTH-cortisol rhythm as well as pre-sleep GH spikes were described in our depressed unipolar patients before treatment. After antidepressive treatment, these chronobiological anomalies tend to normalize, as state biological markers. These observations are giving support to the phase-advance hypothesis of depression.
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PMID:Sleep-related chronobiological markers of affective illness. 184 28

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) plasma levels were studied during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in five schizophrenic patients in a simulated ECT (SECT) controlled experimental design. The data were compared to those obtained from a group of 10 depressed patients treated with ECT. In the schizophrenic group, both PRL and TSH increased significantly during ECT compared to SECT, as they did in the depressive group during ECT. Thus, the hormonal TSH and PRL profile during ECT is similar in schizophrenia and depression. It is concluded that the changes in TSH and PRL induced by ECT are specifically linked to the current or the seizure, and are not related to the type of psychopathology.
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PMID:Thyrotropin and prolactin responses to ECT in schizophrenia and depression. 186 62

A very considerable proportion of women, estimated from 50 to 80 per cent, experience a noticeable period of emotional distress, usually mild or transistor, between the third and the tenth day postpartum (postpartum blues: PPB). The onset of this syndrome conform to a practically immutable of timing-symptoms are almost never noted before the third day postpartum (latent period). After this period, in approximately 10 per cent of women, occurs a depression: postpartum depression (PPD), and last to 8 weeks. Neuro endocrine factors in the pathogenesis of postpartum depression is discussed: thyroid, pituitary and adrenal cortex are reviewed. Considerable evidence support that the late postpartum syndromes are associated to psychological stress of childbirth with postpartum decrease of placental steroids, estrogen and progesteron, with high levels of pituitary prolactin.
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PMID:[Neuroendocrine factors in postpartum blues]. 187 Apr 16


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