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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) to long-term ovariectomized adult rats results in a prolonged depression of serum LH levels and in a biphasic decrease of serum prolactin (Prl) titers, but does not modify serum levels of FSH. Consequently, caution should be used when interpretating neuroendocrine results obtained in animals submitted to pentobarbital anesthesia.
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PMID:Effect of pentobarbital on serum levels of LH, FSH and prolactin in long-term ovariectomized rats. 73 54

Prolactin and thyroxine were added to the daily diet of rat pups from weaning to puberty (days 20--40). While prolactin significantly retarted the pups' growth, thyroxine stimulated growth and even compensated for the depression caused by prolactin. The significant retardation in the growth of the prolactin-treated pups around days 30--35 of age indicates that at that period they are extremely prolactin-dependent, thus confirming previous reports that exogenous prolactin inhibits its own endogenous secretion. On the other hand, the possible growth promotion caused by thyroxine is mild and does not initiate a feedback mechanism. This suggests that prolactin is indispensable for the normal development of the weaned, immature rat.
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PMID:Reciprocal effects of prolactin and thyroxine on the growth rate of rat pups from weaning to puberty. 75 83

The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the release of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) were investigated in patients with depression. Intravenous injection of synthetic TRH (500 mug) caused a significant increase in plasma GH (peak value: 7.7 minus 35.0 ng/ml) in 8 of 13 patients with mental depression. After clinical recovery these patients had no response of plasma GH to TRH. TRH administration did not raise plasma GH in normal subjects examined. Plasma PRL responses to TRH were significantly enchanced (P smaller than 0.05) in depressed patients compared with control subjects. Plasma TSH responses to TRH were significantly blunted in patients with depression (P smaller than 0.05). These results suggest disorders in the hypothalamo-pituitary function in depression.
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PMID:Growth hormone and prolactin release after injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with depression. 80 76

Numerous studies show that most depressed patients show abnormal pituitary responses to challenge by intravenous injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Some patients show after TRH diminished thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release, some show unexpected growth hormone release; prolactin release may be increased or decreased. The diminished TSH release is the most widely reported finding. It cannot be accounted for by primary changes in the pituitary or thyroid glands. Interference with TRH-induced TSH release by elevated cortisol may account for some observations, but this possibility has not been studied. The present data provide additional evidence that in depression there is often a disruption of hypothalamic regulatory function.
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PMID:Pituitary responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone in depressed patients: a review. 82 51

The influence of thyroid deficiency and the administration of thyroxine on pituitary-testicular function were studied in male albino rats from weaning age (22 days old) up to 82 days of age. The results showed that the hyperthyroid state induced by a daily injection of 2.5 or 5 microng L-thyroxine resulted in acceleration of growth, a comparative increase in size and number of spermatogenic and interstitial cells, an increase in the STH cells, particularly at the earlier age (42 days old), and in a decrease in the number and size of TSH cells. Gonadotrophic FSH and LH and prolactin cells exhibited an increase in their granular content. The hypothyroid state induced by thyroidectomy or thiourea feeding, at the levels of 0.1 and 0.2% resulted in the depression of growth rate, destructive changes of the spermatogenic and interstitial cells and also in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. A decrease in the STH, gonadotrophic FSH and LH and prolactin cells and hypertrophy of TSH cells accompanied by degranulation were also observed.
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PMID:Pituitary-testicular function changes in hypo- and hyperthyroid male rats. 86 Jun 35

Daily afternoon (at 7 p.m.) injections of melatonin (25 microng in oil) into adult male hamsters for 50 days led to atrophy of the testes and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands) and in a significant depression in pituitary LH and prolactin content and concentration. These actions of melatonin were prevented if the animals had been pinealectomized before the daily melatonin injections were begun. Likewise, if hamsters received a weekly subcutaneous implant of melatonin in beeswax (1 mg melatonin in 24 mg beeswax) the daily melatonin injections failed to inhibit the growth of the reproductive organs and to depress pituitary LH and prolactin levels. Beeswax by itself had no such effect.
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PMID:Subcutaneous melatonin implants inhibit reproductive atrophy in male hamsters induced by daily melatonin injections. 86 46

To determine if serum prolactin levels were correlated with the level of depression in an ambulatory medical clinic population, prolactin was measured by immunoassay in all new medical patients completing the Langer Scale and the Popoff Index of Depression. Thirty-four of 71 patients (48%) were found to be depressed with a positive Popoff Scale. There was no difference in the prolactin levels in the depressed and nondepressed patients, who were matched for age and sex. Thus, depression, as seen in an ambulatory medical population, is not associated with increased prolactin release.
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PMID:Prolactin levels in mild depression. 86 43

Lisuride hydrogen maleate induced stereotyped behaviour in normal as well as in reserpinized mice. It antagonized the motor depression and hypothermia induced by reserpine. On i.p. administration the compound was about as effective as apomorphine and D-amphetamine. As with apomorphine and in contrast to D-amphetamine the effects of lisuride hydrogen maleate in reserpinized mice were not impaired by additional treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester. In untreated mice, the substance was very potent in lowering body temperature with significant hypothermia measured after dosages as low as 0.10 mg/kg i.p. Occurrence of stereotyped behaviour and hypothermia could be prevented by the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol. From these data it is concluded that lisuride hydrogen maleate in addition to its interaction with serotoninergic systems is a potent dopaminergic agonist with a probably direct action on dopaminergic receptors. Further arguments in support of such an action of lisuride hydrogen maleate are, in addition to biochemical data, its serum prolactin lowering effect in rats, its strong emetic action in dogs and its effects on rat behaviour.
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PMID:Direct dopaminergic action of lisuride hydrogen maleate, an ergot derivative, in mice. 94 66

The effects of large doses of estrogen on prolactin (PRL) release were assessed. Circulating PRL levels in response to intravenous infusion of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), at a rate of 50 mug per hour for 4 hours, were studied in 10 subjects, and a chronic administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE) at a dose of 400 mug per day, for 1 week, was evaluated in five hypogonadal subjects. There was a significant depression of serum level of PRL during the E2 infusion and a significant increase in PRL release after discontinuation of the infusion. The chronic treatment of large doses of EE induced a more rapid (within 36 hours) and a significantly greater elevation of PRL levels at the end of 1 week treatment than those found during smaller doses of EE administration, as reported previously. These data suggest that acute treatment of estrogen may have a biphasic action on the pituitary PRL section and that the augmentatory effect of estrogen on PRL secretion is dose-dependent in human beings.
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PMID:Effects of large doses of estrogen on prolactin and growth hormone release. 98 83

The effects of bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNA) were studied in male rats. In contrast to data reported by others, hyperphagia and obesity were not observed following VNA lesions. Indeed, except for a depression during the first three postoperative days, food intake (FI) of the VNA lesioned animals (VNAL) was normal. Interestingly, the body weight (BW) of the VNAL was significantly reduced compared to the controls, and a pair feeding study indicated that this depression of BW was not due to their FI. Computation of FI per metabolic size showed that the VNAL actually had a significantly increased FI compared to the controls. After a two day fast the VNAL lost more metabolic size than controls and upon refeeding they defended their pre-fast BW. The VNAL rats showed normal body composition and circulating glucose, insulin and prolactin. They had reduced free fatty acids, triglycerides, growth hormone and body length. The data suggest that the mesencephalon influences BW set point, some metabolites and possibly overall metabolism.
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PMID:Mesencephalic lesions resulting in normophagia, reduced weight and altered metabolism. 99 50


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