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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of melatonin on serum prolactin levels were examined in ovariectomized rats primed with oestradiol and progesterone, and subjected to bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy or pinealectomy. Ganglionectomy resulted in a significant depression of the serum prolactin concentrations, as well as in impairment of the prolactin release evoked by administration of steroid. Treatment with melatonin increased serum prolactin in control but not in ganglionectomized rats. Injection of melatonin protentiated the steroid-induced release of prolactin in control rats; this effect of melatonin was not detected in ganglionectomized rats. Pinealectomy did not affect basal prolactin levels, nor impair the release of prolactin evoked by steroid treatment; however, it was effective in blocking the melatonin-induced release of prolactin in vehicle-treated rats, as well as the potentiation of steroid-induced prolactin release by melatonin. Intracranial surgery by itself increased prolactin release. These results suggest that systemically administered melatonin needs an intact pineal gland to augment serum prolactin levels.
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PMID:Failure of melatonin to increase serum prolactin levels in ovariectomized rats subjected to superior cervical ganglionectomy or pinelaectomy. 49 86

Urinary and blood hormonal profiles were studied throughout a monthly cycle in a patient with familial breast cancer. Two comparison cohorts (one high-risk and one low-risk) were studied concurrently. Findings disclosed that our breast cancer-affected patient showed a distinctive hormonal pattern characterized by significant elevation throughout the cycle of plasma estrone, estradiol, and prolactin. Save for a depression in plasma FSH in the early follicular phase, this hormone, as wells as LH and progesterone patterns in our patient, were similar to the comparison cohorts. Urinary estrone and estradiol patterns in our patient were elevated early in the follicular phase. Our patient also showed a depression in urinary estrone, estradiol, and estriol following ovulation, which persisted throughout the luteal phase. Blood and urinary hormone patterns in the high-risk cohort were not demonstrably different from the low-risk cohort, with the exception of plasma prolactin. The results on the latter hormone showed an unexpected significant depression throughout most of the menstrual cycle in this low-risk cohort. We conclude that estrone and estradiol elevations, as clearly evidenced in our breast-cancer-affected patient, may provide clues that ultimately might be used as an etiologic discriminant for breast cancer risk and which may also play a pathogenic role in this disease. Since this involved a single patient, our conclusions must be interpreted cautiously.
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PMID:Endocrine profile in a patient with familial breast cancer: a case-control study. 49 52

In the teleost, Fundulus grandis, injections of prolactin early in the light phase cause an immediate 50% depression in the rate of hepatic lipogenesis ([14C]acetate incorporation); 10 h later, that rate has returned to levels not different from controls. Injections of prolactin late in the light phase cause an even more dramatic immediate depression of lipogenesis (79%) followed by a gradual increase in lipogenic rate which is 2.6 times higher than the control rate after 24 h. The stimulation of lipogenesis by prolactin is blocked by simultaneous treatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. These circadian phase-dependent effects of prolactin on hepatic lipogenesis are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms of action exerted by endogenous prolactin rhythms.
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PMID:Circadian phase-dependent prolactin mechanisms in hepatic lipogenesis of a teleost. 51 47

A double-blind comparison was made of the effects of testosterone undecanoate (TU) and placebo on sexual potency of 29 impotent men ages 45--75. The main criteria for inclusion in the study were a reduced or nonexistent capacity to have an erection during intercourse and no clinical signs of endocrinological pathology. All patients received placebo for 2 weeks. Then TU was given at a daily dose of 120 mg to 13 patients selected at random while the other patients continued to receive placebo. After 8 weeks all patients received placebo again for 2 weeks. An improvement in sexual potency was reported by five patients given TU and eight patients given placebo, with no significant differences between the groups. Treatment with TU influenced neither the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as judged by levels of prolactin, LH, FSH, and the LHRH-induced LH/FSH response, nor depression, anxiety, and somatic scores or performance tests. The only specific effect of TU treatment was to decrease the total plasma testosterone level. The present findings show pharmacotherapy with androgens to be no more effective than placebo in restoring sexual potency to sexually impotent men without androgen deficiency. Further studies may be needed to elucidate fully the effects of androgen administration on psychological and endocrinological variables in such patients.
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PMID:Effects of testosterone undecanoate on sexual potency and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of impotent males. 51 86

In the normal subject, hypoprolactinic agents have a dose-dependent effect on the fall in prolactin (PRL). The depression of the secretion of progesterone is proportional to the inhibition of PRL. Certain hyperprolactinic substances do not alter pituitary-ovarian function. Others induce a luteal deficiency. The prolactinic profile of ovarian function without galactorrhoea is inconstant. There is no precise link between the possibility of inducing ovulation and PRL levels. Galactorrhoea without amenorrhoea is often accompanied by a normal PRL. By contrast, a high PRL, whilst not necessarily causing galactorrhoea, is usually accompanied by hypo-oestrogenic amenorrhoea (normo- or hypo-gonadaotrophic). Puerperal lactation results in a state of relative hyperprolactinaemia, which does not prevent relatively rapid restoration of FSH gonadotrophic function, to which the ovary fails to respond. Artificial weaning by bromocriptine permits a more rapid return of pituitary-ovarian function than natural weaning. Amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea is characterised by a PRL level which is abnormally high or at the upper limit of normal, and FSH gonadotrophic and ovarian/oestrogenic function which is abnormally low or at the lower limit of normal. LH gonadotrophic function and the ovarian production of progesterone are diminished.
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PMID:[Interferences between prolactin and ovarian function (author's transl)]. 56 18

Twenty-four-hour rhythms of serum prolactin (PRL) levels were studied in seven depressive patients. Blood was collected through an indwelling catheter and the PRL level was determined by homologous double antibody radioimmunoassay. Findings showed a different pattern of secretion of prolactin among depressives as compared to the normal 24-hour rhythm of the hormone. A statistically significant elevation of PRL levels during the evening, several hours before sleep, was found. Morning PRL levels were slightly higher and the average increase of PRL level from one determination to the consecutive one was higher among the depressives. It is assumed that there may be a connection between the diurnal rhythmicity of mood, characteristic of vital depression, and the different 24-hour rhythmicity of PRL level.
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PMID:Twenty-four-hour rhythm of prolactin depressive patients. 57 6

The hormonal response of the anterior pituitary was studied in 10 normal males undergoing treadmill exercise testing, in 5 male patients undergoing diagnostic gastroscopy, and in 8 male patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Serum TSH was depressed below the baseline value at 2 and 3 h post-treadmill exercise, at 1, 2 and 3 h post-gastroscopy and from 10 min through 2 h post-surgery. Serum triiodothyronine was depressed below the baseline value at 10 min through 2 h post-surgery. Serum prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol were elevated by all three stressful procedures. Both gastroscopy and surgery resulted in an elevation of serum luteinizing hormone levels. There was no significant change in serum FSH levels in any of the three procedures. The post-stress depression in TSH levels could result from the suppressive effect at the hypothalamic-pituitary level of high serum levels of cortisol generated by the stress of the procedures.
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PMID:The effect of stressful diagnostic studies and surgery on anterior pituitary hormone release in man. 57 11

Male rats were raised from birth in either continuous light (LL) or in 14 h light/10 h dark per day (LD) at 22 +/- 1 degree C. Food and water were administered ad libitum. Groups of rats were killed by decapitation at 14, 20, 25, 35, 41, 45, 51, 55, 58, 63, and 79 days of age. Testicular (TW), ventral prostate (VPW), and seminal vesicle (SVW) weights were measured. Serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and androgens were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Results indicate no significant change in TW or spermatogenesis. Spermatozoa were first seen in the lumen of 10% of seminiferous tubules at 35 days of age in both LD and LL rats and by 42 days of age, 80% of tubules from both LD and LL rats contained spermatozoa in the lumen. A highly significant depression in accessory structure development (VPW, SVW) was observed as a result of LL exposure. Serum FSH levels in LL rats were depressed on days 45, 51, 55, and 58 but elevated at 79. Serum PRL concentrations were elevated in LL rats on days 41, 55, 58, 63, and 79, whereas serum androgen levels were depressed on days 58, 63, and 79. Results suggest that exposure to LL results in delayed maturation of the accessory structures in the reproductive system of the male rat possibly as a result of reduced FSH or elevated PRL levels, which in turn may modify the rate and pattern of LH and/or androgen secretion.
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PMID:Sexual maturation of male rats in continuous light. 62 41

In 183 out patients of our department FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone were measured in one single serum sample. In 43 of these, measurements were done prior and 30 min after injection of LH-RH and TRH. An analysis of the ejaculate was performed in each case. If prolactin levels are grouped according to sperm count or testosterone levels, means of prolactin do not differ significantly between these groups. Some individual levels exceed the normal range. The TRN stimulated prolactin levels are lowered when related to high testosterone levels. Significantly statistical correlations do not exist. Mean FSH levels show a clear depression related to high sperm counts and high testosterone levels. A significantly statistical correlation is found between FSH, LH and prolactin levels each. Determination of prolactin in patients with fertility disturbances may be helpful to detect a hyperprolactinemia, which possibly causes inhibition of the spermatognesis.
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PMID:[Prolaction level in the serum of patients with disorders of spermatogenesis]. 63 89

DELTA1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC), a highly lipid soluble and active principle of cannabis, was injected each day (25 mg/kg) s.c. in mice from the estimated 13th day of pregnancy. Delta1-THC-treated mice showed no increase in the wet weight or DNA content of their mammary glands during the period of investigation from before parturition until the 12th day post-partum. A marked increase in mammary-gland lipoprotein lipase activity w,s found in control mice at parturition and this was suppressed by delta1-THC. Prolactin rose to a peak level in plasma earlier in lactation in the control mice than in the delta1-THC-treated mice. This delayed rise in plasma prolactin due to delta1-THC may account for the depression of mammary gland growth and development by the drug and for the delay in the appearance of high activities of lipoprotein lipase until later in lactation.
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PMID:The effects of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol on mammary gland growth, enzyme activity and plasma prolactin levels in the mouse. 69 71


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