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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Simultaneous elaboration of motor conditioned responses to perceived (PSS) and nonperceived (NSS) sound stimuli was carried out in humans. Development and extinction of electrographic components (skin galvanic response and depression of background rhythmical activity) of the orienting response to NSS was going on significantly slower than that to PSS. The same relations were observed during formation of temporary connections with participation of PSS and NSS being reflected in a more expressed EEG depression reaction in the hemisphere participating in conditioned motor performance. The data obtained are discussed from the point of view of the hypothesis of relative independence of processes of formation of reactions to PSS and NSS even of the same modality.
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PMID:[Formation and development of temporary connections with participation of unconscious and conscious stimuli]. 650 64

The aim of the study was to evaluate how far women are satisfied with their family function to compare the obtained results with the perception of a global stress (S. Cohen PSS) by the women under study and their mental health (D. Goldberg GHQ-28). The study was aided by the Family APGAR Index (designed by G. Smilkstein) used for the first time in Poland. A group of women (n = 98; mean age = 38) with different levels of education and subdivided into four occupational categories was selected for the study. About 75% of women were married and 80% of them had children. The results obtained differ significantly as far as general assessment and individual indicators are concerned. In 16% of women, the results suggest a serious dysfunction of their families. There are distinct differences between individual occupational groups. The general assessment of family function was significantly correlated with the estimate of the global stress (-31), with the total estimate (-26), as well as with the individual indicators of mental health--especially anxiety and sleeplessness (-33) and depression (-29). Women's satisfaction from the function of their families has, therefore, proved to be a significant factor contributing to lower level of the global stress and constituting a barrier against the occurrence of mental health disturbances.
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PMID:The Family APGAR Index: study on relationship between family function, social support, global stress and mental health perception in women. 792 99

This study evaluated post-treatment performance and quality of life (QOL) outcome in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with organ preservation, intensive chemoradiotherapy (FHX). Participants were 47 Stage II-IV HNC patients with no evidence of disease at least one year post-completion of organ preservation, concomitant FHX treatment. Patients were assessed via a semi-structured in-person interview, standardized measures of QOL (FACT-H&N, CES-D), performance (PSS-HN) and patients' perception of residual side effects. Disease, treatment and toxicity data were retrieved from medical charts and protocol records. The most salient performance impairment was inability to eat a normal solid food diet, with 50% of patients able to eat soft foods or take liquids only. This specific functional deficit was not related to global QOL, nor to specific quality of life dimensions. Dry mouth, the most frequent and severe residual effect, was not associated with outcome diet, depression or QOL. Residual pain, seen in only 15% of patients, appeared to influence both functional and QOL parameters as well as being a marker for other troublesome symptoms. Twenty-three per cent of patients were depressed; depression was associated with past problems related to alcohol abuse. Decreased QOL and increased depressive symptomatology were related to total number and severity of residual effects. The data highlight the importance of systematic study of QOL dimensions and caution against making assumptions about patients' experience of particular disease and treatment sequelae.
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PMID:Performance and quality of life outcome in patients completing concomitant chemoradiotherapy protocols for head and neck cancer. 922 85

This Article aims to introduce the translation and the validation of a multidimensional measure of coping strategies: the Brief COPE, in a French population. The coping concept comes from psychological studies that were conducted on stress. In the conceptual analysis of stress by Lazarus and Folkman, coping works with two cognitive appraisals performed by the person concerning the perception of a threatening situation and his or her available resources to deal with it. Coping is defined as "cognitive and behavioural efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the internal and/or external demands that are created by the stressful transaction". The Brief COPE is the abridged version of the COPE inventory and presents fourteen scales all assessing different coping dimensions: 1) active coping, 2) planning, 3) using instrumental support, 4) using emotional support, 5) venting, 6) behavioural disengagement, 7) self-distraction, 8) self-blame, 9) positive reframing, 10) humor, 11) denial, 12) acceptance, 13) religion, and 14) substance use. Each scale contains two items (28 altogether). This inventory has the advantage of being built from acknowledged theoretical models (Lazarus' transactional model of stress, 1984; behavioral self-regulation model, Carver and Scheier, 1981, 1998). It can be used to assess trait coping (the usual way people cope with stress in everyday life) and state coping (the particular way people cope with a specific stressful situation). As is the COPE inventory, the Brief COPE is a measure used for many health-relevant studies: drugs addiction, ageing, breast cancer, depression, AIDS. Both measures are widely used in Anglophone countries and translated in many Languages. Today, the COPE inventory has been validated among Estonian, Croatian, Chinese, and Italian populations and the Brief COPE is also validated among Spanish people. Thus, the worldwide use of this coping inventory should allow a broad comparison of medical and psychological research for coping strategies regarding every kind of pathologies. Thus, we were led to present the translation and the validation of this measure in a French population. Two studies are presented in this Article: the first one describes the validation of the inventory in a dispositional format (trait coping) and the second one the validation of the inventory in a situational format (state coping). The French version of Brief COPE, which was used for both studies, was back-translated and analysed by the Brief COPE Author: Charles S. Carver. For study 1, 834 first Year university students answered the Brief COPE in its dispositional format. To study the factor structure of the Brief COPE, we used structural equation modeling and the LISREL software. Results show that the expected theoretical structure and the observed one fit adequately (c2=606, p<0,05, RMSEA=0,04, GFI>0,95, AGFI>0,92, RMR<0,03). In order to study convergent and discriminant validity of Brief COPE, self-esteem (SEI, Rosenberg, 1979), perceived stress (PSS, Cohen et al., 1983), and psychological distress (GHQ-12, Goldberg, 1972) measures were used. Results show that functional coping strategies (eg, active coping) are linked to good self-esteem, to lower perceived stress, and to lower psychological distress, whereas less functional strategies (eg, denial or self-blame) are widely linked to poor self-esteem, to a high perceived stress, and to psychological distress. Study 1 shows also several significant gender differences. Study 2 describes the Brief COPE validation in its situational format. 178 additional students answered this version. The method that was used is the same the one developed by Lazarus and his colleagues for the WCC validation. Participants were asked to recall and think about the most stressful event they had experienced during the past two Months. They were also to give an account of how much that situation mattered to them. They had to evaluate their capacity to control the situation and indicated whether they felt the situation was amenable to change. The study includes only peoples only people who labeled an event as "important" or "very important". Here again LISREL was used to study the factor structure of the Brief COPE. The results emphasise - as in study 1 - that the expected theoretical structure and the observed one fit adequately (c2=391, p<0,05, RMSEA<0,05, GFI=0,87, AGFI=0,80, RMR<0,06). Differences among means showed how the perceived control of the situation and how the perception of its favourable evolution influenced the coping strategies used (eg, humour or denial). Results in both studies indicate good psychometric properties for the Brief COPE in its French version, whatever the format (ie, dispositional or situational). Thus French searchers have a relevant tool on hand to measure as accurately as possible the coping strategies someone used in everyday life (strategies interfering on health, on a long scale), or in distressful situations (eg, serious illness, traumas). The fact that this easy-to-use coping measure is worldwide spread among medical and psychological studies allows a better broadcast and comparison of results whatever the pathology.
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PMID:[Multidimensional assessment of coping: validation of the Brief COPE among French population]. 1502 85

Olanzapine is a new atypical antipsychotic drug acting on different receptors. A variety of pharmacologic effects are responsible for toxicity and the variety of clinical symptoms seen in overdose: tachycardia, agitation or aggression, dysarthria, extrapyramidal dystonic effects, sedation or coma, small pupils, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension. A retrospective analysis of clinical course of eight acute olanzapine intoxication treated at the Department of Clinical Toxicology Jagiellonian University Medical College is presented. CNS symptoms manifested in fluctuations between somnolence/coma and agitation/aggression and miosis were observed in most of the patients. Increased CPK activity was stated in the most of patients. All of the patients recovered, poisoning severity according PSS was moderate and severe.
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PMID:[Clinical course of acute poisoning with olanzapine]. 1622 3

Psychosocial factors play an important role in the course of adult atopic dermatitis (AD). Nevertheless, AD patients are rarely treated for their psychosomatic concerns. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a brief self-rating scale for adult AD in order to aid dermatologists in evaluating psychosocial factors during the course of AD. A preliminary scale assessing stress-induced exacerbation, the secondary psychosocial burden, and attitude toward treatment was developed and administered to 187 AD patients (82 male, 105 female, aged 28.4 +/- 7.8, 13-61). Severity of skin lesions and improvement with standard dermatological treatment were assessed by both the dermatologist and the participant. Measures of anxiety and depression were also determined. In addition, psychosomatic evaluations were made according to the Psychosomatic Diagnostic Criteria for AD. Factor analysis resulted in the development of a 12-item scale (The Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis; PSS-AD) consisting of three factors: (i) exacerbation triggered by stress; (ii) disturbances due to AD; and (iii) ineffective control. Internal consistency indicated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.86 for the entire measure, 0.82 for (i), 0.81 for (ii), and 0.77 for (iii), verifying the acceptable reliability of PSS-AD. Patients with psychosomatic problems had higher PSS-AD scores than those without. PSS-AD scores were positively associated with the severity of the skin lesions, anxiety and depression. The scores were negatively associated with improvement during dermatological treatments. In conclusion, PSS-AD is a simple and reliable measure of the psychosomatic pathology of adult AD patients. It may be useful in dermatological practice for screening patients who would benefit from psychological or psychiatric interventions.
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PMID:Development and validation of the psychosomatic scale for atopic dermatitis in adults. 1684 15

The total of 178 firefighters from the Littoral Mountainous County, the Republic of Croatia, have undergone psychotestings in three groups--99 professionals from city Rijeka, 44 professionals from suburb and 35 volunteers from suburb. The scores of PSS 10 Cohen Stress Perception Scale, COPE questionnaire, STAI X1 anxiety test as condition and STAI X2 anxiety test as trait personality and Beck Depression Inventory were analyzed. The results have shown that firefighters do not suffer from negative effects of stress. There is slight anxiety as condition in city firefighters and medium anxiety as trait personality in all firemen. All firefighters are often problem-oriented, need only occasionally compassion of environment and sometimes react by avoiding to face stress. They differ significantly by depression (p < 0.001), which is negligible in relation to ordinary population. "Working anxiety", i.e. medium anxiety which is a distinctive trait of their personality becomes the necessary initiator of functioning in the most difficult working conditions.
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PMID:Examining psychic consequences in firefighters exposed to stress. 1784 22

This article aims to validate the factorial structure of the perceived stress scale (PSS10) within the French working population. The analyses conducted confirmed the presence of two distinct factors, interpreted in terms of perceived work overload and perceived personal efficacy. Both factors presented good internal consistency and adequate validity of construct. The authors show and illustrate the predicted link between the two factors and the levels of anxiety and depression. Thus, the PSS 10 is a bi-dimensional scale with satisfactory psychometric proprieties. The results are discussed in the light of their theoretical and practical implications.
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PMID:[Factorial validation of the French scale for perceived stress in the workplace]. 2010 15

The hypothesis that psychometric instruments incorporating local idioms of distress predict functional impairment in a non-Western, war-affected population above and beyond translations of already established instruments was tested. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the War-Related Psychological and Behavioral Problems section of the Penn/RESIST/Peradeniya War Problems Questionnaire (PRPWPQ; N. Jayawickreme, Jayawickreme, Goonasekera, & Foa, 2009), a measure that incorporates local idioms of distress, using data from 197 individuals living in Northern and Eastern Sri Lanka. Three subscales--Anxiety, Depression, and Negative Perception--were identified. Regression analyses were conducted to test whether these 3 subscales better predicted functional impairment than the PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS; Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck & Steer, 1987), both widely used self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, respectively. Two of the 3 subscales from the PRPWPQ--Anxiety and Depression--were significantly associated with higher rates of functional impairment after controlling for age, the PSS and the BDI. After the inclusion of PRPWPQ, the PSS and the BDI did not significantly contribute to the final regression model predicting functional impairment. These findings suggest that the scores of measures with local idioms of distress have incremental validity in non-Western war-affected populations, predicting functional impairment above and beyond translations of established self-report measures that have been developed in the Western world.
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PMID:Are culturally specific measures of trauma-related anxiety and depression needed? The case of Sri Lanka. 2242 6

Background Parents' stress resulting from hospitalization of their infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) produces emotional and behavioral responses. The National Institutes of Health-sponsored Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) offers a valid and efficient means of assessing parents' responses. Objective To examine the relationship of stress to anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disruption among parents of infants hospitalized in the NICU. Methods Thirty parents completed the Parental Stressor Scale (PSS:NICU) containing subscales for NICU Sights and Sounds, Infant Behavior and Appearance, and Parental Role Alteration, and the PROMIS anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbance short-form instruments. Results PSS total score was significantly correlated with anxiety (r = 0.61), depression (r = 0.36), and sleep disturbance (r = 0.60). Scores for NICU Sights and Sounds were not significantly correlated with parents' outcomes; however, scores for Alteration in Parenting Role were correlated with all 4 outcomes, and scores for Infant Appearance were correlated with all except fatigue. Conclusion Stress experienced by parents of NICU infants is associated with a concerning constellation of physical and emotional outcomes comprising anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disruption.
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PMID:Parents' responses to stress in the neonatal intensive care unit. 2390 69


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