Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In normal rabbits and mice, one i.v. injection of scarlet fever toxin (ET) (30 000 STD per kg of rabbit weight or 20-g mouse) elicited a similar biphasic change in carbon clearance rate - early depression followed by a stimulating phase - as has been described for Gram-negative endotoxins. Prolonged depression without a subsequent stimulation phase was obtained in mice by raising the ET dose. The reasons of the discrepancy between these findings and those of Hanna and Watson (1965b) are discussed. Pyrogenic tolerance to ET is not accompanied by accelerated carbon clearance and is not impaired by RES blockade. A possible mechanism of ET tolerance is suggested.
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PMID:Effect of scarlet fever toxin on the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system. 39 97

Although the availability of antibiotics has reduced the general incidence of donovanosis, the disease remains prevalent in India, Papua New Guinea, parts of southern Africa, and the West Indies. Clinical variants of this sexually transmitted disease include ulcerogranulomatous, hyertrophic, necrotic, and cicatrical. Described here is the case of a 20-year-old Zulu female who developed donovanosis with hypertrophic and ulcerogranulomatous lesions during the third trimester of pregnancy. When the patient presented at 36 weeks, she reported a 10-week history of vaginal ulceration and a 6-week history of swelling in the inguinal region. The ulcerative lesion, located at the introitus, had raised edges 2 cm in diameter, while the dry keloidal-like lesion 2 x 4 cm was present in the inguinal region. This is the first reported case of a combination of two variants of donovanosis in one individual. Histologic examination revealed mildly acanthotic surface squamous epithelium with underlying granulation tissue containing plasma cells, lymphocytes, pockets of neutrophils, and scattered histiocytic cells. Donovan bodies with the typical safety pin appearance were demonstrated by a Giemsa stained tissue smear. Treatment with 500 mg of erythromycin twice daily for 2 weeks resolved the disease. Both the incidence and severity of donovanosis appear to increase during late pregnancy, presumably because of depression of lymphocyte proliferative responses.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) in pregnancy. 178 39

The present study was planned to investigate whether the sum of ST segment depression in 12-lead electrocardiogram (sigma STD) in relation to change in heart rate (delta HR) during exercise, sigma STD/delta HR index, could be utilized to predict the extent of underlying coronary artery disease. Two hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients were included in this study, 191 men and 35 women, aged 28-74 years (mean 56). Patients were classified into two groups. Group I consisted of 165 patients with either no coronary disease, single or double vessel disease. Group II included 61 patients with triple vessel or left main stem stenosis. It was found that the sigma STD/delta HR index at 25 mm. beat-1 X min. 10(2) provided the best separation between Groups I and II patients. All but 3 of the 61 patients in Group II had a sigma STD/delta HR index greater than 25. In contrast, all but 4 of the 165 patients in Group I had an index less than 25. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in the identification of Group II patients by using the index were 95%, 98% and 94% respectively. Utilization of ST segment depression of greater than or equal to 2 mm in a VF alone as a test criterion for the recognition of Group II patients had a low sensitivity (41%), specificity (88%) and positive predictive value (56%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The value of sum of ST segment depression in 12-lead electrocardiogram in relation to change in heart rate during exercise to predict the extent of coronary artery disease. 363 21

Twenty HIV positive and 68 HIV negative subjects were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and by the Alcohol and Drugs Frequency Schedule immediately prior to notification of their HIV serostatus and 6 months after serodiagnosis. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in levels of anxiety or depression at baseline or follow-up. There were borderline levels of pathological anxiety prior to notification of HIV serostatus in both groups. The drop to normal levels of anxiety which had occurred by follow-up was significant in the HIV positive group. About a third of subjects in both groups were regularly making use of alcohol and/or drugs, both at baseline and follow-up. Mean levels of weekly alcohol intake for both groups ranged from about 20 to 30 units per week. The drugs most commonly used (in any frequency) were nitrates ('poppers') and cannabis.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Long-term impact of HIV diagnosis on mood and substance use--St Stephen's cohort study. 794 53

The American Social Health Association (ASHA) surveyed people with human papillomavirus (HPV) about their experiences with the disease and its effect on their lives. A sample of 837 was chosen from the subscribers to HPV News, ASHA's quarterly journal for people with HPV. Of the sample, 489 returned completed surveys, which addressed medical history, health care experiences, personal impact, and demographic information. Data analysis was descriptive. Data illustrated that the psychosocial impact of HPV can be serious. More than three-quarters of respondents reported feelings of depression and anger, and two-thirds feelings of shame. Sexual enjoyment and activity were also negatively affected by HPV. Additionally, respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the diagnosing health care providers' counselling on emotional and sexual issues. These results may be instructive to those delivering health services by providing insight into the significant personal impact of HPV on those infected.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:The psychosocial impact of human papillomavirus infection: implications for health care providers. 879 82

We aim to assess the age-related differences in psychological stress and depression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Prospective, longitudinal, observational study of patients with HIV followed at a university affiliated VA Medical Center. Fifty-six consecutive patients with HIV infection aged 19-68 were studied. Data on demographics, living arrangements, education, employment, income, social, religious, and community support, medical status, psychological stress, depression, and coping was assessed at baseline and every 6 months. Instruments for psychological testing included Beck Depression Inventory, Profile Mood Status (POMS) scale and ways of coping scale (inventory of coping with illness scale). Sixty-nine per cent (38/56) of the patients were older than 35 years of age. Older patients exhibited significantly greater emotional and psychological stress; the mean POMS score for older patients was 56.8 as compared to 21.5 for younger patients (P = 0.004). Older patients had significantly greater depression (P = 0.001), higher tension and anxiety (P = 0.005), greater anger and hostility (P = 0.03), greater confusion and bewilderment (P = 0.01), and more fatigue (P = 0.003) as compared with younger patients. Older patients were significantly more likely to have intravenous drug use as an HIV risk factor (P = 0.02), less likely to be employed (P = 0.005), and more likely to use non-traditional therapies (P = 0). Intravenous drug use was an independent predictor of psychological stress in older patients. Patients with HIV, older than 35 years of age, are significantly more likely to suffer from depression and psychological stress; intravenous drug use was an independent predictor of stress. Interventions for the treatment of depression should be especially sought in this subgroup of patients with HIV.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Apr
PMID:Psychological stress and depression in older patients with intravenous drug use and human immunodeficiency virus infection: implications for intervention. 914 58

Findings are reported from 1780 young male clients of the California Office of Family Planning's Expanded Teen Counseling Program's (ETCP) family planning clinics during 1992-94 on their sexual behavior, contraceptive use, pregnancy and parenting history, and psychosocial characteristics. 37% were Hispanic, 30% White, 18% Black, 12% Asian, and 6% members of other racial or ethnic groups. 14% were aged 14 years or younger, 50% were aged 15-17, and 36% were aged 18-19. 9% reported having Medicaid insurance and 3% received Aid to Families with Dependent Children. 31% of the young men reported going to the clinic in search of a birth control method, 27% to determine whether they were infected with an STD, 26% for a physical exam, 22% because their partner or girlfriend wanted them to, and 15% for information or someone to talk to. 88% reported recent episodes or symptoms of depression and 23% were having problems in school. 86% were currently sexually active, with 48% of those sexually active being age 14 or younger when they had their first sexual encounter. 73% reported using a condom at first sexual intercourse, while 12% had never used a contraceptive method. 50% reported using a condom the last time they had sexual intercourse, 71% of condom users reported being comfortable with the method, 21% had impregnated a partner and 8% were parents, and 25% reported having 4 or more sex partners during the past 6 months. 9% reported ever having an STD, 31% reported being always or sometimes high on alcohol or drugs during sex, and 6% reported having been forced or tricked into having sex. The odds were reduced that a client had used an effective method at last intercourse if he was uncomfortable with that method. The likelihood of contraceptive use at last intercourse was increased among males who agreed with their partner about their method and those who had never impregnated a partner.
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PMID:A profile of the adolescent male family planning client. 956 70

Our objectives were to evaluate tolerance and compliance of post-exposure triple therapy in health-care workers (HCWs) by retrospective observational study. Structured telephone interview of HCWs identified through data from antiretroviral prescribing centres. Twenty HCWs who received triple prophylaxis were identified over one year. Sixteen agreed to participate in the study. All but one source patient had documented HIV infection. Half HCWs were not aware of post-exposure therapy. Most HCWs received a zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir combination. All completed at least 4 weeks of therapy. Only 50% received their first dosage less than 4 h after exposure. Nearly all experienced adverse events, mostly digestive (nausea and abdominal pain n=15) or psychological (anxiety and depression n=15), none resulting in therapy discontinuation. Most events occurred 2 to 7 days after therapy initiation. Most modified their sexual life with abstinence or condom use. Compliance was excellent. Half HCWs did not miss any tablet, 4 forgot one dosing a month and 4 one dosing a week. Follow up is over 6 months in all but one HCW. No HIV seroconversion has been observed to date. In France, post-exposure triple antiretroviral therapy is widely available 24 h a day in every emergency room but further training and development of HCWs is needed to decrease consulting time and increase referral to specialized physicians. Notable moderate adverse events, both physical and psychological are noted, however, compliance is excellent.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Oct
PMID:Tolerance, compliance and psychological consequences of post-exposure prophylaxis in health-care workers. 981 9

The aim was to determine the association between frequency of alcohol use in the past 30 days and HIV-related risk behaviours among adults in an African-American community. Data were collected by trained street outreach workers, from 522 persons in 4 areas selected on the basis of 7 health and criminal justice indicators of high risk for HIV, STD and substance abuse, and drug-related arrests. A survey assessed demographics, substance use, sexual behaviour, HIV knowledge, attitudes and depression. Subjects reporting using drugs other than alcohol (n=201) were excluded from analyses to avoid the confounding influence of polysubstance use. Of the remaining 321 subjects (mean age=37.1; 58.5% were male), 43.6% reported no alcohol use in the past 30 days, with 37.4% and 19.0%, respectively, having used alcohol < =15 days and = > 16 days in the past 30 days. Alcohol use frequency (no alcohol, 1-15 days, 16-30 days in past month) was significantly associated with being male, STD history, non-use of condoms, higher perceived risk of HIV, lower condom use self-efficacy, multiple sex partners in the past 30 days, and lower HIV-related knowledge. Frequent alcohol use, in the absence of other drugs, is associated with higher levels of HIV risk behaviours. Though an underserved population with respect to HIV prevention and, given the prevalence of alcohol use, the findings suggest that programmes need to target frequent alcohol users to reduce their HIV-associated risk behaviours and enhance HIV risk-reduction knowledge and attitudes associated with the adoption of HIV prevention practices.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Oct
PMID:Frequency of alcohol use and its association with STD/HIV-related risk practices, attitudes and knowledge among an African-American community-recruited sample. 981 13

Condom promotion remains the primary method of HIV prevention for sexually active couples. Measurement of condom use--essential for the evaluation of AIDS prevention programs--is impeded, however, by factors such as self-report bias, participation bias, test-retest reliability problems, social desirability responses, and memory error. Standardized methodology in studies where condom use is the dependent variable would allow for more accurate calculation of effect size and enable application of meta-analytical tools needed to avoid Type II errors. Recommended, to improve measurement of condom use, are the following: 1) separate measurement of condom use for receptive and insertive partners; 2) consideration of the multiple contingencies that exist for a participant to adopt long-term condom use for HIV prevention; 3) recognition that the person must be able to negotiate within the confines of competing threats to survival (e.g., violent reprisals); 4) use of intent to conceive a child as a covariate; 5) requirement that the person is motivated by the threat of HIV rather than by pregnancy prevention or prevention of the spread of an existing STD; 6) determination of the participation of the sex partners in the decision to use condoms for HIV prevention; 7) account for temporal factors such as depression or alcohol intoxication; 8) measurement of condom use data in the form of ratio rather than interval data; 9) quantification of acts of unprotected sex rather than proportion of condom use; and 10) where possible, use of a within-subject design for evaluation of the treatment effect.
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PMID:Condom use as a dependent variable: measurement issues relevant to HIV prevention programs. 988 89


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