Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The kinetics of the popliteal lymph node response to an allograft of lymphoid cells injected into the foot pad were examined after challenge with strong (Ag-B) and weak (non Ag-B) transplantation antigens. The response to weak antigens was characterised by a lag period of 2 days. The response to strong antigens was more rapid in onset. Active immunisation against weak antigens accelerated the response so that it came to resemble the immediate response to strong antigens. Active immunisation against strong antigens depressed the response. This depression was reproduced by giving passive antiserum to normal recipients. Passive antiserum produced by immunisation against weak antigens was also suppressive. Adoptive transfer of immune lymphoid cells reproduced the effects seen with passive transfer of antiserum. These findings indicate that clonal expansion of antigen-sensitive cells is characteristic of immunity to weak and not to strong antigens and that antibody is produced in both situations and has a similar suppressive effect on the cell-mediated response in addition to its direct effect on the graft.
 ...
PMID:The effect of antigenic strength and immunisation on the popliteal lymph node allograft response. 79 80

Daily (five times/week) administration of 0.25-2 mg methotrexate (MTX)/kg to 5- to 6-week-old male C57BL/6, DBA/2, and C3H mice for 12-18 months was well tolerated, apart from minimal cellular suppression in the lymphoid tissues, testes, and skin. Larger doses of MTX (3-6 mg/kg) given to 5- to 6-week-old mice produced well-known acute to subacute hematopoietic and gastrointestinal damage that leads to early death. These young mice did not develop other lesions that were described in humans after long-term MTX administration, nor was the toxicity cumulative. A large difference was observed in the ability of mice of different ages to withstand the toxic effects of MTX; 16-week-old mice were able to survive daily doses of 3-6 mg/kg up to 18 months. Histologic studies of these mice showed a more pronounced cellular depression of the lymphoid tissues, testes, and skin. Osteoporosis was also observed in these older mice that tolerated the drug for 10 months or longer, thus providing a laboratory animal model for further study of this MTX-induced lesion.
 ...
PMID:Chronic toxicity of methotrexate in mice. 83 65

Lymphocytes from rats killed while anaesthetized with 1-5 per cent halothane showed a significantly reduced capacity to induce lysis of antibody-coated target cells compared with those from untreated rats. This effect was short-lived however, being no longer apparent in lymphoid cells taken from rats 2 h after their recovery from such anaesthesia. Surgical procedures were not effective in extending the duration of reduced ADCC activity. The implication of these findings is that the post-operative depression of this in vitro assay of immunocompetence results from the influence of the anaesthetic agent per se or its metabolities with surgical trauma having little role.
 ...
PMID:The effects of halothane anaesthesia on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in rats. 86 73

Allogeneic rat platelets fail to induce either primary antibody or cell-mediated immune responses despite repeated injections. Platelets bear Ag-B epitopes which are capable of being recognized by antigen-reactive T and B cells since primed rats develop secondary responses after challenge with allogeneic platelets. The secondary responses induced decrease rather than increase on repeated injection of platelets. Repeated injection of allogeneic platelets into nonprimed rats leads to a state of specific, partial non-reactivity; recipients given such treatment show marked depression of cytotoxic antibody responses, but normal cellular immunity after challenge with viable lymphoid cells taken from the platelet-donor strain. Injection of normal rats with allogeneic platelets mixed with 3rd party, viable lymphoid cells, does not provoke an anti-platelet Ag-B antibody response.
 ...
PMID:The immune response to allogeneic rat platelets; Ag-B antigens in matrix form lacking Ia. 87 67

Hematologic and immunosuppressive effects of single doses of nitrogen mustard (HN3) were evaluated in 20 dogs. HN3 caused profound depression of peripheral blood counts in all animals. Recovery of total white blood cell counts in dogs surviving the acute gastrointestinal toxicity of HN3 was complete by day 15. Recovery of platelet and lymphocyte counts to initial levels took a more prolonged course. Granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in the bone marrow were assayed by an in vitro culture system. Concentrations of CFU-C were markedly decreased one day after HN3-treatment, but showed at near-lethal doses rapid restoration to normal values within 4 to 7 days. Cellular immune function of HN3-treated dogs was impaired for prolonged periods as indicated by the reduced capacity of canine lymphocytes to proliferate in vitro in response to stimulation with mitogens. Humoral immune function was similarly affected as determined by the depressed and delayed antibody formation against an intravenous challenge with sheep red blood cell. In conclusion, our results suggest a different effect of HN3 on lymphoid and myeloid precursor cells.
 ...
PMID:Hematologic and immunologic studies in dogs given nitrogen mustard (hn3). 89 Jan 45

A study has been carried out on the immunosuppressive activity of high doses of peptichemio (PTC) in CBA mice. Humoral response to sheep erythrocytes, delayed hypersensitivity to oxazolone, and cellular proliferation in lymph nodes and spleen of animals sensitized with oxazolone have been investigated. The results demonstrated that PTC had a definite immunosuppressive action, as shown by the inhibition of primary response to inoculation of sheep erythrocytes, by depression of delayed hypersensitivity to oxazolone, and by marked inhibition of 125IUdr incorporation in lymph nodes of sensitized animals. It is suggested that the inhibitory action is mediated by an effect on actively proliferating B or T lymphoid cells, although involvement of macrophages cannot be ruled out.
 ...
PMID:Effects of high doses of peptichemio upon the humoral response to sheep erythrocytes and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to oxazolone in CBA mice. 89 85

During a small clinical trial of intensive immunosuppression in multipel sclerosis (MS, 14 patients) the changes of in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens were followed. A variable depression of the normal responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was seen in the patinets during the inital week of treatment with prednisone (150 mg/day tapered to 20 mg/day by day 7), and azathiprine (3 mg/kg daily). They were further depressed during antilymphocyte globulin therapy (ALG 500 mg/day on weekdays, weeks 2-5 of treatment). These responses returned rapidly to the lower normal range after the three weeks of ALG despite the continued prednisone and azathipprine therapy. A complex effect of immunosuppression on lymphocyte subpopulations was suggested by three findings. Firstly, in contrast with the reduction in response to plant mitogens no lowering of the response to allogeneic lymphoid cell line cells (LCL) was seen during the first week of treatment. Secondly, some patinets, particularly those expressing the HLA-7 antigen, had a low pre-treatment response to LCL which showed an improvement during treatment and which was maintained through the first week of ALG treatment. Thirdly, single inviduals sometimes showed different degrees of suppression of different responses during and after ALG treatment. Occasionally, responses showed some recovery even during the ALG treatment, suggesting that higher ALG doses were required in these patients. The results suggest that the action of immunosuppressive drugs on lymphocyte activity differs between individuals due to the heterogeneity of the lymphocyte subpopulations present.
 ...
PMID:The effect of intensive immunosuppression on the in vitro activity of lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients. 99 83

The number and distribution patterns of lymphocytes in the spleens and lymph nodes of Balb/c mice which express immunoglobulin surface receptors were studied in terms of the effects of a murine leukemia virus on the immune-response mechanism. Friend leukemia virus induces a prompt, marked depression of the immune response of mice to antigens such as sheep erythrocytes and E. coli LPS. A functioning T- and B-lymphocyte system is necessary for the response to the SRBC's whereas E. coli LPS, a T cell-independent antigen, stimulates B cells alone. Although the responses to both classes of antigen were markedly depressed in FLV-infected mice, the major defect appeared to be impairment of B-cell function, at least early in the course of infection. In order to examine in more detail the mechanism of interaction between FLV and lymphoid cells with Ig surface receptors, presumably B cells, immmunofluorescent analyses were performed with spleen, and lymph node cells from FLV-infected mice. Within a few days after infection there was a marked decrease in the percentage of spleen cells with Ig surface molecules, although the absolute number of these cells was either unchanged or increased due to marked splenomegaly caused by the virus. A marked decrease in the percentage of splenocytes with theta antigen, considered a marker for mature T cells, also was evident in infected mice. The number of spleen cells showing evidence of FLV infection (i.e., positive for FLV-associated antigens) increased rapidly during the first few days after infection, and within 2 to 2 1/2 weeks nearly all of the nucleated splenocytes were positive for the tumor antigen. In contrast to the results for spleen cells, there were increases rather than decreases in the percentages of Ig-positive and theta-positive cells in the lymph nodes after infection. The number of lymph-node cells that showed the presence of FLV antigen was much lower than in the spleen, and their appearance was also much slower as the leukemic process progressed. Despite these differences between spleen and lymph-node cells in terms of relative percentages of Ig- and theta-positive lymphocytes, relatively similar depressions were evident for the percentages of lymphoid cells that could redistribute their surface Ig receptors into polar caps when incubated with anti-Ig serum at 37 C. Marked impairment of the Ig-capping responses for both spleen and lymph-node cells paralleled the course of infection and development of immunosuppression. These observations indicate that murine leukemia virus infection can both alter the responsiveness of immunocompetent cells to T-dependent and independent antigens and depress the number and normal functional activity of these cells, as reflected by altered surface Ig receptors and antigens.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte surface receptors and leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression. 109 86

Lymphocytes from fifteen multiple sclerosis patients gave responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), conconavalin A (con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) which were in the normal range. However, the responses of lymphocytes to stimulation by an allogeneic lymphoid cell line (LCL) were significantly lower in HLA-7-positive than in HLA-7-negative patients (a distinction not found in control groups). Depression of con A, PHA and PWM responses were observed during intensive immunosuppression. Responses to LCL were unaltered or increased during initial azathioprine and prednisone treatment. The depression of this response following antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) treatment was delayed in the HLA-7-positive patients. One week after the end of ALG treatment, most PHA, con A and PWM responses had returned to low normal values. Reduction of azathioprine and prednisone treatment at the end of 1 year resulted in a sharp rise in PHA and con A responses in some patients. Relapses in patients were frequently associated with low responses to LCL cells.
 ...
PMID:Intensive immunosuppression in patients with disseminated sclerosis. III. Lymphocyte response in vitro. 118 Oct 76

When tumour cells (line L cells) were grown in culture with syngeneic normal non-immune C3H/He mouse spleen cells or in the cell free supernatant of these spleen cells they incorporated less tritiated thymidine (3H-Tdr) than when grown by themselves. Despite this effect there was no depression in either cell growth or DNA synthesis. Autoradiographic studies revealed that the decrease of 3H-Tdr incorporation into tumour cells in the presence of spleen cells was not due to inhibition of cell entry into S phase but due to the amount of 3H-Tdr the tumour cells incorporated. Since the medium of spleen cell cultures was found to contain DNA and the addition of calf thymus DNA to fresh growth medium also resulted in decreased 3H-Tdr uptake by the tumour cells, it was concluded that line L cells utilize DNA released by spleen cells into the medium for de novo DNA synthesis. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that caution be used in interpreting decreased 3H-Tdr uptake as determined by scintillation counting as evidence for a cytostatic effect exerted by lymphoid cells or their supernatants in vitro.
 ...
PMID:The effect of normal spleen cells on 3H-thymidine uptake by target cells in vitro. 119 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>