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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mothers, teachers, and assistant teachers completed the Richman Behavior Checklist (BCL) at ages 2 and 3 years and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 2-3 (CBCL 2-3) at 3 years for a large sample of low birth weight, premature children. Interinstrument correlations for total scores were moderate, higher for teachers and assistant teachers than for mothers, with moderate temporal stability for BCL scores. Interrater agreement for either total scores or classifications of clinically significant scores was moderately high between teachers and assistant teachers only, and children identified as disturbed by mothers versus teachers represent almost nonoverlapping groups. Furthermore, many more children were identified as disturbed using the BCL. The most powerful predictors of mothers' total CBCL 2-3 scores were HOME Inventory scores and self-reported depression. The use of these scales in clinical and research contexts is discussed.
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PMID:Reliability and validity of behavior problem checklists as measures of stable traits in low birth weight, premature preschoolers. 144 64

Many investigators have noted that depression is a common symptom among pediatric cancer patients. However, prevalence rates vary widely across studies. This variation in prevalence rates may be due, in part, to selective reporting of patients based on measures used and environmental cues. In this study, we evaluated 50 chronically ill pediatric patients (19 cancer and 31 diabetic patients) for their use of selective reporting of depression. Factors in the 2 x 2 design were Intervention (disclosure videotape and cartoon videotape) and Examiner (familiar examiner and unfamiliar examiner). In the Intervention manipulation, subjects were shown either a videotape prompting the child that self-disclosure was appropriate or a tape of a cartoon (control condition). In the Examiner manipulation, subjects were administered the experimental measures by either a familiar (parent) or unfamiliar (research assistant) examiner. Dependent variables were the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1981), the Depression scale of the Roberts Apperception Test for Children (RATC; McArthur & Roberts, 1982), and a depression measure taken from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983). As hypothesized, the Examiner x Intervention interaction revealed that children who did not view the disclosure videotape and who were tested by an unfamiliar examiner gave significantly lower self-reports of depression on the CDI than children in the other conditions. However, parent and child projective reports of depression did not vary as a function of experimental condition. The results are interpreted as selective responding on the part of pediatric patients. Limitations of assessing internal psychological states in children are discussed.
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PMID:Selective responsiveness of chronically ill children to assessments of depression. 148 12

This study reports on several classification issues utilizing the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher Form (CBCL-T), and the Peer Nomination Inventory of Depression (PNID). The first sample contained 752 public school children in grades 5, 6, and 9. A second sample of 142 fifth-graders was included to have an additional PNID comparison group. Results revealed moderate correlations between the CDI and the CBCL-T and PNID. Use of multiple criteria for selecting children as depressed was discussed, and selection rates using multiple measures with either strict or lenient cutoff scores were given. Normative data on the PNID were evaluated, and it was suggested that norms for the PNID may not be generalizable to other samples. Finally, race and gender analyses showed that CDI scores for females were significantly higher than for males, whereas CDI scores for Hispanics were significantly higher than for non-Hispanic whites. However, Omega-squared analyses for these two variables showed this to be of little practical significance.
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PMID:Evaluation of subclinical depression in children using self-, peer-, and teacher-report measures. 237 54

The concept of major depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is reviewed and it is suggested that contemporary enthusiasm for this diagnosis may have outrun the evidence that it is a distinct categorical entity. To test the hypothesis that major depression is not a qualitatively distinct disorder in adolescence, but rather a continuously distributed, noncategorical syndrome, the behavioral rating scales (CBCL-P) of 216 hospitalized adolescent patients were analyzed first by principal components analysis and then by cluster analysis. Three behavioral syndromes were isolated by principal components analysis. Of three groups of patients identified by a subsequent cluster analysis, one was consistent with the concept of a categorically distinct "nuclear" depression. However, a noncategorical continuously distributed depressive syndrome appears to affect a larger number of patients in this age group, and the "nuclear" disorder may be less prevalent than is currently assumed. One explanation of these findings would combine a categorical model of nuclear depression with a dimensional model of dysthymia.
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PMID:Is major depressive disorder in adolescence a distinct diagnostic entity? 273 99

This study investigated the relationship between preabuse factors and psychological symptomatology in sexually abused girls. Ninety-four sexually abused girls, 89 clinical controls, and 75 normal controls comprised the subject population. All subjects were ages 6-12. Preabuse information was obtained with the Developmental, Psychiatric, and Medical History (DPM). Symptom measures included the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL parent version). Results indicated that the sexually abused and clinical control groups had significantly more prior developmental and psychiatric problems and significantly more past stressors on the DPM than the normal control group. In addition, in examining the sexually abused group only, prior developmental and psychiatric problems were clearly associated with increased behavioral and emotional problems (CBCL), self-reported depressive symptoms (CDI), and lower self-esteem (Piers-Harris). Parallel results were found in the clinical control group, although correlations were higher in the sexual abuse group. Findings are interpreted to support the notion that there are a multitude of variables that may affect the psychological adjustment of sexually abused children, including preabuse and post-abuse factors and the trauma of the abusive experience itself.
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PMID:The relationship between preabuse factors and psychological symptomatology in sexually abused girls. 812 99

We evaluated the convergence of CBCL scales with the diagnosis of ADHD and comorbid disorders in 133 ADHD and 118 normal control boys, aged 6-17 years old. We evaluated the strength of association between each CBCL scale and structured-interview derived diagnoses with Total Predictive Value (TPV) and the odds-ratio (OR). Excellent convergence was found between the CBCL Attention Problems scale with the diagnosis of ADHD, between the Delinquent Behavior scale and the diagnosis of CD, and between the Anxiety/Depression scale and the diagnoses of Anxiety Disorders. These findings indicate that the CBCL could serve as a rapid and useful screening instrument to identify comorbid and non-comorbid cases of ADHD.
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PMID:Convergence of the Child Behavior Checklist with structured interview-based psychiatric diagnoses of ADHD children with and without comorbidity. 824 44

Maternal reports on the health, behavioral, and educational characteristics of Hispanic low-income preschoolers were gathered from a pediatric clinic to conduct appropriate consultation and teaching of behavioral issues to pediatric residents. Fifty-two Hispanic mothers attending an urban hospital clinic were given a questionnaire. Interviews provided data on family demographics, children's health status, behavior problems (65 items adapted from Achenbach's 1981 and 1987 Child Behavior Checklists [CBCL]), maternal depression, family life stressful events, and discipline methods. Thirteen externalizing and five internalizing high frequency behaviors were identified. Behavior problem scores were significantly related to the use of yelling and hitting/spanking as methods of discipline. Precarious health status and low enrollment in preschool programs also were reported. A broader preventive role for pediatricians in that pediatric setting was recommended and pursued. Results suggest a broad preventive role for pediatricians and pediatric clinics servicing low-income preschoolers.
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PMID:Maternal reports of behavior problems in preschool Hispanic children: an exploratory study in preventive pediatrics. 855 17

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between severe asthma, type and incidence of psychiatric problems in a pediatric population. A group of 92 children and adolescents (63 boys and 29 girls) (mean age 11.7) was investigated over one year by a pediatric pneumology/allergy service unit. The psychopathological problems of two groups were compared: "mild" (n = 12) and "moderate/severe" (n = 80) persistent asthma as defined by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NIH). Various questionnaires were completed by the patients including the CBCL and the CPRS. The patients were examined by an experienced psychologist using the French version of the revised semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-SADS. Twelve cases with intermittent or mild persistent asthma and 80 cases with moderate and severe persistent asthma were found. The child gender ratio and the social class of the parents did not differ significantly across groups. Moderate/severe asthma was more often associated with DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. Similarly, there were more symptoms in the severe group as indicated by several questionnaires. The hyperactivity index (CPRS) was higher for the severely affected group, who also exhibited fewer daytime activities. Social skills, school skills, and self esteem were, overall, on a similar level as those of the mildly affected group. Severe persistent asthma and moderate persistent asthma were not significantly different for the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and symptoms, even if children with severe asthma had a trend toward being diagnosed with more DSM-IV anxiety disorders and higher STAIC scores. Both of them had significantly higher total CBCL scores and CPRS hyperactivity index than intermittent and mild asthma. Moderate and severe persistent asthma appears to be associated with both incidence and particular categories of psychiatric problems, particularly anxiety disorders and anxious/depression symptoms. These observations suggest that it would be valuable to pay more attention to psychopathological problems of children suffering from severe asthma.
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PMID:Asthma severity and psychopathology in a tertiary care department for children and adolescent. 982

Psychotropic drugs are widely used in adulthood in France, and few studies have yet been made concerning children. Literature studies have shown an important consumption on their part, increasing with age and especially for girls. Certain family factors which may prove to determine such use have been pointed out like family habits of toxique use, maternal depression, mother's occupation and family troubles. This consumption also seems related to psychiatric symptomatology in children together with previous use in childhood. This feasibility study will attempt to research the forms of anxiolytics and hypnotics use by children aged 6 to 16, one parent being a psychiatric in-patient. 51 in-patients of the university section have been included, corresponding to 74 children. The investigator look down socio-demographic date as well as anxiolytics and hypnotics use in a lifetime and that of antalgics for the week prior to the interview. The parents' depressive and anxious symptoms were measured by the HAD and the children's psychopathological symptoms by the CBCL. A phone contact was proposed to teenagers 13 to 16 years old. One patient only refused the interview, 7 patients left without filling in the questionnaire. The parents more often than not refused to establish contact with the teenager. Only 5 teenagers out of 22 could actually be interviewed. Whereas 94.1% of parents use psychotropic drugs, only 16.2% of children have used them throughout their lifetime. The consumption of these drugs is not related to age or sex but rather seems to be linked with the children's symptomatology. The development of this study should confirm these results on a wider scale through a different approach of teenagers.
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PMID:[Anxiolytics and hypnotics use by psychiatric inpatients' children: preliminary study]. 1037 Aug 84

Tested the validity of the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders (DSMD; Naglieri, LeBuffe, & Pfeiffer, 1994) in a sample of 108 adolescent psychiatric inpatients. DSMD scales were compared to parent-report, interview-based, self-report and diagnostic measures. DSMD measures of conduct problems and delinquency were significantly associated with the predicted parent-report, interview-based, and diagnostic measures of conduct disorder and substance abuse and not with any measures of anxiety or depression. DSMD measures of anxiety and depression were related to other parent-report ratings of internalizing symptoms but had more limited convergent and discriminant validity. The DSMD was compared to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 1991) for diagnostic classification accuracy. The two measures were comparable in classifying oppositional or conduct disorder. The CBCL was superior for classification of major depression. The DSMD was superior for classification of substance abuse.
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PMID:Validity of the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. 1112 35


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