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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using data collected on 348 patients presenting to a hospital-based substance misuse treatment program, the present study compares psychiatric symptomatology and severity of substance misuse among African-American and Caucasian alcohol and drug misusers. African-Americans had a higher overall severity of substance misuse and reported using more substances than Caucasians. African-Americans also had higher levels of somatization, interpersonal problems, depression, hostility, obsessive/compulsive behavior, phobia, paranoia, and psychoticism than Caucasians. African-Americans exhibited higher levels of psychosocial stress and lower levels of global functioning than did Caucasians. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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PMID:Problem severity and symptomatology among substance misusers: differences between African-Americans and Caucasians. 835 47

Epilepsy can be accompanied by changes in cognition, personality, affect, and other elements of behavior. There is no single epileptic constitution or personality complex. A unifying theme to the behavior in epilepsy is diversity. As one looks at the behavioral traits reported in epilepsy, a specific and consistent pattern is lacking. Rather, extremes of behavior are accentuated: sometimes in one direction, often in both directions. Changes in emotional state are prominent among behavioral features in epilepsy. Some authors describe a prominent deepening or increase in emotionality, whereas others identify a global decrease in emotional life and content. Emotional lability is also reported. Sexuality and libido are typically decreased, but fetishism, transvestism, exhibitionism, and hypersexual episodes also occur. Concerns over morality may be lacking or exaggerated. Patients may be irritable and aggressive or timid and apathetic. The impressive list of people with epilepsy in politics, religion, arts, and sciences suggests a positive expression of this behavioral spectrum. Psychosis, depression, paranoia, and personality disorders may represent a negative pole of epilepsy-related behavioral changes. The most important aspect of behavioral changes in epilepsy for physicians is to recognize and treat dysfunctional behavior. Depression is a common problem that is often unrecognized and untreated. Other treatable problems include impotence, anxiety, panic attacks, and psychosis. Identifying risk factors will, it is hoped, assist in developing methods to prevent these disorders.
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PMID:Behavioral changes associated with epilepsy. 844 66

1. Many people, including health care professionals, believe that hearing loss is a normal part of aging and that little can be done to improve older adults' hearing. If the staff and physicians believe that hearing loss among nursing home residents is expected due to advanced age, then the likelihood of further evaluation of hearing impairments is minimal. 2. Hearing loss is a serious health problem among the elderly. Social isolation, depression, acting out inappropriately, and paranoia have been related to impaired hearing. Cerumen impaction is a reversible, frequently overlooked cause of a conductive hearing loss. 3. Twenty-five percent of nursing home residents were found to have impacted cerumen. One of the nursing homes in the study differed from the others because no residents had cerumen impaction. This was the only home that employed two nurses who had specialty preparation in gerontological nursing. If that home had been excluded, the impaction rate would have been 34%.
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PMID:Cerumen impaction. Prevalence and detection in nursing homes. 847 11

Interrater (attending vs resident) and observer/patient self-report correlations were assessed for 17 and 9 symptom factors, respectively, in a consecutive sample of psychiatric outpatients at the time of intake evaluation in a university based clinic using the Hopkins Psychiatric Rating Scale (HPRS) and the SCL-90R. Highly significant interrater reliability was obtained for most items on the HPRS but observer/self-report correlations were more variable, ranging from good (r = .60 to .75) for depression and phobic anxiety, to poor (r < .40) for obsessive-compulsive, paranoia, and psychoticism symptoms. Results also varied by patient sex. The findings suggest a role for both observer and, for specific symptoms, self-report symptom scales in routine clinical practice.
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PMID:Interrater and observer/self-report correlation of psychopathology in routine clinical practice. 854 34

A 62-yr-old woman with a history of mental retardation, paranoid psychosis and agitated depression presented with deterioration in her baseline mental status and fever. No obvious source of fever was found on clinical exam or on initial laboratory studies. An 111In-white blood cell (111In-WBC) study was performed 1 wk after hospital admission, which revealed increased uptake in the anterior neck and oral cavity. Subsequent laryngoscopy revealed a red, swollen epiglottis compatible with epiglottitis. While not advocating 111In-WBC scintigraphy as part of the workup of epiglottitis, this case is presented to emphasize the possible milder presentation of epiglottitis in adults compared to children.
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PMID:Clinically unsuspected epiglottitis detected by indium-111-white blood cell scintigraphy. 854 6

Following a review of the effects of methamphetamine on human performance, actual driving and behavior were evaluated in 28 cases in which drivers arrested or killed in traffic accidents had tested positive for methamphetamine. The circumstances surrounding the arrest or accident were examined, together with any observations by the arresting officer regarding behavioral irregularities. The investigators also made a determination of culpability. Most of the arrests resulted from accidents in which the driver was determined to be culpable. Typical driving behaviors included drifting out of the lane of travel, erratic driving, weaving, speeding, drifting off the road, and high speed collisions. Behavioral manifestations of methamphetamine use in arrestees included rapid or confused speech, rapid pulse, agitation, paranoia, dilated pupils, violet or aggressive attitude. Combined alcohol and methamphetamine use was uncommon, however use of marijuana was evident in about one third of the cases. In addition to impairing judgment and increasing risk taking, the effects of withdrawal from methamphetamine use including fatigue, hypersomnnolence, and depression are likely contributors to many of these accidents. A consideration of the literature and the cases discussed here, leads to the conclusion that methamphetamine at any concentration is likely to produce symptoms that are inconsistent with safe driving.
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PMID:Methamphetamine and driving impairment. 865 87

Forty-two acute inpatients with schizophrenia, 23 of whom had a past or current alcohol use disorder, were given a structured interview that focused on reasons for alcohol use and changes in perceived effects of alcohol on psychiatric symptoms from the first episode of illness to the current episode. Drinking for sociability or celebration decreased over time, while drinking to relieve depression or problems increased. Subjects who experienced hallucinations, paranoia, or both significantly more often reported an increase in these symptoms after drinking. Subjects with an alcohol-related diagnosis were significantly more likely than those without such a diagnosis to cite relief of depression and problems or worries as a reason for alcohol use.
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PMID:Self-reported effects of alcohol use on symptoms of schizophrenia. 868 77

A sample of 301 amphetamine users were interviewed about their experiences of psychological symptoms prior to, and subsequent to, their initiation of amphetamine use. Psychological morbidity was common, with 44% scoring greater than a conservative cut-off of 8 on the General Health Questionnaire. The most commonly reported symptoms subsequent to the onset of amphetamine use were depression (79%), anxiety (76%), paranoia (52%), hallucinations (46%) and violent behaviour (44%). All these symptoms increased in prevalence after the onset of amphetamine use. Route and frequency of amphetamine administration were significant independent predictors of overall psychological morbidity, while route of administration was related to the experience of hallucinations, violent behaviour and paranoia. The avoidance of injection as a route of administration and the use of amphetamines less than weekly are recommended as steps that users can take to reduce the psychological sequelae of amphetamine use.
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PMID:Psychological morbidity and route of administration among amphetamine users in Sydney, Australia. 882 16

1. Close and prolonged work with victims of trauma and abuse can have serious psychological consequences for professionals. 2. The consequences to professionals can include development of anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts, alienation, dissociative episodes, feeling of helplessness, paranoia, hypervigilance, and disrupted personal relationships. 3. The concepts of cognitive processing models and investigation into memory dynamics can offer understanding of vicarious traumatization, and may help define preventive measures and treatment options for this condition.
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PMID:Understanding vicarious traumatization. 892 47

One goal of this longitudinal bereavement study is to analyze the ability of a simple 0-10 visual analogue scale, the 10-Mile Mourning Bridge, to measure progress through bereavement. Based on a longitudinal study (n = 74 at posttest), Bridge results are significantly correlated with the General Severity Index, the strongest global indicator of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI, Derogatis & Spencer, 1982). The self report Bridges are significantly related to 8 of the 9 clinical scales of the BSI (Depression, Obsessive/Compulsiveness, Anxiety, Phobic Anxiety, Hostility, Psychoticism, Paranoia and Somaticism). Uses of the 10-Mile Mourning Bridge in daily hospice work are discussed.
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PMID:The 10-Mile Mourning Bridge and the Brief Symptom Inventory: close relatives? 894 12


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