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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chronic candidiasis syndrome, also known as the Candida-related complex, putatively caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the gastrointestinal tract and secondarily in the genital organs, is briefly described. Patients with this disorder have many of the same symptoms as those with the chronic fatigue syndrome, except for the recurrent flu-like symptoms of the latter disorder. The positive response of a large number of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) to an oral antifungal agent and a diet for intestinal candidiasis has been described by another clinician. There is evidence that Candida albicans infection of the mucous membranes depresses T cell and natural killer (NK) cell function. Similar abnormalities of immune function are found in the CFS. The function of cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, and NK cells is important in preventing reactivation of infections from Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and other herpesviruses. Reactivation of one or more of these viruses could lead to the expression of the flu-like symptoms in the CFS. Yet the immune dysfunction found in this disorder has been considered the primary underlying causal factor. It is proposed that chronic intestinal candidiasis may be an agent which leads to immune depression in many CFS patients and therefore that it could be a causal factor in CFS.
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PMID:Chronic intestinal candidiasis as a possible etiological factor in the chronic fatigue syndrome. 747 98

The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976a) and the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS; Beck, Epstein, Harrison, & Emery, 1983) have been used virtually interchangeably to assess personality styles that are believed to influence the development of depressive symptomatology in the context of specific negative life events. This study examined the extent to which these two personality measures overlap and tested the congruency hypothesis. The congruency hypothesis predicts that levels of depression vary as a function of the interaction between personality and the occurrence of thematically related negative life events. Results indicated that the DEQ Dependency and the SAS Sociotropy scales appear to measure similar constructs, whereas the DEQ Self-Criticism and SAS Autonomy scales do not appear to measure similar constructs. Further, support was obtained for the congruency hypothesis using either the DEQ Dependency scale or the SAS Sociotropy scale; however, support for this hypothesis was not obtained for the DEQ Self-Criticism scale or the SAS Autonomy scale.
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PMID:Personality, life events, and depression. 772 54

This study investigated the properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in a sample of 326 undergraduate students. Scores on the BAI were compared with data from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. The BAI demonstrated good psychometric properties, with a high level of internal consistency. Relatively low test-retest correlations, in comparison with the STAI-Trait, suggested that the scale was functioning as a state measure. Factor analysis revealed a unifactorial solution on the first administration (a time of low stress), but a two factor solution similar to that proposed initially by Beck, Epstein, Brown and Steer (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897, 1988) at the second administration (hypothesised to be a time of increased stress). Thus, the two factor structure of the BAI (characterised by physical and cognitive symptoms) may not be distinguishable in the normal population in the absence of an external stressor. An apparent strength of the BAI was its superior ability in differentiating anxiety from depression when compared with the STAI. A combined factor analysis of the BAI and STAI-State revealed two distinct factors, suggesting that the scales may actually be measuring separate, although not necessarily independent, constructs. It is suggested that the high discriminant validity demonstrated by the BAI may have been achieved at the expense of some construct validity.
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PMID:The Beck Anxiety Inventory in a non-clinical sample. 775 38

The Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) is a 21-item checklist developed with large clinical samples to measure anxiety symptoms associated with DSM III-R (APA, 1987) anxiety disorders. Administration and scoring are rapid; the patient rates symptom intensity during the last seven days on a 0 to 3 scale. The BAI adequately covers the major cognitive, affective, and physiological symptoms of anxiety. Care was taken during scale construction to eliminate items that would be confounded with depression items. The authors demonstrate excellent reliability and appropriate convergent and discriminant validity with other measures of anxiety and depression as well as criterion-related validity with in patient samples (Beck et al., 1988). The properties of the BAI have been further studied by Beck and collaborators as well as by other groups of researchers. Since its appearance in 1988 the BAI has quickly been adopted by clinical researchers in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Five studies present psychometric data on a French translation of the BAI. The translation process involved alternative versions by three translators, a panel of experts, and pilot testing on a group of 20 volunteers. The first study with university students (N = 72) indicated good internal consistence (Cronbach's alpha = .85) and stability (r = .63) at four weeks. The second study (N = 91) demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity significant positive: correlations with measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, irrational beliefs, and depression; significant negative correlations with assertiveness and self-esteem, and non-significant correlations with two measures of social desirability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The Beck Anxiety Inventory. Psychometric properties of a French translation]. 817 10

Nineteen patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), representing 4 different subtypes, were examined for immunophenotype and immunogenotype. Quantitative immunophenotypic analysis of 13 cases revealed a predominance of Leu1 and Leu3 T cells in all subtypes, except in the case of HD lymphocytic-depression (HDLD). The positive rate of LeuM1 and Ki1 in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells was 65% (11/17) and 73% (11/15), respectively. In DNA hybridization analysis, 5 of the 19 cases of HD were found to have gene rearrangements--immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in 3 cases and T cell receptor beta chain (TCR beta) gene rearrangements in 2 cases. Epstein-Barr (EBV) DNA genomes were detected in 8 cases, including 2 of 5 cases which previously had been shown to contain clonal Ig and TCR beta gene rearrangements. By contrast, there were no detectable cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA sequences in 19 cases of HD or 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although our findings differed somewhat from those obtained on Westerners, they suggest the presence of a monoclonal lymphoid population in HD patients and that the EBV is related to the etiology of HD.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangements and Epstein-Barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease in Taiwan. 839 9

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue associated with complaints of fevers, sore throat, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, sleep disturbances, neurocognitive difficulties, and depression. A striking feature of CFS is its sudden onset following an acute, presumably viral, illness and the subsequent recurrent "flu-like" symptoms. It has been speculated that both CFS and debilitating chronic fatigue (CF) that does not meet strict criteria for CFS may be the direct or indirect result of viral infections. We therefore tested 548 chronically fatigued patients who underwent a comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation for antibodies to 13 viruses. Our objectives were to compare the seroprevalence and/or geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, rubella, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Cox-sackie B virus, types 1-6 in patients with CF to healthy control subjects. Other goals were to determine if greater rates of seropositivity or higher GMTs occurred among subsets of patients with CFS, fibromyalgia, psychiatric disorders, a self-reported illness onset with a viral syndrome, and a documented temperature > 37 degrees C on physical examination. Differences in the seroprevalence or GMTs of antibodies to 13 viruses were not consistently found in those with CF compared with control subjects, or in any subsets of patients including those with CFS, an acute onset of illness, or a documented fever. These particular viral serologies were not useful in evaluating patients presenting with CF.
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PMID:Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. 889 37

Empathy and reactive depression were investigated with 53 women, from 21 to 53 years of age, who worked or planned to work as nurses, counselors, or social workers. Empathy was measured using the Mehrabian and Epstein Questionnaire Measure of Empathic Tendency. The adapted Zung Self-rating Depression Scale was used to measure Depressive Symptomatology, and Paykel's Scale for Life Events was used to identify stressful events. A narrative questionnaire elicited additional information to assess stressful events and to screen clinically for endogenous depression. Reactive Depression scores were obtained using a best fit line to correct Depressive Symptomatology for severity of Life Events. A significant modest positive correlation of 39 was found between scores on Empathy and Reactive Depression.
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PMID:Empathy and reactive depression. 919 4

Stressful environmental conditions are a major determinant of immune reactivity. This effect is pronounced in Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition populations exposed to prolonged periods of isolation in the Antarctic. Alterations of T cell function, including depression of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and a peak 48.9% reduction of T cell proliferation to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin, were documented during a 9-month period of isolation. T cell dysfunction was mediated by changes within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell compartment, including a paradoxical atypical monocytosis associated with altered production of inflammatory cytokines. There was a striking reduction in the production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the predominant pro-inflammatory monokine TNF-alpha and changes were also detected in the production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1ra and IL-10. Prolonged Antarctic isolation is also associated with altered latent herpesvirus homeostasis, including increased herpesvirus shedding and expansion of the polyclonal latent Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cell population. These findings have important long-term health implications.
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PMID:Antarctic isolation: immune and viral studies. 924 93

Systemic Candida infections are usually encountered as opportunistic infections in a setting of immunologic depression. Sepsis or arthritis due to Candida is not expected in healthy people. Epstein-Barr virus may infect B cells, but does not cause immunosuppression of any clinical significance. As far as we know, invasive non-albicans Candida infection complicating Epstein-Barr virus infection has not been reported in previously healthy children. In this report, two previously healthy children, one with sepsis due to Candida species and the other sepsis and arthritis due to Candida parapsilosis are described. Both patients were male and were aged 2 and 9 y. The diagnosis was confirmed by culture. Both children also had coincidental acute Epstein-Barr virus infection, confirmed by Epstein-Barr virus viral capside antigen-IgM. They were both cured with fluconazole given for 21 days and 48 days, respectively.
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PMID:Systemic candidiasis with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. 940 27

A case of Hodgkin's disease (HD), lymphocyte depression (LD) type in an immunosuppressive patient is described. The patient was a 48-year-old male and his parents were born in the Kyushu area, which is an endemic area for adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL). He was seropositive for ATL virus (ATLV, also referred to as HTLV-I) and showed a marked immunosuppressive condition. He developed LD-HD and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and died due to respiratory failure. The immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the Reed-Sternberg-like cells in the lymph node biopsy sample were positive for Ber-H2 (CD30), Leu-M1 (CD15), L-26 (CD20), Bcl-2, p53 and EBER, the viral genome of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-related Hodgkin's disease showing B cell lineage in an immunosuppressive patient seropositive for HTLV-I. 941 42


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