Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the MEM test (Field) one can establish a cellular immune reaction becarus the sensitized lymphocytes release the macrophage slowing factor (MSF) upon interaction with the appropriate antigen. A macrophage migration inhibition was detected in some neurological diseases with destruction of the parenchyma. The modification MEM-LAD (linoleic acid depression) test made further differentiation possible in the 146 neurological patients and normals. The reduction of macrophage mobility inhibition was 94.7 + 4.7% in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases as compared with that of normals of 55.1 + 3.7% and of other neurological diseases of 47.8 + 7.1%. There were no significant differences due to the course and duration of the disease or to immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenically important results in relatives of MS patients with values between the MS and normal group (78.5 + 0.7%) in mothers suggested a familial (genetic) disposition. The same value was found in a monozygotic twin of an MS patient. The results in the children studied showed that besides the endogenic metabolic component the aetiopathogenically important exogenic factors can operate early in life. In correlation with the principle of the MEM-LAD test the suppressive action of linoleic acid can result in a further therapeutic concept.
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PMID:[The macrophage electrophoretic mobility LAD test--a diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 5 89

A combined familial study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in England and in the Rostock area of the GDR using the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM)-LAD test embracing 132 relatives has revealed a closely similar pattern of distribution of "anomalous" LAD (Linoleic Acid Depression) values in relatives (77% type of reaction) to that originally reported in the British study. The anomaly in predominantly associated with females--all mothers of MS patients being affected, whilst daughters and sisters are also represented. In addition unusual full MS type of reaction (90% reduction) has been found in some children related to patients. There is clearly a genetic element in the development of MS probably mainfested in the inborn mishandling of unsaturated fatty acids suggested by Thompson; no recognizable pattern of inheritance is noticeable even within the combined material. There is evidence that the metabolic anomaly alone does not inevitably lead to MS, and the full abnormality may be present at an early age. A survey about the examinations and a selection of characteristic family trees of MS are given, illustrating the manner in which the 77% type anomaly is distributed with occasional omission of a generation.
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PMID:Anomalous lymphocyte-antigen reaction in relatives of multiple sclerosis patients. A study of a possible genetic factor in the disease. 7 3

In the present paper are discussed the diagnostic problems in M.S., there has been difficulty in certain diagnostic on the first modest signs in a proportion perhaps as high as 20% and the absence of a specific and reliable laboratory test has long been felt. This study describes two specific laboratory tests in M.S. The MEM-LAD test (macrophage electrophoretic mobility linoleic acid depression) and the E-UFA test (erythrocyte-unsaturated fatty acid). It may be noted that whilst the E-UFA and MEM-LAD test will diagnose (or esclude) M.S. the former is simpler, but is limited to M.S., the latter on the other hand once mastered is applicable in the whole range of clinical immunology were lymphocyte sensitisation is to be measured.
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PMID:The diagnostic problem in multiple sclerosis (M.S.): two specific laboratory tests. 7 34

The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as measured by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test is markedly reduced between unrelated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This is not the case with other neurological diseases (OND). Within an MS family, the MLR between the propositus and members of the family falls into the low (MS type) range or into the normal or OND range. Those members who give the low results are those who have a MEM-LAD test result of about 77 per cent, i.e. halfway between that of normal and MS. There is thus a parallelism between the anomalous response to linoleic acid and an unexpectedly low MLR with known MS lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from apparently normal children who have a high (MS-type) linoleic acid depression result take part in an MLR with MS cells, as if they were themselves true MS cells. Some possible implications these findings may have for the pathogenesis of MS are discussed.
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PMID:Mixed lymphocyte reaction in multiple sclerosis. 13 88

Cytopherometry in neurologic diseases is discussed with regard to antigenic reactivity, the formation of cytokines and the direct changes of electrophoretic mobility of immune-competent cells. The Macrophage-Electrophoresis-Mobility (MEM) test, the variants of the method and additional techniques produced some results of diagnostic and immunpathologic value. A general and unspecific sensitization during cellular immune reaction in lesions of the nervous parenchyma was detectable. Using adequate antigens and extended methods of characterisation in the test system, differentiated reactivity, mainly of the inflammatory diseases and in some pathogenetic processes - including a defect of cell-membrane - was found. Typical findings were shown with the MEM-LAD (linoleic acid depression) test in M.S. This technique led to novel pathogenetic, family-genetic and therapeutic aspects. Similar diagnostic progress in various types of brain tumors was shown by using tumorassociated antigens. Analysis of specific factors of cellular immunity was extented by developing a thymosine assay and direct assessment of cytokines, especially fo the MSF (macrophage slowing factor) in the MSF assay. The thymosine assay may prove valuable for the cellular basis of immunologic processes (in particular myasthenia and therapeutic thymectomy). With the direct MSF assay a differentiated high MSF activity in the CSF in chronic neuroimmunologic processes and particularly in M.S. was shown which led to novel aspects of the immunology of the CSF. The characteristics of the MSF, found after column-chromatographic fractionation, showed identical zytokine activity in CSF and the supernatants of lymphocyte-antigen-incubation which lay in the lower range of molecular weight of migration inhibitory lymphokines.
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PMID:[Cytopherometry in neurologic diseases (author's transl)]. 33 99

Previous studies have demonstrated that verapamil possess potent anti-arrhythmic effects. The present study has been designed to define the cardiovascular effects of this drug. Isolated tissue studies performed in rabbit right atrium demonstrated that prompt and prominent slowing of the sinus rate even at a dose of 1 X 10(-7) mol . litre-1. This dose produced significant decrease in action potential amplitude and phase 4 slope, shifted the 'threshold potential' to a less negative value, prolonged action potential duration but did not change maximum diastolic potential. At this dose of verapamil, sinoatrial conduction time prolonged significantly (control: 40.0 +/- 4.8 ms; 1 X 10(-7) mol . litre-1 verapamil: 50.0 +/- 6.4 ms). Purkinje fibre studies demonstrated decreases in dV/dt, resting potential, total amplitude, action potential duration at 75, 95% of recovery and effective refractory period only after exposure to greater than or equal to 1 X 10(-5) mol . litre-1 verapamil. Electrophysiological studies in conscious dogs demonstrated, after bolus administration of verapamil, progressive increases in the A-H interval and heart rate, but no changes in H-V and QRS intervals. Anaesthetised dog studies showed the lack of significant effect on A-H and H-V intervals or QRS duration regardless of the bolus dose of verapamil. However, verapamil produced statistically significant increases in heart rate after 0.025 mg . kg-1. Verapamil administration did not produce a statistically significant change in escape pacemaker rate in vagal stimulation experiments or with spontaneously beating isolated Purkinje fibres. Finally, the effect of increasing intravenous bolus does of verapamil on ischaemic arrhythmias was studied in five conscious dogs 24 h following LAD ligation. Only one dog with ventricular tachycardia and another dog with junctional escape rhythm were converted to sinus rhythm after the 0.05 mg . kg-1 and 0.2 mg . kg-1 doses, respectively. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that administration of verapamil specifically depresses tissue with electrophysiological dependence on slow channel current. Therefore, sinus and A-V nodal events would be suppressed and slow-channel mediated events in ischaemic ventricle also would be inhibited. Clinically, acute administration of verapamil would lead to depression of sinus and A-V nodal function as well as potentially eliminate slow current mechanisms in ischaemic arrhythmias.
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PMID:Electrophysiological effects of verapamil. 74 94

This study correlates the anatomic pathologic coronary anatomy found by arteriography in each of three groups of symptomatic patients, all with coronary artery disease, divided according to the magnitude of ST-segment depression after an adequate submaximal treadmill exercise test. Group I consists of 45 patients with ST-segement depression of 2 mm. or more, Group II of 31 patients with ST-segment depression between 1.0 and 1.9 mm., and Group III, 30 patients with 0 to 0.9 mm. ST-segment depression. Seventy-five per cent of the patients in Group I had critical lesions defined as (1) 75 per cent or greater narrowing of left main coronary artery (LMCA), (2) 75 per cent or greater obstructive left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery both proximal to any major branching, the so-called left main equivalent (LME) lesions, and (3) 90 per cent or more obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary proximal to any major branches. Of patients in Group I, 24 PER CENT Had LMCA lesions, 29 per cent had LAD lesions. Eight-two per cent of Group I patients had two- or three-vessel disease. All patients with LMCA lesions had 2 mm. or more ST-segment depression. Over 95 per cent of patients with "critical" lesions is less than 5 per cent in the presence of an adequate aubmaximal treadmill test that shows less than 1 mm. of ST-segment depression, it is concluded that in such patients with medically controllable angina, coronary arteriography is not necessary.
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PMID:Correlation of "critical" left coronary artery lesions with positive submaximal exercise tests in patients with chest pain. 111 60

Ergometric and coronary angiographic findings were compared in 145 patients with proximal lesions of at least 50% of major coronary arteries. 75% of the patients had had a previous myocardial infarction. The following ergometric parameters occur most frequently in 3-vessel disease. (1) coronary insufficiency persisting after myocardial infarction, (2) ST-segment depression of at least 0.2 mV, (3) maximum exercise tolerance limited to less than 75 Watts. However, these parameters cannot predict 3-vessel disease with absolute certainty, nor can they exclude a single vessel disease. 3-vessel disease is not likely, if there is a maximum heart rate of 150 beats per minute or more. There were only slight differences between patients with 1-vessel disease and patients with 2-vessel disease. Patients who were limited at the 50 Watts level were found to have significant LAD disease, either alone or in combination with other vessels, with the exception of one patient.
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PMID:[Ergometric findings depending on the severity and localization of coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. 120 30

The potentially ischemia-protective effect of ECG-synchronized coronary venous retroperfusion (SRP) with arterial blood via the coronary sinus (CS) was assessed in 26 patients (56 +/- 10 years, 22 male, 4 female) in the clinical scenario of PTCA of a proximal LAD stenosis. In six additional patients the SRP procedure failed due to anatomical or technical reasons. In an intraindividual comparison at least two standardized balloon inflations for 60 seconds at 6-8 atm were performed in randomized order with and without continuous SRP at a flow rate of 200 +/- 46 ml/min. Under both conditions echocardiographic regional wall motion, ST depression in leads V1-6, hemodynamic parameters and symptoms expressed in a pain score were continuously monitored during angioplasty. This study revealed that the echocardiographic regional wall motion score in the perfusion territory of the dilated artery increased from 1.65 +/- 1.81 at baseline to 5.65 +/- 2.88 (p < 0.001) during a one minute dilatation without SRP. With SRP-support the regional wall motion at 1 minute angioplasty was significantly improved to 3.55 +/- 2.80 (p < 0.025). Moreover, the ischemic ECG-changes were markedly less pronounced, whereas the subjective perception of anginal pain was not different as a function of SRP-support. Thus, the simultaneous coronary venous retroperfusion with arterial blood has ischemia-protective potential in elective PTCA of a proximal LAD stenosis and may reduce ischemic dysfunction with prolonged balloon inflations.
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PMID:[Synchronized coronary venous retroperfusion: protection from ischemia in coronary angioplasty (PTCA)]. 149 32

Acute myocardial infarction with simultaneous occlusions of two main branches is very rare, and it is difficult to presume it before performing emergent CAG. We encountered two such cases recently. Case 1 was a 77 year-old woman. She was admitted to our hospital because of anterior chest pain. Emergent CAG disclosed complete occlusions of RCA-Segment 3 and LAD-Segment 7. ICT improved both of them to 90% stenoses. Case 2 was a 58 year-old man. He was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain. Emergent CAG disclosed complete occlusions of RCA-Segment 2 and LAD-Segment 6. ICT improved the former to 99% stenosis, and the latter recanalized. Myocardial dual scintigrams performed during the acute periods showed findings which were consistent with simultaneous occlusion of the two main branches in both cases. We could consider such reasons as coronary vasospasm, state of hyper-coagulability at the onset of myocardial infarction and depression of coronary pressure etc as possible causes of these cases.
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PMID:[Two cases of acute myocardial infarction with simultaneous occlusions of two main branches]. 156 87


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