Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Leukocyte enumeration through flow cytometry has revealed that severe depression may be accompanied by a systemic immune activation, indicative of an inflammatory response. The latter condition allegedly involves an important modification of acute phase plasma protein (APP) equilibrium. 2. In order to elucidate whether the state of severe depression is represented by alterations in APPs, the authors measured: alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT), alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2 M), haptoglobin (Hp), alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (alpha 1 S), transferrin (Tf), complement component 4 (C4) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Interleukin-1-beta (II-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (II-6) circulating levels were determined. 3. Hyperhaptoglobinemia and hypotransferrinemia are hallmarks for major depression and depression per se, respectively. The disorders in Hp and Tf circulating levels are highly sensitive to (83%) and specific for (100%) melancholia as opposed to the healthy state. 4. Disorders in both APPs are significantly related to the absolute number of blood monocytes. 5. The authors observed a trend towards lower alpha 2M and higher alpha 1S values in severely depressed subjects. Severity of depression was significantly related to Hp and alpha 1S (both positively) and to alpha 2M and Tf (both negatively) values. 6. No significant intercategory differences in C4 could be established, whilst only a few subjects exhibited measurable CRP, II-1 beta and II-6 circulating levels. 7. Our findings may support the hypothesis that depression is accompanied by an inflammatory response.
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PMID:Disturbances in acute phase plasma proteins during melancholia: additional evidence for the presence of an inflammatory process during that illness. 137 70

A 55-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of Parkinson's disease and a 6-month history of major depression. The patient's depressive symptoms responded to treatment with fluvoxamine, a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Tryptophan depletion testing, which acutely lowers central serotonin levels, caused a brief exacerbation of the depressive illness, which resolved upon tryptophan repletion. Serotonergic dysfunction may be an etiologic factor in depression that occurs in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Serotonergic dysfunction in depression associated with Parkinson's disease. 835 Oct 31

The prevalence of major depression in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) is approximately three to four times greater than that reported in the general population. In spite of these high prevalence rates, there have been few systematic attempts to investigate the efficacy of treatment for major depression in patients with CLBP. While several studies have examined the efficacy of antidepressant medication and psychological treatment in patients with chronic pain, most of these studies have focused on treating chronic pain rather than depression. The few studies that have specifically addressed the treatment of depression in CLBP indicate that tricyclic antidepressants and cognitive-behavioral approaches may be effective means of treating depressed chronic pain patients. Clinical issues related to diagnostic confounds, rehabilitation outcome, and conceptualizations of the relation between pain and depression are discussed. It is argued that, in patients with clinical levels of depression, treatment modalities specifically targeting depressive symptomatology deserve serious consideration as an integral component of pain management programs.
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PMID:The treatment of depression in chronic low back pain: review and recommendations. 845 72

Recurrent brief depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) have been both recently described as subgroups of major depression (DSM-III-R). We have established a relationship between these two syndromes in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves to a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatric Department of the University of Bonn, FRG. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) in a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20 (SD 9) episodes compared with 6 (SD 5) episodes (P less than 0.001) in the group of seasonal patients without BRD. These episodes were accentuated in fall/winter and outnumbered those in spring/summer significantly (P less than 0.001). The mean duration of each episode was 4.6 (SD 2.6) days in the RBD-seasonal group and 21.8 (SD 29) in the non-RBD-seasonal group. Patients with RBD-seasonal experienced seasonal changes as more of a problem and reported a lower percentage of first-degree relatives with a history of depression than the non-RBD-seasonal group.
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PMID:Recurrent brief depression and its relationship to seasonal affective disorder. 139 Sep 51

Twenty-three adolescents with DSM-III major depressive disorder (endogenous subtype) and 23 normal controls were studied polysomnographically (PSG). The depressed group showed significantly shortened REM latencies (P = 0.005) and longer sleep latencies (P = 0.04). No other PSG measures differentiated the two groups. The implications of these findings for adolescent depression are discussed.
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PMID:REM latency in endogenously depressed adolescents. 139 12

The objective of this study was to determine if moclobemide is an effective treatment for depression and if it is well tolerated by patients. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary ambulatory clinic which treats depression. Fifty-five patients participated. They fit the DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive episode, scored at least 18 on the 17 item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), were between the ages of 18 and 65, and were not suffering from a major medical illness. After a one week washout period, patients were randomly selected to receive placebo, amitriptyline or moclobemide for up to six weeks. Moclobemide is a well-tolerated medication at therapeutic doses; it is globally as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression.
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PMID:A double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of moclobemide and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression. 139 26

It has been hypothesized that anorexia nervosa is characterized by ineffectiveness, interpersonal distrust, and lack of interoceptive awareness. The Eating Disorder Inventory differentiates patients with anorexia nervosa from weight-preoccupied women on the basis of these subscales. To test further the specificity of these characteristics to anorexia nervosa, the Eating Disorder Inventory scores of 20 adolescent girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were compared with those of 21 girls with major depression and 21 girls with both anorexia nervosa and depression. Analyses of variance and discriminant function analysis revealed no significant differences in the scores of the three groups. By 2-year followup, subjects initially diagnosed with only anorexia nervosa showed less psychopathology than those with an additional diagnosis of depression. These findings raise further questions about the overlap between depression and anorexia nervosa and leave open the question of characteristic psychological features in anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:Psychopathology in anorexia nervosa and depression. 140 Jan 14

Observational methods were used to determine whether depressive symptoms in 20 inpatients with major depressive disorder could be observed to change during the course of treatment with antidepressant medication. Four consecutive weekly observation sessions were done using the Emotional Disorders Rating Scale, which collects information about symptoms of depression, mania, anxiety, hostility, and irritability. Only those scales indexing depressive symptoms evidenced change. Significant change was observed between the third and fourth weeks of hospitalization, thereby replicating the findings reported in the adult literature regarding depressive symptoms' responsiveness to antidepressants.
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PMID:Observational measurement of symptoms responsive to treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. 140 42

Depression with cognitive impairment, so called depressive pseudodementia, is commonly mistaken for a neurodegenerative dementia. Using positron emission tomography (PET) derived measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) a cohort of 33 patients with major depression was studied. Ten patients displayed significant and reversible cognitive impairment. The patterns of rCBF of these patients were compared with a cohort of equally depressed non-cognitively impaired depressed patients. In the depressed cognitively impaired patients a profile of rCBF abnormalities was identified consisting of decreases in the left anterior medial prefrontal cortex and increases in the cerebellar vermis. These changes were additional to those seen in depression alone and are distinct from those described in neurodegenerative dementia. The cognitive impairment seen in a proportion of depressed patients would seem to be associated with dysfunction of neural systems distinct from those implicated in depression alone or the neurodegenerative dementias.
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PMID:Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in depressed patients with cognitive impairment. 140 66

Output of melatonin or its main metabolite, 6-sulphatoxy melatonin, provides an index of noradrenergic activity in the pineal gland, which is of interest in major depression and during its treatment with antidepressants. Fifteen female depressed outpatients did not differ in levels of 24-hour urinary 6-sulphatoxy melatonin compared with 13 female control subjects. However, a subgroup of the depressed patients (n = 9) who were treated with desipramine showed a significant elevation of 6-sulphatoxy melatonin levels after 1 week of treatment and a return to baseline levels after 6 weeks. There was also a significant negative correlation between 6-sulphatoxy melatonin levels and symptom severity as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression after 3 weeks of treatment with desipramine. The other subgroup of depressed patients (n = 6) were treated with adinazolam, a benzodiazepine with antidepressant properties. Despite comparable antidepressant effects to those achieved with desipramine, adinazolam was not associated with any apparent change in 6-sulphatoxy melatonin output during 6 weeks of treatment. There was also no correlation between 6-sulphatoxy melatonin levels and symptom severity.
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PMID:Effect of chronic antidepressant treatment with adinazolam and desipramine on melatonin output. 141 73


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