Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-four recent rape victims were assessed for depressive symptomatology using a well-validated self-report instrument in combination with formal psychiatric evaluation. Fifteen subjects were found to be moderately or severely depressed when measured on the self-report questionnaire. A closer examination of these 15 subjects revealed that 8 were suffering from a major depressive disorder. The authors emphasize that all clinicians working with rape victims should be alert to the emergence of depression in this population.
 ...
PMID:Depressive symptoms in rape victims. 16 88

Of 54 male psychiatric patients undergoing dexamethasone suppression tests in a clinical setting, 40% of those with a major depressive disorder showed escape from suppression over the 24 hours after dexamethasone administration, while all of the patients with schizophrenia, neurosis, alcoholism,and drug abuse showed normal pituitary-adrenal suppression. Only 10% of the depressed patients showed resistance to suppression 8 hours after dexamethasone administration. There was no difference between depressed patients who did and did not show escape from suppression in type of previous episodes, family history, symptoms, or medication. However, those who showed escape tended to respond better to treatment and to be rated as having a more severe depression. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are not yet clear.
 ...
PMID:The 24-hour dexamethasone suppression test in a clinical setting: relationship to diagnosis, symptoms, and response to treatment. 42 40

A total of 83 patients receiving diagnoses of major depressive disorder in the pilot phase of the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression were used to evaluate two newer methods of classifying depressive disorders on the basis of family history or course. A third subtype based on family history, nonfamilial depression, was compared with the two subtypes originally proposed by Winokur and colleagues, pure depression and depression spectrum diseases. The system for classifying depressions on the basis of course and antecedent disorder, primary vs secondary depression, was also compared. These data from the pilot study indicate that two newer systems for classification have some predictive, construct, and content validity, but both are in need of further investigation before they become accepted methods for the classification of depressive disorders.
 ...
PMID:Newer experimental methods for classifying depression. A report from the NIMH collaborative pilot study. 42 12

The introduction of two tricyclic compounds (iprindole and mianserin) that are reported to have antidepressant properties but to be relatively devoid of effects on central amine neurotransmitter systems has raised questions about the amine hypothesis of depression and about the mechanism of action of tricyclics in general. In view of the importance of these questions, a critical review of both the clinical and pharmacological profiles of iprindole and mianserin was undertaken. Iprindole is a relatively weak inhibitor of both norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin, whereas mianserin possesses at least modest potency as an inhibitor of NE uptake. However, the evidence is as yet insufficient to prove the superiority of iprindole over placebo in the treatment of those depressions characterized by endogenous symptoms. In considering the pharmacological profiles of these two drugs together with their clinical profiles, the data are not inconsistent with the hypothesized role of biogenic amines in major depression.
 ...
PMID:Novel antidepressants and the biogenic amine hypothesis of depression. The case for iprindole and mianserin. 47 43

In a pilot study of 150 manic or depressive patients, the authors used the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and schizophrenia (SADS) to perform preliminary analysis of symptom pictures of the index episode of different diagnostic groups, joint diagnostic classification of the different subtypes of major depressive disorder, and differential outcome by diagnostic groups. The results suggest that schizophrenic symptoms in affective disorders do have diagnostic and prognostic significance, that the term "psychotic depression" should be limited to impaired reality testing without reference to degree of incapacitation, that situational-nonsituational and endogenous-nonendogenous classifications are separate depressive subtypes, and that it may not be true that patients with endogenous major depressive disorder have a better prognosis than patients with nonendogenous depression.
 ...
PMID:Use of the Research Diagnostic Criteria and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia to study affective disorders. 75 28

Levels of acute phase and other plasma proteins were measured in 21 men with major depression, 28 men with alcohol dependence, and 12 men who acted as controls. The depressed men had significantly elevated levels of the acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and of immunoglobulin G. The elevations in haptoglobin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were highly correlated with each other, and were correlated with the severity of depression and negatively correlated with the thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin. The alcoholic men had elevated haptoglobin levels, but significantly decreased levels of immunoglobulin G. These findings provide further evidence for an inflammatory response during depression.
 ...
PMID:Elevated levels of acute phase plasma proteins in major depression. 128 77

Seven (21%) of 34 patients with a severe DSM-III diagnosis of major depression had red-cell folate levels below 150 ng/ml. This subgroup with folate deficiency had significantly lower CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) compared to neurological controls. For all depressed patients red-cell folate was significantly correlated with CSF 5HIAA and homovanillic acid (HVA). CSF tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) was significantly correlated with CSF 5HIAA and HVA and red-cell folate. Our observations provide further evidence of the links between folate, biopterin and monoamine metabolism in depression.
 ...
PMID:Folate deficiency, biopterin and monoamine metabolism in depression. 128 23

Changes of serotonin2 (5HT2) receptors have been described in depression, and long-term antidepressant treatment has been shown to decrease the number of 5HT2 receptors. In this study, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), with 2-123I-ketanserin as a ligand, was used to investigate 5HT2 receptors in vivo in the brain of depressed patients and normal volunteers. A higher uptake of the tracer was observed in the parietal cortex of the patients, and there was a right greater than left asymmetry in the infero-frontal region of the depressed subjects and not in that of the control subjects. These findings could indicate changes in 5HT2 receptors in major depression.
 ...
PMID:SPECT imaging of serotonin2 receptors in depression. 129 40

The rationale for the development of Repertory-Grid based quality of life assessment (QOL) is described. The emergent scale, the SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale (SBQOL) utilizes 23 predetermined constructs and three fixed elements: self now, ideal self and sick self. Inclusion of the latter two elements provides a personal frame of reference for the individual and recognizes the highly idiosyncratic and subjective nature of the experience which constitutes quality of life. A study of the validity and reliability of the SBQOL was conducted in 129 patients presenting to their GP with either major depression or generalized anxiety disorder, as defined by DSM III R. Patients were treated at the discretion of their GP and followed over a period of 12 weeks with assessments of treatment efficacy being performed at 6 weeks and 12 weeks in parallel with administration of the SBQOL. The results from co-administration of standard efficacy measures such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) with the SBQOL, provided good evidence of construct validity. Evidence in support of the concurrent validity of the SBQOL was provided by co-administration of the Sickness Impact Profile and General Health Questionnaire (external criteria) with the SBQOL scale. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were high. No obvious advantage was conferred by the use of principal components analysis from the Flexigrid software package in contrast to a simple arithmetical procedure for computing interelement distances. It is concluded that the SBQOL provides a valid, reliable and practicable approach to the assessment of quality of life in patients with affective disorder.
 ...
PMID:The SmithKline Beecham 'quality of life' scale: a validation and reliability study in patients with affective disorder. 129 71

The risk for depression increases at two opposite times of the year--late spring/early summer and late fall/early winter. In 15% of patients with recurrent major depression, depressive episodes regularly recur on an annual basis in one of the two seasonal risk periods. Thus, there are primarily two forms of seasonal affective disorder: recurrent fall-winter depression and recurrent spring-summer depression. The opposite seasonal types of depression tend to have opposite vegetative symptoms. Sleep, appetite and weight increase in winter depression and decrease in summer depression. An important implication of the seasonality of depression is that some type of depression may be caused by changes in the physical environment and that manipulations of the physical environment may be used as treatments. There is now extensive evidence that exposure to bright artificial light is an effective treatment of recurrent winter depression. A corollary is that seasonal deficiency of natural light probably induces winter depression. There have been considerable efforts to elucidate the biological mechanisms of winter depression and its response to phototherapy. Although no single system has been shown to be responsible for the syndrome, there is evidence that the indole hormone melatonin, the indole neurotransmitter serotonin, and the peptide neurohormone corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) play roles in the pathophysiology and phototherapy of winter depression.
 ...
PMID:Seasonal vulnerability to depression. Implications for etiology and treatment. 130 42


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>