Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and roentgenographic findings were compared in patients 40 years of age and over and in those under 40 who were treated for acute unilateral pneumothorax. Dyspnea and anxiety were pominent in the older individuals, although pneumothoraces were usually small. Because physical findings were often unreliable, roentgenograms were required. In the presence of pulmonary emphysema, loss of retractility prevented total collapse of the underlying lung. Increased intrapleural pressure caused over-expansion of the chest wall and the depression of the diaphragm without much mediastinal shifting. Partial collapse of emphysematous lobes demonstrated bullae that were not previously obvious. Respiratory failure developed in five patients over 40 years of age, but four of them recovered after relief of the pneumothorax. Mortality for the group was low and related to associated pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:Pneumothorax complicating pulmonary emphysema. 117 69

Home oxygen therapy (HOT) has released patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) from hospitalization for the rest of their lives, and has brought some relief from their physical restriction due to CRF. However, some new psychosocial problems have arisen from this home care treatment. Research has been performed on 85 patients in our hospital by: (1) comprehensive psychosomatic questionnaire for patients with long-term oxygen therapy, (2) CMI, (3) SRQ-D (depression), (4) MAS and Questionnaire C of JMHW-CRF research group. The results of (1) indicated some problems in the majority of patients. Also in SRQ-D, about half of the patients showed a depressive state. In MAS, more than a few patients revealed a high anxiety level concretely, recognized psychosocial problems with loss of desire for treatment pessimism recording their prognosis, in addition to loss of QOL. All the above and an understanding by the staff of the psychosocial situation of patients and a grasp of their mental state are extremely important in the long-term care of HOT patients.
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PMID:[Psychosocial features of the patients with home oxygen therapy]. 130 23

Effect of streptomycin on respiratory function in cats was studied. It was observed that streptomycin at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight intravenously (i.v.) caused respiratory failure or streptomycin induced respiratory depression (SIRD). This respiratory failure is not linked with Herring-Breuer stretch receptors because the effect remained unaltered in artificially ventilated cats. The involvement of central structures in SIRD can be discarded since intracarotid and intraventricular administration of streptomycin failed to produce any change in respiration. Studies on monosynaptic reflex, dorsal and ventral root activities of spinal phrenic and intercostal nerves, and on fusimotor and alpha-motor neuron activities of spinal intercostal and phrenic nerves in decerebrated cats indicated clearly that respiratory depression is not only due to blockade at neuromuscular junction but due to functional depression at the level of muscle receptors and spinal cord motor neurons. The respiratory depression induced by streptomycin was more or less completely reversed when calcium was administered intravenously from external source. It is speculated that streptomycin induced respiratory depression may be mediated through calcium inhibition which can be treated with external calcium in conjunction with artificial respiration.
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PMID:Calcium as a counteractive agent to streptomycin induced respiratory depression: an in vivo electrophysiological observation. 134 87

A 77-year-old woman who had undergone surgery of a non-malignant extracerebral retro-orbital tumor suffered postoperatively from respiratory failure due to impaired respiratory drive and unconsciousness of unknown origin and required artificial ventilation for 14 days. After cerebral and endocrinological causes had been excluded, the residual effects of diazepam were taken into consideration, since the patient had received this substance for premedication and during 3 days postoperatively (total 165 mg). After the application of flumazenil (Anexate), a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, she awoke immediately and was extubated with sufficient spontaneous breathing. The hypothesis that diazepam was the causative agent for the respiratory failure and impaired consciousness was supported by the detection of high serum concentrations of diazepam and its active metabolite desmethyldiazepam. During the following 3 days repetitive injections of flumazenil were necessary to counteract recurring depression of respiration and vigilance. Thereafter further application of flumazenil was not necessary.
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PMID:[Extreme duration of action of diazepam as a cause of respiratory insufficiency in a female geriatric patient]. 139 57

Paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of Penicillium paraherquei and P charlesii, is a new anthelmintic with potential broad-spectrum use. In initial trials, it had an excellent safety profile in cattle and sheep at doses efficacious against a dozen or more helminths, but recently it produced unexpected and severe toxicosis in dogs at doses far below those that were safe in the ruminants. To provide data on which to build rational safety tests in the future, we tested the acute toxicity of paraherquamide administered PO to male CD-1 mice and compared its profile with the most potent anthelmintic known, ivermectin. The estimated doses lethal to 50% of a group of mice were 14.9 and 29.5 mg/kg of body weight for paraherquamide and ivermectin, respectively. The no-effect doses were 5.6 and 18.0 mg/kg for paraherquamide and ivermectin, respectively. Signs of intoxication in paraherquamide-treated mice, if they developed, emanated within 30 minutes of administration, irrespective of dose, and consisted of either mild depression with complete recovery or a 5- to 10-minute period of breathing difficulty followed by respiratory failure and death by 1 hour after treatment. Gross necropsy findings in paraherquamide-treated mice that died in the high-dose group were normal. Ivermectin-related toxicity was slower and more predictable, taking place over a 3-day period, with dose-dependent signs of intoxication consisting of tremors, ataxia, recumbency, coma, and death. Necropsy of ivermectin-treated mice that died in the high-dose group revealed dehydration, a condition most likely resulting from the coma-induced state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute toxicity of paraherquamide and its potential as an anthelmintic. 146 98

The correlation of endotoxin (ET), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cellular immune parameters with multiple organ failure and lethal outcome in intraabdominal infections was studied in a group of 18 patients with peritonitis, abscess or pancreatitis. Of these patients, 7 developed respiratory failure and 5 died due to multiple septic organ failure. The peak levels of ET (2.7 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) in the course of the disease were followed by moderate increases of TNF-alpha (mean 147 +/- 41 pg/ml) and IL-6 (170 +/- 61 pg/ml) within 2 days. Analysis of the parameters for the last 12 days prior to death or discharge showed, that the patient group with lethal outcome was characterized by significant lower mean plasma levels of TNF-alpha (less than 75 pg/ml versus greater than 160 pg/ml) and IL-6 (less than 130 pg/ml versus greater than 270 pg/ml), as well as high rates of unstimulated thymidine uptake into peripheral mononuclear blood cells (greater than 44000 cpm/8 x 10(6) PMBC/18 h versus less than 24000 cmp), T-lymphocyte depression (CD3; approximately greater than 40% reduction) with lower T-helper/inducer subset cell numbers (mean CD:CD8 ratio 1.0 +/- 0.55 versus 1.8 +/- 0.2) and lower lectin (PHA) stimulation values (1.9 +/- 1.4 versus 4.1 +/- 1.0). These data demonstrate an anergic immune status with low mediator levels and depressed T-lymphocyte function in patients with poor prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Endotoxin, TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and parameters of the cellular immune system in patients with intraabdominal sepsis. 150 42

SK&F 101926 is a synthetic octapeptide which was designed to promote free water excretion by antagonizing the action of antidiuretic hormone. The clinical and pathologic changes in rats resulting from lethal doses of SK&F 101926 have suggested that death is associated with respiratory failure and/or cardiovascular collapse. To define the relationships between respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse, and death, respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were monitored in anesthetized rats following the intravenous administration of SK&F 101926 at a dosage (3 mg/kg) which resulted in 70% mortality. Within 5 min after receiving this dosage, mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to values between 30 and 40 mm Hg in all rats. This degree of hypotension was well tolerated by some rats and, consequently, was not considered to be the cause of death. Deaths occurred between 9 and 58 min after dosing and were preceded by respiratory depression involving marked reductions in respiratory rate and the lack of compensatory increases in tidal volume. At the time of respiratory arrest, heart rates remained above 200 beats/min, mean arterial blood pressure remained between 30 and 40 mm Hg, and there were no consistent changes in dynamic lung compliance or total pulmonary resistance. Pretreatment of rats with a mast cell stabilizing agent (disodium cromoglycate), a mast cell degranulating agent (compound 48/80), or a histamine/5-hydroxytryptamine blocking agent (cyproheptadine) prevented the reductions in respiratory rate and death caused by SK&F 101926. These pretreatments also reduced the effect of SK&F 101926 on blood pressure, but were not able to completely prevent the hypotension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Respiratory and cardiovascular changes associated with toxic doses of a peptide antagonist of vasopressin in the rat. 160 Dec 32

Cocaine-induced changes in respiratory rate (f), tidal volume (VT), total pulmonary ventilation (VE), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and total pulmonary resistance (RL) were measured in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing Sprague-Dawley rats using a whole-body plethysmograph and an esophageal manometer. Carotid arterial pressure and heart rate were simultaneously monitored. An intravenous (i.v.) dose of 10 mg/kg of cocaine was lethal in all rats tested with death resulting from respiratory failure occurring between 0.25 and 1.5 min after dosing. At an i.v. dosage of 5 mg/kg, cocaine was nonlethal, although a reduction in VE was evident during the first minute after dosing. This reduction in VE was due to a decrease in f and the lack of a compensatory increase in VT. A slight decrease in RL also became evident approximately five minutes after dosing. Pretreatment with the nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine (10 mg/kg) prevented the cocaine-induced depression in VE by reducing the decrease in f and blocking the inhibition of a compensatory increase in VT. In contrast, pretreatment with the nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1 mg/kg) potentiated the cocaine-induced decrease in VE by enhancing the depression of f. Pretreatment with propranolol also caused a cocaine-dependent decrease in Cdyn. At a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg, labetalol, a compound possessing both nonselective alpha- and beta 1-antagonist activity (1:7) appeared to cause only a minimal potentiation of the cocaine-induced depressions in VE and f. Pretreatment with propranolol or labetalol also resulted in the death of 20% of the rats administered 5 mg/kg of cocaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of adrenergic antagonists on cocaine-induced changes in respiratory function. 168 53

Acrylonitrile (VCN) is an aliphatic nitrile which is used extensively in manufacturing of synthetic fibers, plastics, and rubber. Although the neurotoxicity of VCN is recognized, no thorough characterization of this effect has been reported. Current studies were designed to quantitatively characterize the acute phase of VCN-induced cholinomimetic neurotoxicity, and to determine the effects of dose, route of administration, and atropine on such toxicity. Administration of a single gavage or subcutaneous doses of 20, 40, or 80 mg VCN/kg to male Sprague-Dawley rats causes two distinctive phases of acute neurotoxic effects. Signs observed in the early phase had a rapid onset, and were cholinomimetic in nature. They included salivation, lacrimation, chromodacryorrhea, polyuria, miosis, vasodilatation in face, ears and extremities, increased gastric secretion, and diarrhea. A late phase developed hours after VCN dosing, and the toxic signs included depression, convulsions, and respiratory failure followed by death at high doses. These results revealed that the cholinomimetic toxicity induced by VCN was dose related regardless of the route of administration. In another study, rats were pretreated with atropine (1 mg/kg, IP) prior to VCN (40 mg/kg) in order to investigate the role of the cholinergic system. Atropine protected rats against VCN-induced cholinomimetic neurotoxicity, suggesting possible involvement of the cholinergic system. Finally, this work provides essential basic information for studying the biochemical, pharmacological, and neurological basis of VCN-induced neurotoxicity in the rat.
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PMID:Assessment of the acute acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in rats. 175 2

Patients at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require rehabilitation services. These patients present problems for each of the disciplines in a rehabilitation team, and all team members must confront the psychosocial and ethical issues involved with the disease. Patients with HIV infection may have polyneuropathy with multisystem involvement, including dysphagia, autonomic dysfunction, respiratory failure, bowel and bladder dysfunction, generalized weakness, a painful sensory neuropathy, and depression. Guidelines are presented for determining if inpatient rehabilitation or other settings are appropriate. Case management is a valuable strategy for the rehabilitation of patients with this complicated disorder.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and diffuse polyneuropathy. Implications for rehabilitation medicine. 186 48


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