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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psoriasis is a skin disease typically presenting with sharply demarcated, inflammatory, erythematous plaques with characteristic silver-white scaling due to epidermal hyperproliferation and parakeratosis secondary to the inflammation. The name derives from pisigmaomicronrhoalpha (mange or scabies), and in ancient times the disease was confused with leprosy resulting in expulsion from society. Hence, both itching and social stigmatization are major problems affecting patients with psoriasis. Today, psoriasis is recognized as a genetically determined, autoimmune, T cell mediated systemic disease manifesting on the skin, nails and joints and associated with a number of co-morbidities. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies are antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and keratolytic. The extent and severity of disease (PASI), impairment of life quality (DLQI), and affected anatomic regions (inverse, palmoplantar, nails) as well as co-morbidities (arthritis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, depression) determine the therapy. In 80 % of cases psoriasis is mild or moderate and sufficiently treated with topical corticosteroids, vitamin D-analogues, and phototherapy. 20 % of patients suffer from severe psoriasis, necessitating systemic drugs such as acitretin, methotrexate, ciclosporin A or the newer biologic agents. Especially in severe psoriasis, psychological strain, co-morbidities, and medico-economic aspects must be taken into account.
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PMID:[Psoriasis]. 2033 15

Studies assessing sexual dysfunction in type 2 diabetic women are scanty. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of female sexual function in a quite large population of diabetic women. A total of 595 women with type 2 diabetes completed a questionnaire of self-report measures of sexual dysfunction and were analyzed in this study. Their age was 57.9+/-6.9 (mean and s.d.), duration of diabetes was 5.2+/-1.5 years and mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 8.3+/-1.3%. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) was assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index instrument with a cut-off score of 23. The overall prevalence of FSD among the diabetic women was 53.4%, significantly higher in menopausal women (63.9%), as compared with nonmenopausal women (41.0%, P<0.001). There was no association between HbA1c, duration of diabetes, hypertension, or cigarette smoking status and FSD; on the contrary, age, metabolic syndrome and atherogenic dyslipidemia were significantly associated with FSD. Both depression and marital status were independent predictors of FSD, while physical activity was protective. Further studies are needed to elucidate in full the mechanisms underlying the evident differences between male and female sexual function. In the meantime, evaluation of female sexuality should become a routine evaluation in women with type 2 diabetes, such as other diabetic complications.
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PMID:Determinants of female sexual dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. 2037 56

Depression has been likened to a state of "accelerated aging," and depressed individuals have a higher incidence of various diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and dementia. Chronic exposure to certain interlinked biochemical pathways that mediate stress-related depression may contribute to "accelerated aging," cell damage, and certain comorbid medical illnesses. Biochemical mediators explored in this theoretical review include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (e.g., hyper- or hypoactivation of glucocorticoid receptors), neurosteroids, such as dehydroepiandrosterone and allopregnanolone, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, excitotoxicity, oxidative and inflammatory stress, and disturbances of the telomere/telomerase maintenance system. A better appreciation of the role of these mediators in depressive illness could lead to refined models of depression, to a re-conceptualization of depression as a whole body disease rather than just a "mental illness," and to the rational development of new classes of medications to treat depression and its related medical comorbidities.
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PMID:Depression gets old fast: do stress and depression accelerate cell aging? 2037 37

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with dysregulated immune systems and impaired T cell function, but data on depression-related alterations in the levels of immunomodulatory growth factors are scarce. In order to further clarify the mechanisms underlying immune system dysregulation in depressed subjects, we examined the associations between MDD and serum levels of two immunomodulatory growth factors, interleukin (IL)-7 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), in 122 subjects (MDD with long-term symptomatology, n=61; controls, n=61). The MDD subjects had lowered levels of IL-7. In a model adjusted for age, gender and body mass index, subjects in the lowest tertile of IL-7 had a 3.4-fold increased likelihood for MDD (p=0.010). Further adjustments for sleep disturbances, alcohol use, smoking, and metabolic syndrome did not alter these findings. Moreover, the exclusion of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications or oral corticosteroids only slightly attenuated the findings. The G-CSF levels did not differ between the two groups. The lowering of the serum levels of IL-7, a regulator of T cell homeostasis, in MDD subjects may underlie the depression-related impaired T cell function.
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PMID:Serum IL-7 and G-CSF in major depressive disorder. 2038 96

Psoriasis is an inflammatory, immune-mediated cutaneous disorder that has recently been recognized as systemic disease that is associated with multiple comorbidities such as depression, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is the constellation of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance, and presence of the metabolic syndrome significantly increases a patient's risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have found that psoriasis patients are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome as well as the individual components of metabolic syndrome, and the two diseases appear linked through a common mechanism of inflammation. Speculation exists as to whether this association is causative or whether it is the result of other habits seen in psoriasis patients, such as increased rates of smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary lifestyle, which add to the complexity of the association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. However, psoriasis treatments have been shown to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome components and comorbidities. Future studies are needed to better understand the nature of this relationship and the implications this could have for management and treatment of patients with psoriasis.
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PMID:Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. 2041 20

Sleep duration, sleep continuity, and depression are associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Despite the well-established relationship between sleep and depression, few studies examine these characteristics simultaneously in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we review available studies that include measures of both sleep and depression in relation to cardiometabolic outcomes (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome). In general, data show that independent of depression, sleep continuity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and short or long sleep duration is a risk factor for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Results for associations between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease, and associations between sleep continuity and metabolic disease, are more mixed. Regarding depression, there is preliminary evidence that depression increases risk for cardiovascular disease, independent of sleep continuity. However, there are insufficient data to address whether relationships between depression and cardiovascular and metabolic disease are independent of sleep duration. A number of biobehavioral mechanisms, including inflammation, hypothalamic and sympathetic dysregulation, and obesity and health behaviors, may account for the relationships among sleep, depression, and cardiometabolic disease. After summarizing these mechanisms, we discuss limitations of the extant literature and suggest directions for future research.
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PMID:Are sleep and depression independent or overlapping risk factors for cardiometabolic disease? 2049 95

In statistical analyses, metabolic syndrome as a dependent variable is often utilized in a binary form (presence/absence) where the logistic regression model is used to estimate the odds ratio as the measure of association between health-related factors and metabolic syndrome. Since metabolic syndrome is a common outcome the interpretation of odds ratio as an approximation to prevalence or risk ratio is questionable as it may overestimate its intended target. In addition, dichotomizing a variable that could potentially be treated as discrete may lead to reduced statistical power. In this paper, the authors treat metabolic syndrome as a discrete outcome by defining it as the count of syndrome components. The goal of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of alternative generalized linear models for analysis of metabolic syndrome as a count outcome and compare the results with models that utilize the binary form. Empirical data were used to examine the association between depression and metabolic syndrome. Measures of association were calculated using two approaches; models that treat metabolic syndrome as a binary outcome (the logistic, log-binomial, Poisson, and the modified Poisson regression) and models that utilize metabolic syndrome as discrete/count data (the Poisson and the negative binomial regression). The method that treats metabolic syndrome as a count outcome (Poisson/negative binomial regression model) appears more sensitive in that it is better able to detect associations and hence can serve as an alternative to analyze metabolic syndrome as count dependent variable and provide an interpretable measure of association.
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PMID:Comparison of statistical approaches to evaluate factors associated with metabolic syndrome. 2054 80

Our aim is to investigate, through a broad review of medical literature, the role of depressive syndrome on the adherence to lifestyle modifications (TLC) in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic computerized literature search of MEDLINE using the following key words: depressive syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle, physical activity, diet, smoking, blood pressure, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. We have considered metanalyses studies, reviews, original articles, case-control studies published between 1992 and 2010. Furthermore, we have considered the impact of depressive syndrome on the different cardiovascular risk factors. From our search we have selected 42 English articles published between 1992 and 2010 of whose 16 were longitudinal cohort studies, 5 research reports, 10 longitudinal case-control studies, 2 metanalyses, 5 reviews and 4 prevalence studies. All our selected studies agree to give to depressive syndrome a negative role on the adherence to lifestyle modifications. For this reason, depression represents an indirect and independent cardiovascular risk factor that needs to be detected and treated for a successful cardiovascular prevention.
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PMID:[Impact of depression syndrome in the management of cardiovascular risk factors in primary prevention: State of the art]. 2058 42

Metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increasingly have been linked to depression. The authors studied examined inpatients 35 years and older with major depressive disorder (MDD) to determine the prevalence of component metabolic abnormalities and the full MetS with age, treatment, and comorbid dementia. Data analysis involved retrospective cross-sectional review from a nonprofit psychiatry inpatient service of all discharges 35 years and older with a diagnosis of MDD during a 3 year period (April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2006) (N=1718). Metabolic measures included waist circumference, lipid measurements, glucose, and hypertension diagnosis. Abnormal metabolic measures and MetS were highly prevalent in both young and old patients with MDD: one or more component was present in 87.6% of older (65-99 years old) and 79.9% of younger patients. Full MetS was present in 31.5% of older and 28.9% of younger patients (not significant, P=0.85). Metabolic abnormalities were not associated with atypical antipsychotics after controlling other variables. One-quarter (n=79, 24.9%) of older inpatients had a dementia co-diagnosis. Older patients with MDD and dementia had greater risk of elevated glucose while younger patients were more often hypertensive. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the relationships of MDD with or without dementia with these highly prevalent abnormal metabolic measures and MetS.
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PMID:Metabolic abnormalities in adult and geriatric major depression with and without comorbid dementia. 2059 Oct 94

Obesity increases overall morbidity mainly by the increased mass of fat tissues and by the hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory molecules by the abdominal tissue. Coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus are the main complications linked to the inflammatory low-grade syndrome whereas arthritis is linked to the adipocytes mass. Many other complications are associated with obesity: steato-hepatitis, glomerulo-sclerosis, digestive diseases such as gallstones, hypofertility, psychosocial dysfunction and depression and certain cancers. Obesity is also a risk factor for pregnancy and surgery. Most of these complications are reversible after a substantial weight loss.
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PMID:[Radical complications of obesity]. 2061 95


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