Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in 6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
 ...
PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders: a review of 21 patients. 913 Mar 38

Calcium is an important second messenger that affects metabolic and physiological activities of developing and mature neurons. It has been reported that electrical activity is abnormal in cultured hippocampal and DRG neurons from the trisomy 16 (Ts16) mouse, a model for Down syndrome (trisomy 21-Ts21 in human). Whole-cell voltage-clamp, radiolabeled ligand binding techniques and mRNA measurements were used to study the effect of Ts16 on voltage-dependent calcium currents in cultured fetal hippocampal neurons from the Ts16 mouse. In neither Ts16 nor control diploid neurons were low-voltage-activated calcium currents detected. However, a high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium current was identified and shown to be dihydropyridine sensitive. The density of this HVA calcium current was 80% greater in Ts16 neurons than in control. This difference correlated with a 70% increase in binding of radiolabeled dihydropyridine, PN200-110, a marker of L-type calcium channels. However, mRNA levels encoding the alpha1C and alpha1D subunits were unchanged in the Ts16 neurons. In contrast, mRNA level of the myo-inositol transporter, the gene for which is located on mouse chromosome 16, was elevated in Ts16 neurons due to a gene-dosage effect. Therefore, it is likely that posttranscriptional regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent calcium channels is abnormal in Ts16. As dihydropyridine sensitive HVA Ca channels are implicated in heterosynaptic long-term depression and long-term potentiation, the differences reported here, if also present in the Down syndrome brain, may contribute to mental retardation in that disorder.
 ...
PMID:Increased expression of voltage-activated calcium channels in cultured hippocampal neurons from mouse trisomy 16, a model for Down syndrome. 960 27

An 18-year-old female with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome underwent the fixation of prolapsus recti. She had significant microgenia, mental retardation and pharyngeal airway stenosis. During induction of anesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide, severe upper airway obstruction and respiratory depression occurred. The mask ventilation with jaw lift maneuver was impossible. Lowering anesthetic level restored her spontaneous breathing and airway patency. Although the direct laryngoscopic view under light anesthesia with halothane was limited to the epiglottic tip, blind orotracheal intubation using stylet was accomplish after several attempts. At the end of anesthesia, the tracheal tube was extubated after the patient had become fully awake and had recovered completely from neuromuscular blockade monitored by electromyography.
 ...
PMID:[Management of difficult airway during induction of anesthesia in a patient with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome]. 972 Mar 37

Present study was carried out at child guidance clinic of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. Sample consisted of 300 children (175 boys and 125 girls of aged 2-12 years) from November, 1994 to October, 1996. Diagnoses were made by using ICD-10 criteria. The major diagnoses were mental retardation (20.6%), epilepsy (20%), hysterical conversion reaction (6.3%), ADHD (5%) and childhood depression (6%).
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children. 1032 95

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is characterized by behavioral or cognitive change from baseline for at least 30 minutes with EEG evidence of seizures. Categorized into complex partial status epilepticus (with lateralized seizures), and generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus (bilateral diffuse synchronous seizures), there is debate regarding the diagnosis and morbidity of NCSE. Because EEG is needed for diagnosis, only a high index of suspicion leads to a request for the study, whereas EEG is often unavailable after hours or on weekends. Furthermore, the cognitive changes during NCSE are often incorrectly ascribed to a postictal state, intoxication, psychogenic or psychotic states, and mental retardation. Regarding categorization, present classifications address EEG features but fail to distinguish among depths of coma. Deeply comatose patients (with coma etiologies that themselves carry poor prognoses) are mixed with lightly obtunded patients with no morbidity, confusing the prognosis. Thus, a classification that subsumes depth of coma, and possibly etiology, is sorely warranted. Regarding treatment, comatose NCSE patients treated with benzodiazepines may worsen, whereas generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus patients may suffer iatrogenically from aggressive treatment (hypotension and respiratory depression) necessitating balancing the potential neurologic morbidity of NCSE against the possible morbidity of IV antiepileptic drugs. A high index of suspicion is needed to initiate EEG studies. Better stratification of level of consciousness will be needed to distinguish among morbidity due to underlying conditions, treatment, and the effects of status epilepticus, proper.
 ...
PMID:Assessing the outcomes in patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus: nonconvulsive status epilepticus is underdiagnosed, potentially overtreated, and confounded by comorbidity. 1047 7

Serial EEG recordings beginning immediately after birth are not only of great diagnostic and prognostic value but also useful to elucidate the timing and the mode of brain injuries in the preterm newborn. It is extremely useful to distinguish between acute stage and chronic stage EEG abnormalities. The former is characterized by findings of acute depression such as increased discontinuity, decreased faster frequency activities, and lowered amplitudes. The latter mainly includes dysmature patterns and disorganized patterns. The timing of brain insult can be assessed by considering EEG findings in relation to the time of birth. Different modes of brain injury are associated with different types of EEG abnormalities and different types of neurological outcome. Sudden strong brain insults are usually associated with findings of severe depression followed by disorganized pattern and later cerebral palsy, while persistent mild insults are usually associated with prolonged mild depression followed by dysmature pattern and later mental retardation. Routine serial EEG studies in preterm infants demonstrated that one fourth of cerebral palsies in these infants were of antenatal origin, two thirds of perinatal origin and postnatal injuries played the least role. Periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) manifesting itself on the ultrasound in the late neonatal period and suggesting postnatal origin was often found to be of antenatal origin with an EEG soon after birth. PVL without apparent causes was often associated with abnormal fetal heart rate patterns and early neonatal EEG abnormalities, and considered to have originated in the antepartum period.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal EEG: a powerful tool in the assessment of brain damage in preterm infants. 1048 68

Depression is a relatively common health issue in children and adolescents. Different pathogenetic factors are implied: genetic, biological, psychological and environmental. The core symptoms of depression are the same for children, adolescents and adults but the prominence of characteristic symptoms changes with age. The clinical picture of depression according to age level is described in different types of mood disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar disorder) and in mental retardation. Over half of the youths with depression have comorbid conditions: anxiety disorders, other mood disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorders. Different factors affect the natural course and risk of suicide. Assessment procedures of depression and comorbid conditions include a psychiatric evaluation of the depressed subject and his family, structured interviews and specific rating scales. A comprehensive treatment strategy, psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological, is proposed.
 ...
PMID:Depressive disorder in children and adolescents. 1072 95

Weak support for linkage of schizophrenia to proximal Xq has previously been reported. In addition, an increased prevalence of thyroid disorder has been noted in families of individuals with schizophrenia. Recently, a gene mapped to Xq13 termed HOPA has been found to be associated with mental retardation, hypothyroidism, and depression and to function as a coactivator for the thyroid receptor. We therefore examined the HOPA gene in a group of 111 probands from a larger cohort of multiplex families with schizophrenia, several of whom (n = 53) also had a family history of hypothyroidism. Four males and two females were found with an alteration in exon 42 of the HOPA gene compared with 8/492 males and 18/471 females (942 X chromosomes) compared with consecutively screened newborns (chi(2) = 3.92, P < 0.05). However, when available family members of each of the probands with an exon 42 variation were subsequently screened, the mutation did not segregate with schizophrenia in three of five families, although all 6 probands with an exon 42 variation did have hypothyroidism in either themselves (n = 3) or their mothers (n = 3) (P < 0.008). These findings replicate prior findings demonstrating an association between HOPA polymorphisms and hypothyroidism. In addition, the increased frequency of HOPA variants in this population may also provide a genetic basis for the familial association of thyroid disease and schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of a candidate gene for schizophrenia on Xq13 previously associated with mental retardation and hypothyroidism. 1089 21

A variety of behavioral and emotional problems have been associated with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) in children of average intellect. In contrast, little is known about concomitant behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD and mental retardation. In this study, we used the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised to assess the behavioral adjustment of 48 children with mental retardation and ADHD compared to that of 47 children with mental retardation without ADHD. The ADHD group had significantly more symptoms of depression, family conflict, noncompliance, anxiety, hyperactivity, inadequate social skills, and academic problems. Results are strongly suggestive of significant behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD and mental retardation, thus mirroring the pattern associated with ADHD in the general school-age population.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of behavioral adjustment and maladjustment in mental retardation: comparison of children with and without ADHD. 1093 66

Whether the Psychopathology Inventory for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA) could detect specific psychopathological disorders was investigated in 652 subjects with different levels of mental retardation living in the community or in residential facilities. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out to check the scale organization of PIMRA. The Anxiety, Adjustment Disorder, Somatoform Disorder, and Soundness Scales were confirmed by 4 corresponding factors; the Psychosexual Disorder Scale was replaced by a factor specific to gender identity problems, and the Schizophrenia Scale by two factors concerning isolation and bizarre behaviors, respectively. The items of the Depression Scale were distributed over the three factors concerning anxiety, adjustment, and psychosomatic disorders, while the items of the Personality Disorder Scale were scattered over almost all the factors. Moreover, 55 subjects with anxiety disorders and 49 with depression were compared to 50 control subjects of the same age, intelligence level, and gender ratio but without dual diagnosis and obtained significantly higher factorial scores both on the overall scale and on the factors specifically related to their disorders. PIMRA has been found to show good construct validity. These results could be considered particularly valid as they were obtained from a large sample comprising different levels of mental retardation and thus showing all possible psychopathological behaviors.
 ...
PMID:The psychopathology inventory for mentally retarded adults: factor structure and comparisons between subjects with or without dual diagnosis. 1098 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>