Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study population consisted of 1010 in patients and 81 control subjects. Patients suffering from schizophrenia, cerebral atrophy of unknown origin, dementia, depression, mental retardation, and ethanol-induced brain deterioration (alcoholics) were skin tested with 25 micrograms of S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase isolated from fresh human brain. Evaluation of delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions at 24 hr revealed a high incidence of positive responses to S-100 protein: heavy alcoholism, 96.8%; depression, 94.1%; cerebral atrophy, 92.6%; dementia, 91.2%; schizophrenia, 87.7%; and mental retardation, 69.4%. The incidence of positive reactions to neuron-specific enolase in schizophrenics was 91.6%. Of 58 control subjects tested with S-100 protein, 6.8% were positive, whereas of 23 normal individuals tested with neuron-specific enolase, 6.4% developed mild skin reactions. These data suggest a close relationship between delayed hypersensitivity to neural tissue antigens and immunopsychiatric diseases, and they imply that cell-mediated immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders.
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PMID:Neural tissue hypersensitivity in psychiatric disorders with immunologic features. 400 35

The authors evaluated the presence of assaultive behavior in 103 children, aged 6-12 years, seen in the psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services of a municipal hospital. No racial or ethnic differences were found. Boys were significantly more assaultive than girls and used fire setting and hitting with objects more often. Inpatients were significantly more assaultive than outpatients. Children with conduct disorders, specific developmental disorders, and mental retardation were more assaultive than those with neurotic disorders. Multiple regression analysis showed that the child's past aggressive behavior, absence of anxiety and depression, and parental assaultive behavior were the best predictors of assaultive behavior.
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PMID:Predictors of assaultiveness in latency age children. 618 81

One hundred patients, aged between 60 and 92 years, were treated with tiapride for neurological disorders (abnormal movements, buccofacial dyskinesias, dopa therapy complications, ballism, eyelid tics, senile tremor, post-traumatic headache, delirium tremens), psychiatric disorders with more or less marked agitation and of various types (hysteria, depression, mood disturbances, hypochondria, delusions, hallucinations), or for mental deficiency, senile dementia, or arteriopathic dementia. Results were excellent, being satisfactory in 70 p. cent, and even more marked in some groups. Tolerance was very good, with some rare cases of somnolence. The efficacy and safety of tiapride makes it of particular value for treating neuropsychiatric disorders in geriatric patients.
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PMID:[Tiapride in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in the elderly (author's transl)]. 627 32

Adolescents aged 12-15 years, randomly selected from a psychiatric outpatient clinic, psychiatric consultation service, and general pediatric outpatient clinic, were given a complete psychiatric evaluation and structured diagnostic interview. Of 121 subjects studied, 100 satisfied Rutter and associates' criteria for a childhood psychiatric disorder. When these subjects were rediagnosed according to Feighner and associates' research diagnostic criteria (similar to DSM-III criteria), 52 fulfilled the criteria for an adult disorder. Diagnoses included antisocial personality, hysteria, schizophrenia, depression, mental retardation, anxiety neurosis, and undiagnosed psychiatric illness. There was a correlation between diagnosis according to Rutter and associates' criteria and adult diagnosis.
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PMID:Adult psychiatric disorders in psychiatrically ill young adolescents. 665 Jun 88

One hundred and ten adults, from borderline to severe levels of mental retardation, were assessed through the outpatient clinic of a university-affiliated mental health center and a large state psychiatric hospital. These patients were included only after they had demonstrated the ability to respond to questions of similar difficulty to those presented in the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults. This measure was designed by the authors based on DSM III criteria, and covered seven types of psychopathology including schizophrenia, depression, psychosexual disorders, adjustment disorder, anxiety, somatoform disorders, and personality problems. In the present study the psychometric properties of the scale were reviewed and/or evaluated including internal consistency of items and test-retest reliability, and factor analysis.
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PMID:Psychometric properties of the psychopathology instrument for mentally retarded adults. 672 83

Twenty-five published reports were reviewed regarding the occurrence of affective illness, ie, depression and mania, in mentally retarded individuals, using the DSM-III criteria to assess the validity of both diagnoses. Individuals with mental retardation (MR) were found to manifest the full range of affective disorders. Developmentally impaired social functioning and intelligence influence the clinical presentation, but not the development, of affective symptomatology. Affective disorder diagnoses can be made for patients with all levels of MR severity. In individuals with MR of mild and moderate severity, the diagnosis can be made using standard DSM-III criteria. For those with severe and profound MR, a clinically useful diagnosis can be based on changes in behavior and vegetative functioning, as well as family history of affective illness. The psychiatrically symptomatic person with MR should always be evaluated for affective symptomatology and be considered as a candidate for the full range of treatments, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy with antidepressants as well as lithium carbonate.
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PMID:Do the mentally retarded suffer from affective illness? 684 21

To confirm and extend previous observations concerning the correlation between cell-mediated immunity and psychiatric diseases, 511 patients with schizophrenia, cerebral atrophy, dementia, and mental retardation, and 32 control subjects and 27 control patients were skin-tested with human brain S-100 protein and human liver protein: 70.2-93.1% of tested psychiatric patients developed positive skin hypersensitivity reactions to S-100 protein, while 2.8-20.7% of patients reacted to liver protein. Of control subjects, 6.2-7.4% responded to S-100 protein, and 7.4-9.4% to liver protein. The findings indicate that cell-mediated immune processes may be involved in brain mechanisms underlying cerebral atrophy, depression, dementia, schizophrenia, and mental retardation.
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PMID:Delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions to human brain S-100 protein in psychiatric patients. 710 20

The clinical histories and treatment of the nine individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and major depression (MD) previously noted in a report on the psychopathology of a population of 164 adults with DS with and without health disorders from a Down Syndrome Clinic are presented (Myers & Pueschel, 1991). The clinical characteristics including DSM-III-R (1987) criteria of these 9 patients plus 13 individuals with DS and MD described in case reports in the literature are summarized. Depression is rarely verbalized and commonly appears as crying, depressed appearance, or mood lability. Vegetative symptoms of disinterest with severe withdrawal and mutism, psychomotor retardation, decreased appetite, weight loss, and insomnia are prominent. Verbal expression of preoccupations of suicide, death, self-depreciation, and guilt were infrequent and may either be not present or not reported due to mutism or moderate level of mental retardation (MR). Hallucinations were prominent. Family history of depression was infrequent. Psychological stressors were noted mostly in the study sample and not in the 13 from the literature. The pattern of vegetative symptomatology with few verbal complaints and prominent hallucinations may be related to moderate mental retardation in these groups with DS rather than specifically to DS.
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PMID:Major depression in a small group of adults with Down syndrome. 748 Sep 57

The association of juvenile diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes insipidus (DI), optic atrophy (OA) and sensorineural deafness (D) is known as DIDMOAD or Wolfram syndrome. Aside from these four cardinal features, a wide variety of abnormalities of the nervous system, urinary tract and endocrine glands have been described in this syndrome. In this report, the clinical features of six patients with DIDMOAD syndrome are presented. All six patients had DM. Five of the six patients had DI, five OA and five displayed abnormal audiogram findings. In addition, two had goiter, two delayed puberty, one seizure and one mental retardation with depression attacks. Urinary tract dilatation was recorded in five patients. Four patients developed typical complications of DM. One of them had overt nephropathy and arthropathy despite the short duration of DM. In addition, this patient had diabetic retinopathy, which is considered to be rare in this syndrome.
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PMID:Various clinical aspects of DIDMOAD (Wolfram) syndrome. 750 61

We contrasted a sample of children and adolescents with affective disorders and mental retardation with a comparison group on behavioral symptoms, associated diagnoses, and psychopharmacologic treatment. Fifty consecutive patients with both impaired intellectual functioning and at least one affective disorder admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit for children and adolescents with developmental disabilities and psychiatric disorders were matched to a group of 50 inpatients without depression. Behavioral symptoms such as suicidal ideation or gestures, crying, irritability, sleep problems, agitation, mood lability, and social withdrawal/isolation occurred significantly more often in the affective group than in the comparison group. Aggression, however, was the most frequent behavior concern for both groups, whereas disruption/destruction was identified significantly more often in the comparison group. Regarding Axis I diagnoses, the comparison group was more often identified with externalizing disorders (ADHD, ODD), though there was a high rate of comorbidity in the affective disorder group. The behavioral symptoms used to diagnosis normally developing children and adolescents appear to be applied in making affective disorders diagnoses in this sample of children and adolescents with mental retardation.
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PMID:Affective disorders in hospitalized children and adolescents with mental retardation: a retrospective study. 765 3


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