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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Developmental progress, hearing, and dysmorphic features were monitored prospectively in eight babies with Norrie's disease (an X linked form of congenital blindness believed to be associated with mental retardation, regression, sensorineural deafness, and dysmorphic features) and in six congenitally blind peers during their preschool years. No evidence of sensorineural deafness or dysmorphology was found in the group with Norrie's disease. No significant difference in the rate of developmental progress occurred between the two groups. All 14 children showed continuing developmental progress and in 10 this was at a normal or superior rate. Two cases and two controls showed slowing in their rate of progress; in both groups a suboptimal developmental climate had prevailed and may have been contributory. The emphasis on serious and progressive associated disabilities in past reports has led to considerable distress for families of children with this disease. Our study suggests that these anxieties may often be illfounded. Parental depression constrains development, particularly when a baby is blind. More optimistic counselling with developmental guidance is recommended for children who are not overtly retarded in infancy until the long term developmental perspective of this disease is further clarified.
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PMID:Norrie's disease: a prospective study of development. 260 18

Used path analysis to test a conceptual model of the relationship among maternal employment status, maternal depression, and reported child behavior problems. Ss were 95 mothers of children in 4 conditions: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, mental retardation, and well. Regardless of child chronic condition or family SES, mothers not employed outside the home had higher levels of depression than employed mothers. Maternal depression, in turn, was associated with higher levels of reported child behavior problems. Controlling for SES and maternal depression, mental retardation was associated with more child behavior problems, but chronic illness (cystic fibrosis and diabetes) was not associated with more behavior problems. The findings underscore the need to examine the adjustment of children with chronic disorders in the context of their mothers' well-being, particularly when mothers are the principal informants regarding child adjustment.
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PMID:The role of maternal employment and depression in the psychological adjustment of chronically ill, mentally retarded, and well children. 279 97

Tolerability of long term clozapine treatment (7-8 years) was investigated in 27 female patients (age 34-77 years). Diagnosis according to ICD 9 was schizophrenia in 21 patients, severe psychomotor agitation with mental deficiency in 4 patients and an "endogenous" depression in 2 patients. All patients had previously been treated with different neuroleptics but with inadequate response or distressing side effects. The duration of the disorder was 10-36 years, duration of hospitalisation 10-36 years. At the day of investigation the total dose of clozapine ranged from 52-826 g, the average total dose being 385 g. The daily dose of clozapine ranged from 75 to 600 mg, the average daily dose being 225 mg. Only 2 patients were treated exclusively with clozapine, the other 25 patients were also receiving other neuroleptics. Seventy eight per cent of the investigated patients complained about hypersalivation and 63% showed overweight. In 37% of the patients the EEG demonstrated abnormalities. Mild parkinsonism was reported in 15% and akathisia in 11% of the patients, all these patients being on combined treatment. Clozapine did not induce tardive dysakinesia (TD) in any of the patients within a treatment period of 7-8 years. It is concluded that a potential benefit of clozapine includes a low incidence of neurological side effects even after long term administration.
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PMID:Tolerability of long term clozapine treatment. 281 63

Ninety-nine mild to severely mentally retarded adults were evaluated on a variety of measures. The battery included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT), the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults, the Social Performance Survey Schedule, Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression, the Beck Depression Inventory and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Depression and social skills measures correlated significantly with each other on self-report and informant reports. Receptive vocabulary did not significantly correlate with depression or social skills measures, irrespective of self or other report format. Additionally, demographic variables such as intellectual level were not significant. The PPVT mean scores differed significantly by level of mental retardation as might be expected. The significance of these data and their implication for further study are reviewed.
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PMID:The relationship of depression to social skills and intellectual functioning in mentally retarded adults. 319 34

The psychometric characteristics of the Self-Report Depression Questionnaire (SRDQ, Reynolds, in press a), a 32-item self-report measure of depressive symptomatology in persons with mental retardation, were examined. The SRDQ was orally administered to 89 adults living in community-based settings. An internal consistency reliability coefficient of .90, and an 11-week test-retest reliability of .63 were obtained. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by a high degree of relationship, r = .67, p less than .001, between the SRDQ and individual clinical interviews using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. An exploratory factor analysis of the SRDQ items was also presented.
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PMID:Assessment of depression in persons with mental retardation. 341 43

Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the heredity, the disturbance of the ossification of the skull and clavicles, and dental anomaly. The entity of CCD was established by Marie and Sainton in 1898. In Japan about 150 cases have been reported since Haneda's first report in 1933. Recently we experienced a rare case of CCD associated with the temporal arachnoid cyst. The patient was a 61-year-old male who had suffered from mild spastic paresis of the left upper extremity since his childhood. One morning he suddenly noticed motor weakness of the left upper and lower extremities and was transferred to our hospital. On admission we observed the left hemiparesis (MMT 3/5), the left central type facial palsy, and the left long tract signs. Physical examination disclosed frontal bossing, depression of the forehead, sloped shoulders, cone-shaped thorax, and thoracic scoliosis. Plain skull radiograph showed persistent metopic suture and frontal fontanelle, many wormian bones around coronal and lambdoid sutures. Plain radiographs of the systemic bones also showed typical features of CCD such as dysplasia of the lateral third of the bilateral clavicles, deformities of the cervical vertebral bodies, thoracic scoliosis, and wide symphysis. CT scan disclosed the right putaminal hemorrhage, the right temporal arachnoid cyst, enlargement of the right middle fossa, thinning of the temporal bone adjacent to the arachnoid cyst. It also showed the atrophy of the right cerebral peduncle and midbrain. Surgical treatment was performed to remove the hematoma and release the cyst. Several neurological disorders associated with CCD have been reported such as epilepsy, mental retardation, spastic paresis etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of cleidocranial dysostosis associated with arachnoid cyst]. 343 33

Homocystinuria commonly affects the central nervous system (CNS), primarily as mental retardation, seizures, and stroke. Case reports have long suggested a predisposition to schizophrenia, but no careful study of predisposition to psychiatric illness has been performed. Accordingly, we evaluated 63 persons with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency for psychiatric disturbance, intelligence, evidence of other CNS problems, and responsiveness to vitamin B6. The overall rate of clinically significant psychiatric disorders was 51%, predominated by four diagnostic categories: episodic depression (10%), chronic disorders of behavior (17%), chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (5%), and personality disorders (19%). The average IQ was 80 +/- 27 (1 SD); and an IQ of less than or equal to 79 was two-thirds more common among vitamin B6-nonresponsive patients compared to vitamin B6-responsive patients. Aggressive behavior and other disorders of conduct were particularly common among patients with mental retardation and among vitamin B6-nonresponsive patients.
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PMID:Psychiatric manifestations of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: prevalence, natural history, and relationship to neurologic impairment and vitamin B6-responsiveness. 359 41

We report the histopathological findings of the temporal bones and the nasal and paranasal specimen of a 7-month-old girl diagnosed as having Wolf-Hirschhorn or 4p- syndrome (deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4). This syndrome is characterized by growth retardation, mental retardation, and multiple congenital abnormalities, including craniofacial anomalies and hearing disturbance. These temporal bones displayed malformation of the ossicles, absence of the oval windows, abnormal course of the facial nerve with incomplete bony canal, and depression of the cochlear duct and the saccule. In addition, cholesteatoma, which might be of congenital origin, was present behind the eardrum. The nasal and paranasal specimen showed bilateral complete cleft palate with normal development of paranasal sinuses, nasal septum, and conchae.
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PMID:A histological study of the temporal bones and the nose in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. 367

This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism, phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to limit the detection of depression.
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PMID:Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap. 370 50

Depressions in old age tend to become chronic. This depends on the difficulty to adapt to the biological changes in old age. Depression in aged people should be valued equally to other depression. It has to be differentiated from mental deficiency in age. Some points characterize depression in involutional age: deminuation of functions of the body, cancellation of old people, isolation and social distress in age, lack of relation to the future. The onset of therapy has to regard these different factors.
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PMID:[Depressive diseases of the involutional age]. 386 27


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