Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perception, attention and recall were measured in geriatric subjects and patients suffering from dementia, Korsakov's psychosis or depression. Dementia patients were unable to perceive, attend and recall; depressed patients were unable to attend; and patients with Korsakov's psychosis were unable to attend and recall. Perception, attention and recall were correlated in the normal group but not in any one patient group. Traditional assumption of the interdependence of these functions may not be applicable to these patients. Demented patients show a different pattern of cognitive disability than age-matched controls.
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PMID:Performance on three cognitive tasks by patients with dementia, depression or Korsakov's syndrome. 51 Sep 28

Based on comparative clinical and morphometric studies in 45 autopsy cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), 27 clinically presenting with akinesia and rigidity (AR-type), 18 with predominant resting tremor (T-type), the neurobiological basis of the major clinical subtypes in PD is discussed. The AR-type showed higher neuronal losses in locus coeruleus (LC) and in medial and lateral parts of substantia nigra (SNM, SNL), suggesting lesion patterns different from the T-type. More severe cell loss in the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus was observed in PD patients with depression than in non-depressed ones. Demented PD subjects showed higher cell loss in SNM than non-demented ones indicating dysfunction of the mesocortical dopamine system, and significantly more severe Alzheimer lesions in isocortex and hippocampus. These and other recent data from the literature indicate that some major clinical features of PD are related to lesions of distinct neuronal systems.
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PMID:Clinico-pathological correlations in Parkinson's disease. 132 May 31

In two inter-Nordic multicenter controlled studies the effect of Citalopram on elderly patients with depression and emotional disturbances has been studied. One investigation included 98 patients in whom Alzheimer type dementia (AD/SDAT) and vascular dementia (VD) had been diagnosed, many of whom also had emotional disturbances. After four weeks treatment with Citalopram (10-30 mg/daily) there was significant improvement in confusion, irritability, anxiety, depressed mood and restlessness. No effect was seen on the intellectual capacity or motor performance measured. In the other study, which was a six weeks trial comparing Citalopram and placebo, elderly patients with a treatment-requiring depression were treated. Demented as well as non-demented patients were included. The Hamilton Depression Scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and The Clinical Global Impressions all recorded an effect of Citalopram superior to that of placebo. In both studies depressive symptoms as well as symptoms of agitation, anxiety, restlessness and irritability improved. Citalopram is therefore considered not only an antidepressive drug but also an emotional stabilizer. The drug was well tolerated by elderly often somatically ill patients. Side effects were few.
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PMID:Treatment of depression in elderly patients with and without dementia disorders. 143 Oct 23

Biogenic amine neurotransmitters and metabolites as well as choline acetyltransferase activity were quantified in eight brain regions from 37 demented patients, with or without major depression, and 10 controls with no history of dementia or depression. The middle frontal and temporal cortex, prosubiculum and entorhinal cortex of the hippocampus, substantia nigra, thalamus, amygdala, and caudate were examined. Demented patients with major depression exhibited a 10-fold to 20-fold reduction in the level of norepinephrine in the cortex, along with relative preservation of choline acetyltransferase activity in subcortical regions, compared with demented patients who were not depressed. Serotonin levels were reduced in all eight brain regions, but the reduction did not reach statistical significance in any region examined. A para-doxical increase in dopamine levels was observed in the entorhinal cortex of depressed, demented patients, although no consistent pattern of change in the level of this neurotransmitter emerged across brain regions. Our results indicate that the development of major depression in primary dementia is associated with a profile of concurrent neurochemical changes that is largely consistent with existing neurochemical hypotheses of idiopathic affective disorders, and qualitatively distinct from that associated with primary dementia.
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PMID:Neurochemical correlates of major depression in primary dementia. 168 44

Clinical and neuropathologic data in 45 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared. Twenty-seven patients suffered from marked akinesia and rigidity (AR-type) and 18 patients from predominant resting tremor (T-type). Dementia, depression, and psychosis occurred in 26, 18, and 18 patients, respectively. Neuronal counts were performed in defined areas of the medial and lateral substantia nigra (SNM, SNL), locus ceruleus (LC), and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The AR-type (compared with the T-type) showed higher neuronal loss of LC, SNL, SNM, and more severe gliosis, extraneuronal melanin deposits, and neuroaxonal dystrophy in substantia nigra. Demented PD patients showed more intense cortical Alzheimer lesions and higher neuronal depletion in the SNM, whereas PD subjects with moderate or marked dementia differed from mildly or not demented ones only in the higher degree of cortical Alzheimer lesions. More severe neuronal cell loss of DRN was observed in PD patients with depression. Occurrence of psychosis was not associated with any pathologic feature. Our findings indicate that some major clinical features of PD are related to distinct neuropathologic lesions.
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PMID:The neuropathologic basis of different clinical subgroups of Parkinson's disease. 174 81

We have previously reported a correlation between depression in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and decreased concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid content of the serotonin metabolite, 5-HIAA. To further examine this relationship, we repeated the study in a new cohort of patients while they remained on dopaminergic medications, conducted follow-up interviews and examinations in our original cohort, and conducted an open trial of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan in a group of new patients with depression. We were again able to demonstrate a significant reduction in cerebrospinal 5-HIAA in depressed patients in comparison to controls and patients without depression. Demented patients with Parkinson's disease, particularly those with concurrent depression, had the lowest values of 5-HIAA. No new cases of depression occurred in our original cohort after 2 1/2 years of follow-up, and depression remitted following conventional or experimental treatment in four patients. Depression improved in six of the seven new patients following oral 5-hydroxytryptophan. Three of these patients allowed a repeat lumbar puncture, and the concentration of 5-HIAA increased following 5-hydroxytryptophan. These three studies support our hypothesis that depression in idiopathic Parkinson's disease is associated with a reduction in brain serotonin. However, it also suggests that other factors, biological or environmental, may be causal factors.
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PMID:The relationship of serotonin to depression in Parkinson's disease. 246 9

A review of the records for evidence of dementia using criteria adapted from the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in every patient (hospitalized and outpatient) with parkinsonism at a major medical center during an 18-month period revealed an overall prevalence of 10.9% in 339 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Demented patients were older, had a later age at onset of motor manifestations, and a more rapid progression of physical disability than nondemented patients. Duration of illness and levodopa use and the presence of tremor or depression were similar in demented and nondemented patients. Demented patients more often responded poorly or developed adverse effects to levodopa than nondemented patients. When Parkinson's disease began after age 70 years, dementia was noted over three times more frequently than when the disease began at an earlier age. The age-specific prevalence rate of dementia for patients older than 70 years was more than twice that for younger patients. Moreover, the number of records with evidence for dementia with idiopathic Parkinson's disease was 3.75 times greater than expected in comparison with data from a study of the prevalence of dementia in the elderly.
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PMID:An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. 334 50

Senile dementia patients show a high incidence of abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) which has been suggested to reflect the presence of atypical or subclinical depression; this study was designed to test this hypothesis. Thirty-six patients, diagnosed as suffering from dementia and/or depression on the DSM-III criteria, participated in the study. They were divided into three groups. dementia (12), depression (12) and dementia with depression (12). The results indicated that although patients with depression alone responded well to antidepressant therapy, no improvement occurred in patients with dementia. Demented patients who had clinical depression also showed a poor response. The response to treatment was unrelated to the DST status of the patients. It is concluded that abnormal DST in dementia patients is not indicative of a masked affective state, and antidepressants have no place in the management of dementia patients who have a positive DST but no overt affective symptoms.
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PMID:Dexamethasone suppression test and response to antidepressant therapy in psychogeriatric patients. 340 39

Patients who had Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) were compared with a group of controls. Demented patients had approximately the same degree of dementia and the same duration of illness. The MID group had a significantly higher mean age than the AD/SDAT group. Sixty-three per cent of the AD/SDAT patients were free of other diseases, while 65 per cent of the MID patients had cardiovascular disease. Thirty per cent of the MID patients had a history of previous depression, while only 5 per cent of the AD/SDAT patients had had depression. At the time of the investigation, however, AD/SDAT patients showed significantly more signs of depression than the MID patients. Focal neurologic signs were found in 70 per cent of the MID patients and only 6 per cent of the AD/SDAT patients. The electrocardiogram was normal for every AD/SDAT patient, while 75 per cent of the MID patients had abnormal ECGs. Electroencephalography showed generalized slow frequencies in 79 per cent of the AD/SDAT patients and localized slow frequencies and abnormalities in 65 per cent of the MID patients. Computed tomography of the brain showed that MID patients had significantly greater dilation of the ventricular system, while cortical atrophy did not differ significantly among the three groups. Homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly lower in the AD/SDAT group as compared with controls.
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PMID:Dementia of the Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia: a clinical description and diagnostic problems. 620 54

Examination of 163 nursing home residents revealed chronic brain syndrome of different amount in 84%. Demented patients with clinical evidence of arteriosclerosis had significantly higher values of emotional incontinence, dysphoria, depression and vegetative complaints than those without evidence of arteriosclerosis. Correlation of single psychopathologic parameters with other psychopathologic, neurologic and somatic variables resulted in very different correlation profiles for the following symptoms: emotional incontinence, apathy, dysphoria and euphoria. These changes in personality should be considered to a higher degree in dementia research intending more homogeneous subgroups.
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PMID:[Psychopathology of senile dementias in nursing home residents]. 647 86


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