Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was measured in a heterogeneous sample of 290 outpatients awaiting medical, surgical, or psychiatric appointments at a Veterans Administration Hospital. All patients were assessed for depressive symptomatology by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and for elevated diastolic blood pressure (BP greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg). Elevated DBH activity was associated with SDS scores greater than or equal to 60. No statistical association was found between DBH activity and diastolic BP. Two pharmacological agents, alpha-methyl-DOPA and minor tranquilizers, also were associated with significant alterations in serum DBH activity.
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PMID:Depression, hypertension, and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. 65 14

Among 83 hospitalized adult psychiatric patients, 22% reported being high caffeine consumers (750 mg or more per day); these patients scored significantly greater on the State-Trait Anxiety Index and the Beck Depression Scale than moderate and low consumers. High consumers described significantly more clinical symptoms, felt that their physical health was not as good, and reported greater use of sedative-hypnotics and minor tranquilizers. Since caffeine modifies catecholamine levels, inhibits phosphodiesterase breakdown of cyclic AMP, and sensitizes receptor sites, association of caffeinism with both anxiety and depressive symptoms is possible.
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PMID:Anxiety and depression associated with caffeinism among psychiatric inpatients. 66 43

Psychotropic drug treatment of persons on methadone maintenance is discussed. Patients with clear target symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, or psychosis responded just as non-opioid addicts would to the major psychotropic agents. The minor tranquilizers are felt to be of doubtful value, and subject to abuse. Sleep disturbances cannot be treated by the usual means, as the drugs needed again are abused. However, chlorpromazine shows some promise here. Methods of drug delivery and goals of treatment must be adapted to the realities of this patient-group's characteristics, particularly anti-social traits, poor motivation and unreliability. Psychotropic drugs are unlikely to be of aid in multiple drug abusers, personality and character disorders, and opioid withdrawal. Four case histories are presented.
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PMID:Psychotropic drugs in opioid addicts on methadone treatment. 95 61

The aim of this article is to examine some of the consequences of the recent advances in neurobiology in terms of the ability of drugs to manipulate the mind. Most laymen are totally ignorant of the general mechanism underlying the brain-mind relationship and therefore of the action of mind-altering drugs. Professor Grahame-Smith considers that one of the intrinsic evils of man's neurobiological make up is that a prime motive of the brain seems to be to bring comfort, security and pleasure for itself. Therefore it is not surprising that drugs - notably the barbiturates and more recently the benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) - have been prescribed to give to the brain that peace of mind that it seeks. However, it can be argued that such drugs cannot replace anxiety with peace of mind or unhappiness or depression with happiness. The action of such drugs upon the molecules of the brain is negative - a placebo effect.
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PMID:Self-medication with mood changing drugs. 121 68

In 1983-1984 the Swedish Committee for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression offered an educational program on diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders to all general practitioners on the island of Gotland. The program has been carefully evaluated; 1982 was used as the baseline and the main evaluation was carried out in 1985. After the educational programs, the frequency of sick leave for depressive disorders decreased, the frequency of inpatient care for depressive disorders decreased to 30% of that at the baseline; the prescription of antidepressants increased, but prescription of major tranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics decreased. The frequency of suicide on the island decreased significantly. This study describes the long-term effects. In 1988, 3 years after the project ended, the inpatient care for depressive disorders increased, the suicidal rate returned almost to baseline values and the prescription of antidepressants stabilized. Thus, the effects were strictly related in time to the educational programs, indicating that the effects were real and not only a coincidence with local trends on Gotland. Furthermore, the results indicate that educational programs that can have pronounced effects on the health care system have to be repeated approximately every 2 years if long-term effects are to be expected.
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PMID:Long-term effects of an educational program for general practitioners given by the Swedish Committee for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression. 154 55

Halothane is a frequently used agent. Its cost is inexpensive. Halothane is a safe and effective anesthetic agent if used properly. Proper usage includes adjusting the concentration administered to produce adequate anesthesia for the procedure without excess depression of cardiac, respiratory, and neurologic function. Proper monitoring of the patient indicates the adjustments needed in concentration or needed medications or procedures to increase safe usage. Potent tranquilizers, sedatives, and analgesics used as preanesthetics during halothane anesthesia or the early postanesthetic period may produce profound changes in anesthetic concentrations required or physiologic responses to the combined medications.
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PMID:Advantages and guidelines for using halothane. 158 64

As many as 348 courses of psychotropic and antianginal chemotherapy were performed for coronary disease confirmed angiographically. Hypochondriac patients were resistant to the drugs, depressive states and anxiety showed the best response. Tranquilizers and neuroleptic agents proved effective in anxiety, neuroleptics in cardiophobia and hypochondria, antidepressants in depression and asthenia. The addition of psychotropic drugs to antianginal therapy produced a positive effect on cardiac pain with antidepressants benefit ranking first, neuroleptics second and tranquilizers third. Being moderate and transient, treatment-related side effects did not cause the treatment discontinuation.
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PMID:[Comparative effectiveness of psychotropic drugs in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. 167 31

Chemical restraint can be a useful pharmacologic tool to assist the veterinarian performing surgery in the standing horse. The agents discussed impose minimal adverse side effects and are considered relatively safe when administered in the doses described. Acetylpromazine, the most widely used tranquilizer, produces mild sedation but no analgesia. The use of tranquilizers for surgical procedures requires the combined use of either a local anesthetic technique or a sedative-hypnotic or opiate to provide analgesia. Sedative-hypnotics such as xylazine and detomidine or opiates such as morphine and butorphanol are commonly used. The sedative-hypnotics also can induce deep CNS depression and may be sufficient alone for many procedures. Opiates may be used to supplement the analgesia produced by sedative-hypnotics or provide analgesia to the tranquilized horse. Opiates are not useful alone because of their potential to cause CNS excitement in the horse. The combination of detomidine and butorphanol is probably the most effective drug combination to facilitate painful surgery in the standing horse.
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PMID:Chemical restraint for surgery in the standing horse. 182 Feb 24

Depressive patients in a high-risk-group due to suicidal behavior and death by suicide. Suicide rates amount to 500 to 900 per 100,000 depressives. According to the literature mortality reaches 15% in all primary depressive patients. Of our own depressive inpatients 20% were admitted because of tentamen. About 29% of our depressive inpatients have attempted ed suicide in former history. Among suicides during psychiatric hospital treatment were significantly more patients with depression than among the entire hospital clientele and inpatients with affective psychoses especially with delusional depression were overrepresented. Hopelessness, higher scores in depression scales, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, delusions seem to differentiate between depressives with and without suicidal behavior. Treatment of these patients means psychotherapeutic measures which can be described in terms of crisis intervention, brief psychotherapy, and antidepressive medication as a treatment of the underlying depression, sometimes in combination with neuroleptics or/and tranquilizers.
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PMID:[Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment of suicidal depressive patients]. 200 53

As a study of grief resolution, 71 surviving spouses of patients who had died in a hospice or a hospital acute care oncology ward were interviewed in their homes 6 and 12 months following the death of their mate. It was hypothesized that hospice survivors would score significantly lower on measures of depression and anxiety, would be more involved socially, would be more involved in constructive social action, and would be less likely to use tranquilizers than hospital survivors. At 6 months there is only partial support for the hypotheses. At 12 months there is strong support for the hypotheses. Interpretations of these findings and comparisons with similar studies are discussed.
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PMID:Grief resolution among the bereaved in hospice and hospital wards. 202 39


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