Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, produce elevated amounts of a serum acute phase (C-reactive) protein (CRP) when administered a variety of chemicals of environmental importance. 2. Compounds administered in doses which induce the cytochrome(s) P450 catalytic enzymes in trout hepatic microsomes also induce serum CRP. 3. However, an interferon-inducing virus does not induce CRP. Interferon induction by the virus is not significantly inhibited by chemicals which induce trout cytochrome(s) P450. 4. Simultaneous administration of chemicals and virus or virus alone results in depression of P450 protein production and only minor induction of CRP. 5. Thus, as with mammals, a reciprocating relationship appears to exist between the hemeprotein monooxygenase and immune systems of this freshwater teleost, and C-reactive protein appears to fit the reciprocating scheme closer to the cytochromes P450 response.
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PMID:Induction in rainbow trout of an acute phase (C-reactive) protein by chemicals of environmental concern. 613 74

Considering the key position of patients' global assessment in clinical practice and research, we wanted to examine the relationships between patients' global assessment and biological, functional, and mental variables, and to explore the relative contribution of these variables on patients' assessment of arthritis impact. Patients with RA of < or = 4 yrs duration were examined at baseline (n = 238) and after 12 and 24 months (n = 216). Study variables were tender joints, ESR, CRP, hand X-ray abnormalities and self-reported global arthritis impact, pain, disability, and symptoms of depression. 2-yr mean scores were computed for all variables. Strong correlations were found between patients' global assessment and pain (r = .73), depression (r = .68), disability (r = .64), and tender joints (r = .51), while ESR, CRP, and X-ray abnormalities correlated weakly with the global assessment. Using a multivariate approach, however, the relative effects of disability and tender joints were no longer statistically significant, whereas pain and depression still had significant impact on patients' global assessments.
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PMID:Correlates of patients' global assessment of arthritis impact. A 2-year study of 216 patients with RA. 931 Jan 4

Children suffering malignant diseases can experience phases of bone marrow depression during intensive chemotherapy. The influence of antibiotic sequence therapy on the course of diseases was examined in 41 pediatric patients with malignant diseases. Inclusion criteria were neutropenia (ANC < 500/microL), rectal body temperature over 38.5 degrees C, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP, cutoff > 5.0 mg/L). The first stage of therapy comprised the following antibiotics: piperacillin, teicoplanin, and gentamicin. In stage 2 imipenem, teicoplanin, and tobramycin were administered. Fluconazole was the antifungal drug of choice in stages 1 and 2. In the first level of antibiotic therapy 68% of the patients showed a positive reaction. The C-reactive protein was a sensitive parameter, which significantly decreased with 3 days of therapy. A total of 72% of the bacteriological smears were sterile. All patients survived the septic phase.
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PMID:Antibiotic sequential therapy for febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients with malignancy. 1068 19

To determine in clinical practice which rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical status variables are most associated with a change in disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy, we studied 26,240 observations from 1905 RA patients occurring over 25 years. Variables included tender joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), grip strength, visual analog scale for pain, global severity, fatigue and sleep, Health Assessment Question functional disability scale (HAQ), anxiety, depression and morning stiffness. Only the tender joint count required a physician. Observations at which a change in DMARD therapy occurred were compared to those where a change did not occur using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and classification and regression tree analysis (CART). Tender joint count, pain, global severity, and ESR were the 4 variables most strongly predictive of DMARD change. CART modeling indicated a special role for fatigue and sleep disturbance in some patients. These data add support in clinical practice for the ACR core set and the DAS set of variables. In addition, they validate the use of these variables in a practice setting. We suggest a minimum set of evaluations comprising: joint count, ESR or CRP, measures of pain and/or severity, a fatigue scale (fatigue being a surrogate for sleep disturbance), and a measure of function such as the HAQ or modified HAQ. Because only joint count requires physician participation, these evaluations are practical for the clinic, and allow quantitative measurement of RA status. With the use of quantile charts, the comparative status of RA and the change in RA status can be determined easily.
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PMID:Evaluation and documentation of rheumatoid arthritis disease status in the clinic: which variables best predict change in therapy. 1146 86

Cancer surgery is a major challenge for patients to develop immune depression in postoperative period. Several cytokines can depress immune cell subpopulations. Increased cytokine response after surgery is assumed to arise mainly from lipooxygenase pathway acting on membrane arachidonic acid. Therefore; investigators focused their efforts to alter the membrane fatty acid profile by changing the nutritional regimen with epsilon-3 fatty acid supplementation and encouraging results were obtained after surgery. Despite the theoretical and clinical advantage of enteral nutrition many surgeons remain committed to parenteral nutrition for feeding of patients due to maintain bowel rest and fear of anastomosis leakage at the postoperative period. Several studies investigating role of the postoperative immunonutrition reported that beneficial immunological changes were associated with reduction of infectious complications. Interestingly; these findings were observed at least five days after the surgery in which the highest incidence of complications was seen. In this prospective study including 42 patients eligible for curative gastric or colon cancer surgery; we investigated the beneficial effect of enteral immunonutrition (EEN) compared to total parenteral hyperalimentation (TPN) beginning from the preoperative period. Cortisol and CRP levels as stress parameters significantly increased one day after surgery in both groups but they rapidly returned to (on POD1) preoperative baseline level in EEN group whereas these values remained high in the TPN group. Additionally a significant decrease in natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ levels were observed in both groups. However they recovered on POD3 in EEN group and on POD6 in TPN group. CD4+ subset remained almost same as preoperative value in the TPN group whereas it increased from (%) 40.14 to 46.40, 51.29 and 54.7 on PO 6th hr, POD3 and POD6 in the EEN group. Our findings suggest that preoperative nutrition via the enteral route provided better regulation of postoperative immune system restoration than parenteral nutrition. On the basis of our findings we recommend enteral immunonutrition to be started at the preoperative period rather than postoperatively before a major operation whenever the enteral route is feasible.
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PMID:Perioperative immunonutrition ameliorates the postoperative immune depression in patients with gastrointestinal system cancer (prospective clinical study in 42 patients). 1558 31

Following the demonstrated association of employee burnout or vital exhaustion with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk, the authors investigated the possibility that one of the mechanisms linking burnout with CVD morbidity is microinflammation, gauged in this study by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen concentrations. Their sample included 630 women and 933 men, all apparently healthy, who underwent periodic health examinations. The authors controlled for possible confounders including 2 other negative affective states: depression and anxiety. In women, burnout was positively associated with hs-CRP and fibrinogen concentrations, and anxiety was negatively associated with them. In men, depression was positively associated with hs-CRP and fibrinogen concentrations, but not with burnout or anxiety. Thus, burnout, depression, and anxiety are differentially associated with microinflammation biomarkers, dependent on gender.
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PMID:The association between burnout, depression, anxiety, and inflammation biomarkers: C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in men and women. 1624 85

A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever and rapidly progressive renal insufficiency over a month. He had depression and Alzheimer's disease as complications. On admission, his serum creatinine was 5.4 mg/dL, and the serum CRP and MPO-ANCA were 18.2 mg/dL and 285 EU, respectively. A computed tomographic chest scan showed pericardiac effusion and fibrosis in both lower lung fields. Although microscopic polyangiitis(MPA)was inferred from a positive MPO-ANCA, renal biopsy could not be carried out. The initial therapy was started with pulse methylprednisolone therapy, followed by oral administration of prednisolone at the dose of 1 mg/kg(60 mg/day). As a result, his fever and inflammatory findings disappeared, and renal insufficiency was ameliorated with a smooth recovery and the pericardial effusion was markedly diminished. However, on the 18th hospital day, chest radiography revealed a nodular shadow in the right lung. Fungus infection was suspected because his serum beta-D-glucan level was extremely high (above 999 pg/mL). Mikafungin, therefore, was started at a dose of 75 mg/day and then, the dose was increased up to 300 mg/day. Nevertheless, he finally died of respiratory failure on the 26th hospital day. The autopsy findings revealed a cavity of 4.0 x 3.0 x 3.0 centimeters in size in the upper lobe of the right lung. There was a great number of fungal threads with a septal wall branched in a Y-shaped figure around the cavity, thus indicating pulmonary aspergilloma. Intranuclear inclusion bodies staining positive for cytomegalovirus were observed in all the lung fields, suggestive of a cytomegalovirus infection. In the kidney, a cellular crescent formation was noted in the majority of glomeruli showing crescentic glomeluronephritis, compatible with MPA.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of microscopic polyangiitis complicated with pulmonary aspergilloma and cytomegalovirus pneumonia]. 1737 21

The neuroendocrine system affects the immune system through the neuroendocrine humoral outflow via the pituitary, and through direct neuronal influences via the sympathetic, parasympathetic (cholinergic) and peptidergic/sensory innervation of peripheral tissues. Circulating hormones or locally released neurotransmitters and neuropeptides regulate major immune functions, such as antigen presentation, antibody production, lymphocyte activity, proliferation and traffic, and the secretion of cytokines including the selection of T helper (Th)1 or Th2 cytokine responses. During inflammation, the activation of the stress system, through induction of a Th2 shift protects the organism from systemic "overshooting" with Th1/pro-inflammatory cytokines. Under certain conditions, however, stress hormones, substance P, ATP and the activation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone/substance P-histamine axis may actually facilitate inflammation, through induction of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and CRP production. Thus, a dysfunctional neuroendocrine-immune interface associated with abnormalities of the 'systemic anti-inflammatory feedback' and/or 'hyperactivity' of the local pro-inflammatory factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic/allergic and autoimmune diseases, obesity, depression and atherosclerosis. Better understanding of the neuroendocrine control of inflammation may provide critical insights into mechanisms underlying a variety of common human immune-related diseases.
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PMID:Neurohormonal-cytokine interactions: implications for inflammation, common human diseases and well-being. 1771 84

Every clinician knows the elevation of acute phase proteins at the inflammatory status, but nobody knows the CRP or SAA induction mechanism on inflammation, in which a lot of cytokines or chemokines are activated. Induction mechanism of CRP and SAA is analyzed based on the result of the normalization of serum CRP or SAA in rheumatoid arthritis by the IL-6 blocking therapy with a humanized anti IL-6 receptor antibody. Ultimately, IL-6 is a pivotal cytokine among IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-a in induction of CRP and SAA in hepatocyte. Furthermore, activation of STAT3, a transcriptional factor under IL-6 signal transduction pathway, is critical on the expression of these mRNAs. Based on this mechanism, the depression of CRP and SAA induction could be explained by the IL-6 blockage both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, IL-6 blocking therapy may elucidate the pathogenic significance of IL-6 in chronic inflammatory disease.
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PMID:[Pathogenic analysis of chronic inflammatory disease based on the clinical results by IL-6 blocking therapy]. 1844 13

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of CRP and Total Cholesterol (TC) in patients suffering from type I Bipolar Disorder (BD-I). Moreover, the goal is to elucidate possible CRP and TC differences in different phases of BD-I: acute mania, euthymia and bipolar depression. Medical records of 90 BD-I patients (30 patients with acute mania, 30 in euthymic state, full remission, and 30 in depressive phase) were reviewed to evaluate serum CRP and TC levels. Laboratory data of 30 healthy controls were also obtained. The scores of Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Bech-Rafaelsen Manic Rating Scale (BRMRS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were evaluated. CRP levels were higher in acute mania and depressive phase subgroups when compared to healthy controls. CRP was positively associated with BRMRS and YMRS scores in acute mania and with HAM-D in depressive phase subgroups. TC levels were lower in all clinical groups compared to controls. TC levels were negatively correlated to BRMRS, YMRS and HAM-D. In conclusion, the results of the present study support the notion that CRP and TC may be altered in patients with BP-I.
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PMID:Evaluation of C-reactive protein and total serum cholesterol in adult patients with bipolar disorder. 1854 75


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