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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among otherwise healthy young children and can be extremely disruptive to family life. Treatment was initiated in a multiple baseline fashion for the chronic night waking and nighttime disturbance exhibited by a 14-month-old girl. We found that "graduated extinction" (gradually increasing the time before attending to the child's crying) resulted in rapid reductions in these sleep disorders. Additionally, data on parental depression and marital satisfaction showed general improvement as a function of improved child sleep patterns. These results are discussed as they relate to the treatment of common childhood behavior disorders and their role in family satisfaction.
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PMID:Behavioral treatment of multiple childhood sleep disorders. Effects on child and family. 229

In this study we inquire whether children and adolescents with suicidal ideation can be differentiated from children who attempt suicide on the basis of clinical symptoms or social grounds. From a total of 2181 consecutive outpatient referrals to a child and adolescent psychiatry service, 258 young persons who exhibited suicidal ideation are compared with 82 who had actually attempted suicide. We were unable to differentiate children with suicidal thoughts from those who attempted suicide on the basis of clinical symptoms alone. Both groups had similar high levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disorder, and irritability. Conduct disorders were less common in both groups but 22% of the attempters abused illicit drugs or alcohol. Suicide attempts were more likely to be associated with chronic family discord and substance abuse. For boys, the odds of suicidal attempts were substantially increased if the subject had experienced loss. Results are discussed with reference to antecedents that may increase the odds of suicidal attempt and suggestions for future research are outlined.
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PMID:Are children and adolescents who have suicidal thoughts different from those who attempt suicide? 229 87

The authors present typical observations of behavioural adverse effects induced by anti-hypertensive drugs and reported to the Marseilles Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance. These effects include: sleep disorders, confusion, psychotic reactions and depression. Surprisingly, these effects seem to be very rarely reported; this is perhaps due to a tricky assessment of the causal relationship: many factors (hypertension, other diseases, other drugs) can have an influence on these troubles.
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PMID:[Psychic effects of drugs prescribed for hypertensive patients. An experiment of the Regional Drug Monitoring Center in Marseilles]. 234 34

Sleep spindles are one of the most characteristic EEG transients of sleep. Quantitative analysis of sleep spindles may be of value in the study of involuntary movement disorders, depression, and sleep disorders, but this is difficult to perform manually. Phase-locked loop based devices have previously been used to analyse preselected periods of artefact-free non-REM sleep. We have developed a device of this type that provides reliable quantitative analysis of sleep spindles during continuous overnight EEG recordings. The number of sleep spindles detected by the device during overnight recordings correlated well with the mean of two independent human observers and measurements of the amplitude and duration of individual sleep spindles were similar to those obtained by visual analysis. The general applicability of the device was demonstrated by studying 61 patients with a range of neurological disorders.
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PMID:A new method for the quantitative analysis of sleep spindles during continuous overnight EEG recordings. 245 34

Symptoms of so-called atypical depression, such as hypersomnia and lethargy, may accompany specific sleep disorders. It is often difficult to determine which disorder is "primary". The authors examine three cases of depression with atypical features associated with specific sleep disorders and report a favorable response to valproate. Some clinical features of the cases suggest a primary sleep disorder with secondary affective symptoms. However, valproate may have direct mood-altering effects as well as effects on sleep physiology. The implications of these findings for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Sleep disorders and depression with atypical features: response to valproate. 250 91

Recent years have seen significant advances in sleep disorders medicine, including effective treatments for chronic psychophysiological insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; greater understanding of biological rhythms and of the nature of sleep in depression, including seasonal affective disorder; and the discovery of REM behavior disorder. The author reviews selected developments in the sleep disorders field over the last three years. Developments are presented in the framework of the diagnostic classification of the American Sleep Disorders Association, with emphasis on areas relevant to the practice of psychiatry.
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PMID:Sleep disorders: a selective update. 264 52

1. Assessment of older adults with behavior problems considers factors contributing to the behavior; potential psychosocial interventions; patient characteristics influencing medication action; and medication characteristics influencing therapeutic and adverse effects. 2. Anxiety, agitation, and other behavioral problems in demented patients might arise from their inability to verbally express complaints such as pain and discomfort. 3. Although constant blood levels of medication are most effective for ongoing management of behavior problems, as needed doses can be used to establish the optimal dosing schedule. 4. Medications in low doses can be used to improve the patient's response to psychosocial interventions for behaviors such as anxiety, agitation, depression, and sleep disorders; but they should not be used as the only intervention.
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PMID:Geropharmacology treatment: behavioral problems extend nursing responsibility. 272 43

As an adjunctive treatment, a cognitive-behavioral program for pain management was administered to 25 patients with spondylitis ankylosans organized in self-help groups of the German Rheumatism-League. Another 20 patients with the same disorder served as a waiting-for-treatment control-group. The program consisted of training in progressive muscle relaxation, of cognitive and hypnotic procedures for the control of pain, as well as of information and group discussions, and it was conducted in a group setting with 12 sessions of about 90 min each. A pain diary and questionnaires on trait anxiety, depression, and psychophysiological complaints were used to evaluate the outcome. In a six-month follow-up, significant reductions in pain intensity, in impairments due to pain, in anxiety, and in sleep disorders could be confirmed by analyses of variance. Besides in improvement in pain control, our results indicate a long-term effect on wellbeing as a consequence of our program.
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PMID:[Cognitive behavior therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. 273 56

Some symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are related to central nervous system adrenergic hyperarousal. It has been suggested that an adrenergic receptor-blocker could be used to diminish, if not alleviate, the target symptoms of PTSD. Severely traumatized Cambodian refugee patients (N = 68) who suffered from chronic PTSD and major depression improved symptomatically when treated with a combination of clonidine and imipramine. A prospective pilot study of nine patients using this combination of an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and a tricyclic antidepressant resulted in improved symptoms of depression in six patients, five to the point that DSM-III-R diagnoses were no longer met. The average decrease in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score was 16. PTSD global symptoms improved in six patients but only in two to the point that DSM-III-R diagnoses were not met. There was no further sleep disorder in five and the frequency of nightmares lessened in seven patients. Startle reaction improved only in four patients; avoidance behavior showed little improvement in any of the nine. The imipramine-clonidine combination was well tolerated and presents a promising treatment for severely depressed and traumatized patients, although further studies are needed.
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PMID:Clonidine in Cambodian patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. 202 59

The hypothesis that the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency test are not biological markers for depressive illness but artifacts arising from dietary and sleep disturbances that accompany depression was examined in 28 normal volunteers. The restriction of calorie intake with moderate weight loss reproduced a pattern of response to dexamethasone closely resembling that claimed to be diagnostic of depressive illness. The shortened REM latencies claimed as a diagnostic marker were replicated in volunteers by mimicking the sleep pattern commonly found in depression. These changes could not be explained by the induction of mood disorder in the subjects. The results put in question the diagnostic value of the DST and REM latency tests in clinical practice, where sleep disorder and poor appetite, with reduced calorie intake, are the common accompaniments of depressive illness.
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PMID:Influence of sleep disruption and calorie restriction on biological markers for depression. 287 21


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