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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study 35 consecutive patients diagnosed as having psychalgic depressive disorder (PDD) who lacked sadness but presented with chronic pain have been described. The patients were mainly female, middle-aged and from an urban background. Pain, usually at multiple sites, was reported to be severe by most patients. Predominant depressive symptoms were lack of interest in surroundings (97%), although this was not directly reported, early morning awakening (91%), loss of appetite (100%), and suicidal ideas (66%). None had marked sadness or weeping spells. Lack of reactivity of mood was present in only 2 cases. These psychalgic depression cases were compared with a group of 30 patients diagnosed as having psychogenic pain disorder. PDD cases were significantly more often female, married, less educated, and from an urban background. Pain was significantly more intense and at multiple sites, as compared with the psychogenic pain disorder cases. Clinical outcome was better for PDD cases.
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PMID:Psychalgic depressive disorder: a descriptive and comparative study. 292 87

The study describes symptoms and signs of depression in elderly (60 years or over) Finns. Lists of symptoms and signs assessed by the examining physicians in a population study were used in rating, and the symptoms and signs of persons diagnosed as depressed were compared to those of persons who were not depressed. The commonest symptoms both in men and women were sleep disturbances, fatiguability, loss of interest, depressed mood, loss of activity, pains, pessimism and sense of uselessness. In addition, worry was a common symptom in women. Hallucinations and other delusions than those about unforgivable behaviour were very uncommon. Loss of libido did not strongly indicate occurrence of depression, and in persons aged 70 years or over it could not be included in symptoms of depression. Sex differences in the commonest symptoms of depression were evident: worry, crying spells, helplessness, loneliness, suicidal ideas and pains were more common in depressed women than in depressed men. Some age differences in symptoms were also found both in men and in women. Sad expression was a common sign of depression in both sexes. In addition, slow movements, scarcity of gestures and slow speech were quite common signs in depressed men and stooping posture was quite common in depressed women.
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PMID:Clinician-rated symptoms and signs of depression in aged Finns. 323 90

A comparison was made of demographic and clinical variables between 481 children aged 15 or less who exhibited symptomatic depression and 147 children who had this symptom and who also had suicidal ideas. Suicidal ideation was associated with disturbed, hostile intrafamilial relationships. It was also associated with age in girls. Significantly, experiences of loss were associated with symptomatic depression rather than with suicidal ideation per se. No specific psychiatric, emotional, or conduct disorder symptoms were found to differentiate between the two groups. Similarly, extrafamilial and social characteristics were not differentiating features. The children with suicidal ideation had no more disturbance of peer relationships or social withdrawal than did their nonsuicidal depressed counterparts and may not, therefore, be readily identifiable by teachers or other responsible adults. Clinical management of potentially suicidal children needs to encompass symptomatic treatment of depression and amelioration of adverse family interactions.
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PMID:Symptomatic depression and suicidal ideation. A comparative study with 628 children. 374 78

An index sample of neurological patients diagnosed as clinically depressed (83) was compared with a "major depression" sample (43) and a "neurological sample" (44) who were free from psychiatric disorder. There was no difference in global Hamilton Scores between the index and the major depression sample. The latter, however, more often exhibited family and personal history of psychiatric illness, early awakening, guilt, suicidal ideas, shorter index episodes of depression, and better response to treatment. The three samples were followed up for a period of up to 5 years. The index sample did worse on follow-up than did the depressed and the neurological samples. The disease profiles of both the index and neurological samples were similar, but there were more cases of epilepsy in the former. The index sample responded badly to conventional antidepressant treatment. It is concluded that the presence of chronic affective disorder in the neurological patient has an adverse effect on prognosis.
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PMID:Affective disorder in the neurological patient. 381 13

Several psychiatric topics have been under recent investigation. Cerebral impairment is now known to occur in over half of alcoholic patients. Its improvement with abstinence and its interference with the considerable intellectual and volitional requirements needed by controlled drinking programmes point to abstinence as the necessary drinking goal when brain damage is suspected. A hereditary element to alcohol dependence has been suggested by several adoption and twin studies, but the many contradictions between research results emphasise that any genetic contribution is overshadowed by socio-cultural factors. Depression and anxiety are frequent accompaniments of alcoholism but are shown by investigations usually as results rather than causes of excessive drinking. The onset of depression with suicidal ideas secondary to alcoholism has been sensitively described, and attention drawn to its identification, potential risk, and prevention. Long-term drug treatments are little used at present, but several developments are feasible. They include an effective long-acting chemical deterrent; drugs to protect against organic damage; sobering agents; immunotherapy; chemical reversal of the neuroadaptive changes responsible for physical dependence; drugs to counteract dysphoria and craving produced by alcohol; pharmacological modification of reflex behaviour; and drugs for the abstinence syndrome and for mood disturbance that are not themselves liable to misuse of dependence. Finally, it is suggested that the syndrome of pathological intoxication is a fictitious state that should be discarded from the descriptive literature.
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PMID:Psychiatric advances in the understanding and treatment of alcohol dependence. 639 77

Psychiatric manifestations were studied in 72 amputees in the post-operative period. All were right handed. Besides phantom limb phenomena, which were observed in nearly four-fifths of the cases and are described in another paper, nearly two-thirds had psychiatric symptoms inthe form of depression (45 patients), anxiety (38), crying spells (38), insomnia (34), loss of appetite (23), suicidal ideas (21) and psychotic behaviour (2). Right arm amputees had phantom phenomena and insomnia significantly more often than left. Nearly one-fifth of the cases were diagnosed as having psychotic depressive reactions, two-fifths as having depressive neurosis and two, both with right upper limb amputations, as schizophrenic.
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PMID:A psychiatric study of amputees. 711 72

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of suicidal ideas and death wish among 296 women from urban, rural, industrial and college populations. Suicidal ideas and/or death wish during premenstrual period were reported by 30 (10%) subjects, more so among college students and industrial working women and less among housewives. Premenstrual symptoms, like depression, irritability, mood swings, sense of losing control and water retention, were significantly more often reported by women who had suicidal ideas as compared with women without suicidal ideas.
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PMID:Suicidal ideas during premenstrual phase. 756 May 47

Nurses' knowledge of suicide has been underinvestigated. This article summarizes a survey of oncology nurses' knowledge and misconceptions about suicide. Nurses' knowledge of risk factors, suicide potential, and management of a suicidal patient were examined after nurses read a vignette about a suicidal patient with cancer. Analysis included descriptive statistics and content analysis. Approximately 20% of nurses underestimated the patient's suicide risk. Nurses correctly identified an average of three of eight risk factors, but 61% misidentified worries and fears as suicide risk factors or indicators of suicide risk. More than 60% of nurses correctly identified saying goodbye, giving away a treasured object, being a widower, and wishing to be dead as risk factors. Few knew that race/ethnicity (3.23%), male gender (23.66%), and age (31.18%) were risk factors. Undiagnosed mental disorders also increase suicide risk. Physicians and nurses often fail to ask oncology patients about depression, and depressed patients often report only physical symptoms and minimize their depression or suicidal ideas. Before committing suicide, 8 of 10 suicidal people had asked for better management of their physical symptoms, but their suicide risk was not detected. After recognizing any indicator of suicide risk, a nurse should assess risk factors, detect clues, and estimate individual lethality. Few (15.12%) nurses asked about a suicide plan as a nursing assessment, and 37% of the nurses used consultation. Less than one-third of nurses recommended providing safety, protecting the patient, or taking suicide precautions. Such evidence indicates the need for education to enhance knowledge and skill building to improve the interviewing and care of suicidal patients.
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PMID:Oncology nurses' knowledge and misconceptions about suicide. 805 25

Fifty-nine women admitted to hospital because of severe depression were studied prospectively during hospital admission and nine months following hospital discharge in order to identify psychosocial and illness factors associated with prognosis. Outcome was measured in terms of both depression scores and recovery at the time of follow-up. In keeping with the findings of other studies, the outcome was often poor, with only 54% having recovered nine months after discharge, poorer outcome being associated with more negative self-esteem measured when the women were depressed and with suicidal ideas. The findings indicate that in severely depressed women likely to be admitted to hospital, psychosocial factors may have less relevance to outcome, at least in the short term, than in less severely depressed patients studied in community or out-patient samples.
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PMID:Do psychosocial factors influence outcome in severely depressed female psychiatric in-patients? 830 16

Treatment for depression has improved and several well tolerated antidepressants have been developed. The diagnosis is less important for the choice of treatment than the severity of the symptoms. Antidepressants are indicated if a depression is of at least moderate severity. For many years attempt has been made to find specific criteria for the choice of the "right" antidepressant. At present the scientific results do not allow unequivocal formulation of criteria for the differential indication of antidepressants. When treating patients we have nevertheless to decide which antidepressants to prescribe. Based on scientific results and long therapeutic experience, the author indicates which antidepressants may be more successful in which depression (retarded depression, agitated depression, delusional depression, suicidal ideas, anxiety, obsessive compulsive symptoms, eating disorders and atypical depression).
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PMID:[Are there antidepressants specially indicated in certain depressive disorders?]. 834


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