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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was carried out in which 135 mildly or moderately depressed outpatients were randomly allocated to one of five groups receiving six weeks' treatment weith antidepressant drugs. The groups received a tricyclic antidepressant (trimipramine; mean dose 106 mg at night) or a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (phenelzine or isocarboxazid; mean doses 45 and 32 mg/day respectively), or a combination of the two (phenelzine plus trimipramine or isocarboxazid plus trimipramine). Various scales were used to measure depression before and at one, three, and six weeks of treatment, and results were assessed blindly. The tricyclic antidepressant was found to be consistently superior to the MAOIs and the combined treatments. Some differential indicators of response to the various antidepressants were found--for example, patients with initial complaints of dizziness, suicidal ideas, irritability, and insomnia and a longer duration of illness were more likely to respond to trimipramine--but these were of only modest significance. Side effects were not troublesome in any group. It is concluded that neither MAOIs nor MAOIs combined with tricyclic antidepressants are the treatment of first choice in unselected outpatients with mild or moderate depression.
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PMID:Controlled trial of trimipramine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and combined treatment in depressed outpatients. 39 42

The severity of depression, the presence and intensity of suicidal feelings, and the outcome of depressive illness treated in general practice were studied. The results suggest that a consideration of the relatively good outcome at 16 to 18 weeks alone is misleading. At least one in six new patients is suffering from a depression of moderately severe intensity and a similar proportion experience suicidal ideas that are persistent and require active rejection. A sample of patients with chronic depression had only a slightly smaller morbidity. The presence of moderately severe symptoms of depression in both groups of patients has important implications for treatment.
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PMID:The severity of depression in patients treated in general practice. 89 41

In a factor-analytical study of depression across two cultures, African and European, certain similarities and important differences were found. Depression in African cultures presented principally as depressed mood, somatic symptoms and motor retardation. In European cultures depression presented with depressed mood, guilt, suicidal ideas, motor retardation or anxiety. Both groups lost interest in work and the environment. Guilt and suicidal ideas and acts are uncommon in African sample, and appear to be culturally determined.
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PMID:A factor-analytical study of depression across cultures (African and European). 120 49

The existing literature on the long-term sequelae of child sexual abuse is reviewed. The evidence suggests that sexual abuse is an important problem with serious long-term sequelae; but the specific effects of sexual abuse, independent of force, threat of force, or such family variables as parental psychopathology, are still to be clarified. Adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse show greater evidence of sexual disturbance or dysfunction, homosexual experiences in adolescence or adulthood, depression, and are more likely than nonabused women to be revictimized. Anxiety, fear, and suicidal ideas and behavior have also been associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse but force and threat of force may be a necessary concomitant. As yet, there is insufficient evidence to confirm a relation between a history of childhood sexual abuse and a postsexual abuse syndrome and multiple or borderline personality disorder. Male victims of child sexual abuse show disturbed adult sexual functioning. The relation between age of onset of abuse and outcome is still equivocal. Greater long-term harm is associated with abuse involving a father or stepfather and abuse involving penetration. Longer duration is associated with greater impact, and the use of force or threat of force is associated with greater harm.
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PMID:A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. 154 21

Typical manic episodes could be the cause of penal infractions, usually benign. In contrast, forensic studies show a close relationship between depression, suicide and homicide. Killers (16-28%) are often depressed when they commit a crime. In the UK and USA, 4-35% of killers commit suicide immediately after their crime. Assessment of a depressed patient must include an evaluation of the risk of homicide as well as the risk of suicide. The past history of depression and suicidal attempts, the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideas, are good predictors of impending danger of aggression and sometimes of homicide.
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PMID:[Homicide is strongly correlated to depression and not to mania]. 160 Sep 18

While describing mimic and pantomimic aspects in depressive patients, the author points out how these features can often be found clearly reproduced in the paintings of artists. Then paintings of a depressive and suicidal female patient are discussed and compared with paintings of a talented student-nurse from our institution expressing her experiences with depressive patients. Also some examples of literary depiction of experienced depression are discussed. Finally the question is posed whether suicidal individuals can be freed from their ideas and impulses by pictures expressing suicidal ideas.
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PMID:[The face of depression]. 192 17

Patients (200) with chronic intractable pain were evaluated to identify various psychiatric symptoms. Identifiable psychiatric illness, commonest being neurotic depression and anxiety states, was found in 72 per cent patients. The common symptoms reported on the present state examination (PSE) were worrying (77%), depression (40%), loss of interest (31.5%), hopelessness (16.5%), loss of weight (18%), and suicidal ideas (8%) and irritability (41.5%). Two thirds of patients had both anxiety and depression.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms in patients with non-organic chronic intractable pain. 207 Nov 86

A double-blind, controlled study was carried out in 20 patients diagnosed as suffering from depressive disorder according to DSM-III criteria to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of fluvoxamine, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, with that of imipramine. Patients were allocated at random to receive one or other drug for a period of 4 weeks, dosage starting at 50 mg for the first 3 days and increasing to 100 mg daily for a further 3 days. Dosage was continued at this level for the remainder of the trial but was increased, if necessary, to 150 mg daily in two divided doses. Assessments of symptom severity were made on entry and response after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Clinical Global Impression and a Visual Analogue Scale. Tolerability was assessed using the Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale. The results showed that at the end of the trial there was a significant reduction in depressive symptoms severity in both groups and that fluvoxamine was significantly more effective than imipramine in reducing suicidal ideas and anxiety/somatic symptoms. Both drugs were relatively well tolerated but the side-effect profiles were different, being mainly of the anticholinergic type with the tricyclic and gastro-intestinal with fluvoxamine.
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PMID:Fluvoxamine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive patients: a double-blind controlled study. 212 47

Out of 194 chronic schizophrenic in-patients, depressed mood (item 23 of the PSE) was present in 25 (13%). When compared with 25 matched controls, the patients with depressed mood had significantly higher scores on the MADRS and the Beck Depression Inventory. Serious suicidal ideas and auditory hallucinations were significantly more common in the depressed group. However, there were no significant differences between the matched groups in terms of negative symptoms, Parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, anticholinergic medication, or current dose of antipsychotic drug, which suggests that the depression identified was not related to drug treatment, nor was it a direct manifestation or misinterpretation of negative symptoms. Over three-month follow-up, the MADRS and Beck scores covaried closely with the presence or absence of depressed mood. This depressive syndrome persisted over the three months in the majority of patients originally depressed.
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PMID:The nature and prevalence of depression in chronic schizophrenic in-patients. 257 68

A descriptive study of suicides in 74 Chinese schizophrenic out-patients (43 male) is presented. The mean age at death was 31.3 years. The mean duration of illness was 8.5 years and 50 of the 74 died within ten years of onset of illness. Only five lived alone; 35 were openly employed and 20 were married at the time of death. Twenty had a history of depression, and 27 had attempted suicide previously. More females had been depressed or had attempted suicide than males. Over half were last admitted for reasons other than schizophrenic symptoms alone and ten died within one month of discharge. Eight of 71 patients followed up expressed suicidal ideas at the last psychiatric contact, but only 15 were symptomatic. Jumping was the commonest method used. Analytical studies are needed to identify risk factors in Chinese schizophrenics.
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PMID:Suicide among Chinese schizophrenics in Hong Kong. 277 52


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