Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A number of studies have examined the impact of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on mood by means of cross-sectional analyses. These studies have provided a "snapshot" view of the numbers of patients showing psychological disturbance. To examine both the incidence and patterns of depression, 121 patients undergoing routine elective CABG were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 8 days, 8 weeks, and 12 months on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The incidence findings suggested a small, transient increase in the number of patients with depression shortly after surgery. The preoperative score on the BDI was the best predictor of postoperative depression at all times of measurement. Discriminant function analysis on the patterns of depression indicated that trait anxiety maximally separated those patients who were depressed pre- and postoperatively from those only depressed shortly after the operation. The findings emphasize the value of examining patients' levels of anxiety and depression prior to surgery.
 ...
PMID:Incidence and patterns of depression following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 927 8

This paper examined the relationship between psychological adjustment and sexual ability in a sample of 33 men with erectile dysfunction and their spouses. Indices of sexual efficacy converged and were negatively associated with self-reported depression. Data are interpreted as confirming the association between erectile dysfunction and psychological disturbance and as providing evidence of validity for the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory Depression Scale and the Sexual Self-efficacy Scale.
 ...
PMID:The Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and sexual efficacy in urological patients with erectile dysfunction. 1020 59

In samples of American and Kuwaiti college students, current and prior suicidal preoccupation were associated with measures of psychological disturbance, with depression being the strongest predictor of suicidality in both samples. Although the Kuwaiti students were more depressed than the American students, they reported less prior suicidal preoccupation.
 ...
PMID:Suicidality and personality in American and Kuwaiti students. 1045 11

Eighteen out of 22 consecutive patients undergoing vertical banded gastroplasty were reviewed with regard to preoperative psychological assessment and postoperative outcome. Each patient was initially evaluated by a consultant liaison psychiatrist with regard to previous or ongoing psychological disturbance, and suitability for bariatric surgery. Patients could be grouped into three broad categories: Group A (seven patients) those with no psychiatric abnormality; Group B (six patients) those with minor psychiatric disorders such as sociopathic teenage behavior, outpatient treatment for depression; and Group C (five patients) those with a history of major psychiatric disturbance such as depressive psychosis and drug dependency. Psychiatric morbidity had no adverse effect in terms of postoperative outcome or weight loss. Mean weight loss of 26%, 30% and 33% was recorded in groups A, B and C respectively after a mean follow-up period of 33 months following gastroplasty. The occurrence of postoperative psychiatric problems correlated closely with none of seven patients in group A but in four of the five patients in Group C requiring psychiatric management. Our findings indicate that psychiatric illness is not associated with poor outcome following surgery for morbid obesity and such patients should not be excluded if psychiatric support is available before and after surgery.
 ...
PMID:Psychological Profile and Outcome in Patients Undergoing Gastroplasty for Morbid Obesity. 1077 13

Qualitative accounts suggest that social difficulties are a major source of psychological disturbance to disfigured people. However, there have been few systematic investigations of their psychological and social difficulties, and those which do exist are usually small studies with methodological difficulties. Social skills training and cognitive-behavioural therapy are promising interventions, particularly if it can be demonstrated that anxiety is a major element of the psychological difficulties experienced by disfigured people.A postal survey was sent to all ex-patients at a plastic surgery clinic who received plastic surgery to the face between 6 months and 5 years 6 months prior to the date of the survey. Of these, 105 ex-patients returned questionnaires, representing a 41.8% response rate. Respondents did not differ from non-respondents according to age, sex or diagnosis. The majority of respondents were not experiencing psychological difficulty, but GHQ caseness, HAD anxiety and HAD depression scores were generally higher than in general population samples. Their levels of social phobia appeared higher than prevalence in the general population, although direct comparison is hampered by the different instruments used. Women showed greater disturbance than men on many of the scales used, and patients who had undergone surgery for revision of scars showed greater disturbance than those who had undergone surgery for cancer. The current study may be considered more representative of disfigured people than previous surveys, since its subjects were neither awaiting nor receiving treatment, although the response rate was still low. Contrary to assertions in previous studies, standardised measures detected dysphoria in this sample. Anxiety, particularly in social situations, with associated phobic avoidance, was the most frequently reported difficulty, with depression considerably less common. Given the success of cognitive-behaviour therapy in addressing such difficulties, both via formal therapy and self-help methods, there are clear implications for treatment from this finding.
 ...
PMID:Psychological difficulties amongst plastic surgery ex-patients following surgery to the face: a survey. 1087 74

Thirty per cent of women aged 35 years and over suffer from heavy menstruation, but only 7% have consulted a doctor in the previous six months, suggesting that a significant number of these women do not consult a general practitioner. There is evidence that women who report heavy menstruation are more likely to have symptoms of psychological disturbance. This study sets out to determine whether the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression might be linked to subsequent consultation for increased vaginal bleeding in primary care.
 ...
PMID:Does psychological status predict the presentation in primary care of women with a menstrual disturbance? 1105 Jul 98

Study was made of the psychological sequelae of 301 tubal sterilizations performed between 1959 and 1964 at the Lady Hardinge Hospital in New Delhi. The women were interviewed on aspects of their general health, sleeping habits, and evidences of depression and anxiety for 2-4 years after the operation. The women were divided into 2 groups for comparison: the 241 who had requested the procedure and the 60 who had had to be persuaded to have the operation. Mild psychological disturbances such as anxiety of insomnia were reported in 12.2% of the cases, and severe disturbances such as hysteria or severe depression were reported in 8.9% of the cases. There were more disturbances reported in the persuaded group than the willing group. No significant change was reported in the patients' sexual response after the operations, though those in the persuaded group had slightly less libido. Also those with altered libido in both groups showed much higher degree of psychological disturbance than those with unaltered libido. Dyspareunia was reported in 13% of the cases and menstrual disturbances in 26.8% of the cases. The persuaded group showed much higher rates of dysmenorrhea than the willing group. Some changes occurred in family happiness after the operation, both positive and negative. It is concluded that psychological disturbances are an important factor in dealing with sterilization procedures.
 ...
PMID:Psychological aspects of sterilisation in female. 1233 20

Research based information on the impact of culture on psychopathology is reviewed, with particular reference to depression, somatization, schizophrenia, anxiety, and dissociation. A number of worldwide constants in the incidence and mode of expression of psychological disorders are identified, especially in relation to schizophrenia and depression. The scope of variation of psychopathological manifestations across cultures is impressive. Two tasks for future investigations involve the determination of the generic relationship between psychological disturbance and culture and the specification of links between cultural characteristics and psychopathology. To this end, hypotheses are advanced pertaining to the cultural dimensions investigated by Hofstede and their possible reflection in psychiatric symptomatology. It is concluded that the interrelationship of culture and psychopathology should be studied in context and that observer, institution, and community variables should be investigated together with the person's experience of distress and disability.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of psychopathology across and within cultures: issues and findings. 1278 Dec 44

Although clinical experience has suggested for more than two decades that OSA is associated with impairment of cognition, emotional state, and quality of life and that treatment with nasal CPAP produces significant improvements in these areas, sound empirical evidence to support this view, especially regarding treatment outcome, has been lacking. More recent investigations have begun to provide this support from randomized, adequately controlled studies. These assessments suggest that some degree of cognitive dysfunction is associated with OSA. The effects are most apparent in the severe cases, whereas results in mild cases are more equivocal. Reported impairments include global intellectual dysfunction and deficits in vigilance, alertness, concentration, short- and long-term memory, and executive and motor function. Considerable discrepancy exists across studies with respect to type and degree of dysfunction, however. Disturbances in general intellectual function and executive function show strongest correlations with measures of hypoxemia. Not unexpectedly, alterations in vigilance, alertness, and, to some extent, memory seem to correlate more with measures of sleep disruption. Although many inadequately controlled investigations have demonstrated reversibility of most or all of these deficits with effective treatment, more recent placebo-controlled studies have raised doubts regarding whether the observed changes are truly a function of treatment. This issue requires further systematic exploration with adequate controls and step-wise analysis of treatment duration effects. A similar set of considerations exists with respect to the relationship between psychological disturbance, primarily depression, and OSA. Although several studies suggest significant depression in these patients, the results are mixed. Placebo-controlled treatment trials fail to demonstrate consistently a difference in mood improvement between active treatment groups and controls, although several methodologic considerations suggest that these results should be interpreted with caution. Numerous investigations leave little doubt about the issue of quality of life impairment among persons with OSA. Further characterization of impairment, particularly in areas specific to this population, will provide clearer understanding of the problem. Preliminary investigations of treatment response in controlled studies indicate significantly greater improvement of quality of life in response to CPAP. Although patients with OSA commonly report disturbances in cognitive and psychological function and general quality of life, the increased rates of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, medication use, and related psychosocial complications present a host of potential etiologies that might explain the impairments noted. There can be little doubt that these covariants do, in some cases, contribute to neuropsychological dysfunctions. It is essential that future studies continue to define those disturbances that are specific to OSA, the relationship between levels of severity and impairment, the role of treatment in reversing these dysfunctions, and the correlation between test results and significant day-to-day social and occupational functional impairment.
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychological impairment and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea. 1280 Jul 82

Dyspnea is a main feature of symptomatology in asthma, and its perception does not necessarily correlates well with airway obstruction. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to identify factors determining the subjective degree of dyspnea in patients with different grades of stable bronchial asthma and (2) to compare various clinical methods existing for grading dyspnea. The investigation comprised 153 outpatients with stable asthma. The parameters studied were the following: demographic characteristic of subjects, baseline dyspnea score by means of three clinical instruments (baseline dyspnea index [BDI], Medical Research Council [MRC] scale, and modified Borg scale), asthma severity, standard measures of physiologic lung function, anxiety, depression, subconscious illness attention, and asthma-related quality of life (HRQOL). The dyspnea scores were all significantly interrelated (r=0.77-0.85, p<0.001). The three clinical scales for grading dyspnea were significantly correlated with the same parameters: airflow obstruction, lung hyperinflation, emotional factors, HRQOL, age, age at asthma onset, asthma duration, female gender, clinical severity, and lower economical, and educational levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that independent factors determining clinical dyspnea scores were: age, airway obstruction, and emotional status. Moreover, in patients with severe asthma, lung hyperinflation helped to explain the individual dyspnea score. These data suggest that clinical methods are appropriate for evaluating the impact of dyspnea on daily activities of asthmatic patients. BDI, MRC, and Borg clinical dyspnea scales showed similarly information in subjects with asthma. Independently of asthma severity, older age, airway obstruction, and psychological disturbance were associated with higher degree of dyspnea. However, if subjects had severe airway obstruction, lung hyperinflation was a major determinant of baseline dyspnea score.
 ...
PMID:Determinants of dyspnea in patients with different grades of stable asthma. 1287 Aug 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>