Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from 60 gastric cancer patients and 20 patients with benign gastric diseases and 8 healthy controls were tested for inhibitory effects on the humoral response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by the plaque forming cell assay (PFC R.I.) using mouse spleen cells and on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis of normal mouse spleen cells (PHA S.R.). Gastric cancer patient sera showed a significantly lower PFC R.I. than did sera from benign gastric disease patients and from the healthy controls. However, there was no appreciable interstage difference in the degree of depression. The PHA-induced blastogenesis of normal spleen cells was also decreased in the presence of sera from cancer patients, as compared to that in the presence of sera from benign disease patients and from the healthy controls. The depression progressed with advancing stage of cancer. The PHA S.R. showed significant negative correlations with serum levels of IAP, IS, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 1-antitrypsin, but there were no such correlations between PFC R.I. and these glycoproteins in serum. There was also no correlation between the values of the PHA S.R. and the PFC R.I. These results suggest that these two assays may depict immunosuppressive activities operating through entirely different mechanisms.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive activity of sera from gastric cancer patients. 643 Nov 62

Plasma fibronectin (PFN) is a high molecular weight adhesive glycoprotein. Following trauma or sepsis PFN is acutely depleted, with rapid restoration of normal or supranormal levels after 24 to 48 hours. Cecal ligation with perforation provides an animal model of surgical trauma combined with polymicrobial sepsis. The present study examines whether this PFN level restoration 6 to 24 hours postoperatively is associated with de novo PFN synthesis and how this response is altered by pre-existing protein-calorie deprivation. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into four groups: I--Controls, II--Prefasted Controls, III--Ligated, IV--Prefasted and Ligated. Control and experimental groups received intracardiac 35S-methionine 2 hours postoperatively. Plasma fibronectin (PFN) levels, PFN specific activity, plasma total protein, and total protein specific activity were determined at 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Ligated rats (Groups III & IV) demonstrated significant PFN level increases 24 to 48 hours postoperatively (p less than 0.01-0.05). Despite a significant preoperative PFN level depression in prefasted rats (Groups II & IV), the 24-48 hours response to cecal ligation was not significantly altered. PFN specific activity was significantly increased among the operative groups 6 hours postoperatively, demonstrating de novo PFN synthesis following cecal ligation and perforation.
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PMID:Plasma fibronectin response to sepsis: mobilization or synthesis? 648 33

Comparison of three different lines of bovine aortal endothelial cells provides a clear demonstration of reversible morphologic phenotype coincidental with change in expression and growth mode. These phenotypic forms can be externally controlled so that cells may exist either in an epithelioid contact-inhibitable state or as a fibroblastoid non-contact-inhibitable state. Clonal cell line N (normal) shows a strong tendency to maintain the epithelioid phenotype. Clonal cell line Sp (sprout) can readily and reversibly adopt the epithelioid or fibroblastoid phenotype. A factor in normal serum is responsible for maintaining the cells in the epithelioid phenotype. This factor could be a growth factor since several polypeptide growth factors are shown to drive cells from the fibroblastoid phenotype to the epithelioid phenotype within 11 hours. This growth factor-induced change is not mediated through induced DNA synthesis. Clonal cell line V (variant) normally maintains the fibroblastoid phenotype but can be directed to the epithelioid phenotype provided cells are on an appropriate collagenous matrix. Associated with these changes in morphological phenotype are depression of the expression of the pro alpha 2 chain of collagen type I which may be characteristic of the contact-inhibited state and of an 80,000 mol wt polypeptide synthesized only by cells in the fibroblastoid phenotype. An endothelial cell collagen EC1 (mol wt 177,000) was synthesized by all cell lines regardless of phenotype whereas a suspected breakdown product EC3 (mol wt 100,000) was found only in the epithelioid phenotype. Other differences and similarities between cell lines include expression of a 135,000 mol wt glycoprotein GP (V and N), the procollagen of collagen type III (N) of fibronectin (N, V, Sp), and of the pro alpha 1 chain of collagen type I (Sp, V). The characteristic expression of each line and its response to signals controlling morphologic phenotype impinges on the question of whether there exist several distinct types of vascular endothelial cells with different functional potentials controlled by extracellular signals.
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PMID:Signals causing change in morphological phenotype, growth mode, and gene expression of vascular endothelial cells. 710 19

Previous research has shown that disseminated intravascular coagulation causes a depression in RE function. Fibronectin, a high-molecular-weight surface-binding glycoprotein, is known to modulate RE function by facilitating opsonic activity and is sensitive to proteolytic cleavage by plasmin, yielding FNDP. The present investigation suggests that isolated FNDP, generated in vitro by incubation with plasmin, can depress phagocytosis in vivo as well as in vitro. Phagocytosis in rats was determined by a clearance technique employing CR51-RBCs and in vitro by employing a monolayer of peritoneal exudate macrophages. The in vivo studies demonstrated significantly reduced hepatic phagocytosis after the injection of FNDP an delayed clearance of injected test particles. Macrophage uptake in vitro, supported by either normal rat serum or purified fibronectin, was significantly reduced when incubated with FNDP. These results suggest that depression of the RE system and phagocytosis during intravascular coagulation may be mediated in part by the formation of plasmin degradation products of plasma fibronectin.
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PMID:Depression of phagocytosis by plasmin degradation products of plasma fibronectin. 725 34

Antifreeze glycoproteins and glycopeptides that function noncolligatively contribute one-third of the freezing temperature depression in the blood serum of some polar fishes and enable them to survive at low temperature (-1.9 degree C). There are at least eight closely related glycoproteins and glycopeptides ranging in molecular weight from 32,000 to 2,600 and numbered 1 to 8 in order of decreasing size. Under conditions of negligible supercooling, the glycopeptides have weaker antifreeze activity than the glycoproteins (20% on a weight basis, or 5% on a molar basis); in mixtures of both, their activities are additive. When nucleation is initiated in supercooled solutions (-4 to -5 degrees C), the glycopeptides are inactive, while the glycoproteins still show activity; when mixtures of both are nucleated in supercooled solutions, cooperative potentiation occurs, and the full activities of the glycopeptides are found. On nucleation of supercooled solutions of the glycoprotein alone or of the mixtures, the temperature rises above the freezing temperature ("overshoots") to an extent dependent upon the extent of supercooling; the temperature of the sample then decreases to form a plateau at the true freezing temperature.
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PMID:Antifreeze glycoproteins from Polar fish. Effects of freezing conditions on cooperative function. 735 36

Dolichol is an isoprenoid lipid involved in the assembly of many membrane-bound and secreted glycoproteins. Dolichol biosynthesis can be considered as a branch of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway subsequent to the reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, EC 1.1.1.34), the major regulatory enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. Changes in reductase activity can also affect the rate of dolichol synthesis. Since the majority of plasma glycoproteins are synthesized by the liver, we have measured the rate of dolichol synthesis in mouse-liver slices after various treatments which alter hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase activity in vivo. The rate of hepatic dolichol synthesis was decreased by dietary cholesterol and fasting, and increased by feeding cholestyramine. There is also a diurnal variation in the rate of dolichol synthesis. A plot of the rate of dolichol synthesis versus the rate of cholesterol synthesis suggests that, after the formation of isoprene units, the branch of dolichol biosynthesis is saturated at a lower concentration of isoprene intermediates than is required to saturate the branch of cholesterol biosynthesis. After 2 weeks of cholesterol feeding and the consequent depression of hepatic dolichol synthesis, the rate of [3H]mannose incorporation into liver and plasma glycoproteins was unchanged, indicating that the rate of dolichol biosynthesis was not rate-limiting for total glycoprotein synthesis under these conditions.
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PMID:Regulation of hepatic dolichol synthesis by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. 741 Mar 82

beta-adrenergic stimulation of glycoprotein secretion was shown to be decreased in submandibular glands of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) mice. The defective response was partially restored by the methylxanthine, IBMX or cpt-cyclic AMP. Cholinergic stimulation of pancreatic amylase secretion was not affected in CF mice, demonstrating that this is not a generalised depression of protein secretion. The data are the first to show that the CF mouse mimics the protein secretion defect in CF human submandibular cells and that the mechanism of correction of the CF defect is via elevation of cyclic AMP. The results are therefore invaluable towards devising a rational pharmaceutical therapy for CF patients.
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PMID:Decreased beta-adrenergic stimulation of glycoprotein secretion in CF mice submandibular glands: reversal by the methylxanthine, IBMX. 748 8

Quantitative changes in plasma wound healing factors in cirrhotic patients after esophageal transection were evaluated and compared with those of non-cirrhotic esophageal cancer patients (controls) after esophageal resection. Serum total protein, albumin and fibronectin were maintained at the same levels as those in controls when multiple units of fresh frozen plasma and albumin products were employed. Nevertheless, the principle protease inhibitors including alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein showed little increase by the 3rd postoperative day, while those of controls increased as much as twofold at this time. Levels of complements C3 and C4 showed consistent depression, with little change during the study period. We conclude that the levels of some of the plasma proteins essential in wound healing are depressed in cirrhotic patients during the critical period after surgery.
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PMID:Changes in wound healing factors in liver cirrhosis after esophageal transection for esophageal varices. 778 33

A single injection of pristane was given i.p. to plasmacytoma-susceptible BALB/cAn mice. At intervals up to 6 mo thereafter, immunofluorescence labeling of intranuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), cell surface B220 glycoprotein, cytoplasmic mu-chains of IgM (c mu), and surface mu-chains (s mu), together with mitotic arrest techniques, were used to quantitate the in vivo population dynamics of precursor B cells in the bone marrow. TdT-expressing pro-B cells (TdT+B220-, TdT+B220+), before the expression of mu-chains, showed sustained increases in both population size and the number of cells flowing through mitosis per unit time. In contrast, populations of pre-B cells (c mu + s mu -) and B cells (s mu +) were consistently depressed for long periods of time, including the phase of plasmacytoma formation. Precursor B cells in DBA/2 mice, a plasmacytoma-resistant strain, showed similar responses to pristane treatment. The results demonstrate that a single injection of pristane, which greatly increases the demand for macrophage activity in the peritoneal space, causes sustained distant alterations in B cell lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow; specifically, a prolonged increased proliferation of pro-B cells coupled with a depression and a exaggerated loss of pre-B cells and B cells. The protracted stress on B cell lymphopoiesis may be a predisposing factor in the subsequent development of c-myc-activating chromosomal rearrangements that play a critical role in plasmacytomagenesis.
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PMID:Perturbation of B cell genesis in the bone marrow of pristane-treated mice. Implications for plasmacytoma induction. 786 85

Chromones are frequently employed in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. Following our recent investigations concerning the influence of some antiallergic drugs, such as cromoglycate sodium, steroids, oxatomide and ketotifen (H1 antihistamines), and theophylline, on the immune response, in the present study we analyzed the in vitro effects of a new chromone derivative, nedocromil, on the immune response. To this end, the proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNCs) induced by mitogen (PHA) and by CD3, CD2 or CD28 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been studied. Since the effects of nedocromil on immunological parameters are achieved at 10(-7) mol/l, in the experiments herein reported the drug was tested in the cultures at concentrations of 10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol/l. Furthermore, the effect of nedocromil was evaluated on the surface expression of the following markers expressed by PMNCs upon activation: ICAM-1 (CD54), LFA-1 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP). The results of the present investigation showed no effect of nedocromil on these immunological parameters. These data acquire clinical relevance when related to previous reports showing a depression of the immunological response exerted by other compounds, such as ketotifen, theophylline and steroids.
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PMID:Nedocromil sodium and the immune response. 791 48


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