Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The findings of a comparative community survey of the socioeconomic, cultural and psychiatric state of elderly black persons in a newly settled township (Khayelitsha--170 persons) and a long established one (Langa--195 persons) revealed marked differences. Symptoms of psychological distress, depression and limitation of daily activities were generally more marked in the former and strikingly so among women: 66% had symptoms warranting further investigation and 44% would have been treated for a depressive disorder if seen by a psychiatrist. Extreme poverty existed in both townships but the Khayelitsha subjects were less well educated, their accommodation was poorer, and fewer had old-age pensions. Elderly black women in newly settled townships have therefore been identified as having high priority for psychiatric and social services.
 ...
PMID:Psychological distress and depression in urbanising elderly black persons. 202 Aug 93

Counseling dyads were investigated through the use of client ratings of their counselor (modified version of the Counselor Rating Form-Short form) and related to client background characteristics, perceived therapeutic gain, psychological distress (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale [RCMAS] and Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale), and social desirability (Lie Scale of RCMAS). With a sample of severely emotionally disturbed adolescents (N = 45), who had received extensive counseling, only limited support was found for a relationship between counselor ratings and client background characteristics, therapeutic gain, and psychological distress. However, an important finding was the notable influence of social desirability on counselor ratings. This finding must be viewed with an understanding of the special nature of the present sample.
 ...
PMID:Adolescent clients and perceived counselor characteristics: a study of background characteristics, therapeutic progress, psychological distress, and social desirability. 202 64

A stress-support model incorporating indicators of life events, social support and SCL-90 measures of psychological distress was hypothesized to affect both reported and objective (somnographic) sleep. To determine the effects of these antecedents on sleep among 69 mid-life women, two models were tested, using both partial correlations and path analysis. Of all the measures of life events and social support examined in this study only negative LEs and contacts with non-supportive persons were associated (positively) with psychological distress, differentially explaining between 9% and 19% of the variance in each of five SCL-90 subscales. Both negative life events and contacts with non-supportive persons influenced depression and the SCL-90 PST index, whereas only negative life events affected anxiety, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Anxiety, depression and the PST index, as indicators of psychological distress, had direct inverse effects on reported sleep with significant adjusted R2 values ranging from 10% to 16%. The model did not hold for somnographic sleep. The factors which are likely to contribute to the absence of an observed relationship between psychological distress and somnographic sleep are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Stress, support, psychological states and sleep. 206 6

At best, most individuals are able to recount two to three of the seven warning signs of cancer [1]. However, this finding is primarily based on free recall of symptoms personally experienced by the respondent. In the present study, a new approach is introduced as an alternative to traditional assessment of knowledge of cancer warning signs. The Knowledge of Cancer Warning Signs Inventory (KCWSI) is a 25 item self-report questionnaire which yields three scores concerning probability judgments about symptoms: basic recognition of the seven warning signs (BRCWS), the extent to which nonwarning signs are perceived to be warning signs (NSPWS), and the extent to which one can accurately discriminate between real and false positive warning signs (accurate knowledge of cancer: AKC). The KCWSI was given to a population who live in a community facing a perceived toxic waste hazard, based on the hypothesis that such a group should be cognizant of the warning signs of cancer because of the serious health threats posed by toxic exposure and the presumed need to engage in greater health preventative activities when living with such an environmental threat. Results show that basic knowledge of the seven cancer warning signs is predicted by AKC, fear of cancer, and a family history of cancer. Misperception of common distress symptoms (of anxiety, somatization, and depression) as symptoms of cancer (nonwarning signs perceived as warning signs: NSPWS) is predicted by fear of cancer, a composite scale of perceived susceptibility to cancer and other health-related problems, Global Symptom Distress, and higher order interactions among the demographic variables of race, gender, income and education. Accurate Knowledge of Cancer (AKC) is associated with lower fear of cancer and lower psychological distress than the other two knowledge measures. The Knowledge of Cancer Warning Signs Inventory yields complex information about how symptoms are perceived and may prove superior to other methods in understanding what people believe about the warning signs of cancer and how this understanding relates to health care behaviors. This study also illustrates the need to pay attention to how health information is measured.
 ...
PMID:Measuring knowledge of cancer. 206 7

A contextual model of stress was employed to examine the impact of cochlear implantation on parents' levels of stress and psychological adjustment. This model provided a framework for identifying stressors tied directly to the situation, and pointed to important life roles that may be altered. Twenty-four mothers of children implanted with cochlear implants completed a series of questionnaires assessing stressors related to daily parenting tasks, time demands, and childhood deafness. Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints were also administered. The results provided preliminary evidence that parents of children receiving cochlear implants experience higher levels of stress and poorer psychological adjustment than parents of normally hearing children. Greater parenting stress and emotional distress were reported by parents of children using multichannel as opposed to single-channel devices, with little evidence that this was related strongly to length of time using the devices. Finally, in analyses controlling for type of device and length of use, parenting stress as measured in the current study, accounted for substantial proportions of the variance in psychological distress. The implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Cochlear implants in children: a study of parental stress and adjustment. 206 97

Examined help-seeking and psychological distress among four groups of gay men (30 AIDS-diagnosed, 107 HIV-seropositive, 149 HIV-seronegative, 244 untested) in the AIDS Behavioral Research Project, a longitudinal survey of San Francisco gay men. The men reported high levels of anxiety, depression, and help-seeking from their social networks. AIDS-diagnosed and HIV-positives reported the most AIDS worry and were the most likely to seek help. High percentages of AIDS-diagnosed men sought help from all sources (peers, professionals, family), whereas nondiagnosed men were more likely to seek help from peers. Regardless of the men's HIV status, peers were perceived to be the most helpful source. Family members were less likely sought and perceived as least helpful. The strengths and limitations of peers as social support providers for AIDS-related concerns are discussed, including implications for the design of community programs to enhance the abilities of peer helpers.
 ...
PMID:Help-seeking for AIDS-related concerns: a comparison of gay men with various HIV diagnoses. 207

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and prevalence of the psychological symptomatology in parents of children undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and to investigate the manner in which certain psychosocial factors are related to parental distress associated with the informed consent process. A total of 61 parents (46 mothers and 15 fathers) were assessed with respect to psychological distress, coping styles, quality of physician-patient communication, and recall of BMT information after providing written consent for their child to have BMT. Forty-seven percent of fathers and 60% of mothers exhibited significant psychological distress of a generalized nature. Mothers exhibited a broader range of specific psychological symptomatology and more severe levels of depression and phobic anxiety than did fathers. The level of parents' distress was unrelated to characteristics of their child's disease or treatment milieu, or to parents' recall of BMT information. However, emotional coping was positively related to psychological distress whereas the quality of the communication between physician and parent was inversely related. The findings from this study suggest that approximately 50% of all parents could benefit from psychological interventions which promote the efficient utilization of coping strategies and highlight the importance of the nature of the communication style used by oncologist-investigators in obtaining informed consent.
 ...
PMID:Psychological distress in parents consenting to child's bone marrow transplantation. 209 10

Sixty-two chronic low back pain patients were administered the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) to assess the frequency of use and perceived effectiveness of a variety of cognitive and behavioral pain coping strategies. Analysis of individual variables revealed that CSQ factors, gender, physical examination findings, and chronicity of pain had significant effects on one or more of a series of pain, psychological distress or behavioral measures. To assess the relative contribution of each of these variables hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were carried out. These analyses revealed that the Helplessness factor of the CSQ explained 50% of the variance in psychological distress (Global Severity Index of the SCL-90R), and 46% of the variance in depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Patients scoring high on this CSQ factor had significantly higher levels of psychological distress. None of the demographic or medical status variables explained a significant proportion of variance in the psychological distress measures. The Diverting Attention and Praying factor of the CSQ explained a moderate (9%), but significant amount of variance in pain report. Patients scoring high on this factor had higher scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Coping strategies were not strongly related to pain behavior measures such as guarding or uptime. A consideration of pain coping strategies may allow one to design pain coping skills training interventions so as to fit the needs of the individual low back pain patient.
 ...
PMID:Analyzing chronic low back pain: the relative contribution of pain coping strategies. 213 4

In order to study the effects of compensation and litigation, 201 chronic pain patients were selected from a sample of 444: 99 were working, 15 were working and litigating, 53 were receiving Worker's Compensation, and 34 were receiving Worker's Compensation and litigating. Employment (working vs. Worker's Compensation) and litigation status (litigating vs. not litigating) were analyzed in a 2 x 2 factorial design with measures of pain, disability, psychological distress, and selected demographics as dependent variables. Compared to Worker's Compensation patients, working patients reported significantly less disability (down-time, days spent in bed, interference of pain in daily activities) and pain of a longer duration. Compared to litigating patients, non-litigating patients reported less pain (on the McGill Pain Questionnaire) and less disability (stopping activity, interference of pain in daily activities). On two measures of psychological distress (depression, anxiety), there were significant interactions: Worker's Compensation patients who were litigating reported less distress than non-litigants, while working patients who were litigating reported more distress than non-litigants. The results indicate clear differences in self-reports of disability associated with both employment and litigation status. They also suggest that litigation may function as a coping response for patients who are distressed by the adversarial nature of the Worker's Compensation system. Limitations of the study as well as suggestions for further research also are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Litigation and employment status: effects on patients with chronic pain. 214 75

Does a prepaid group practice relative to comparable fee-for-service plans lead to different mental health outcomes for its beneficiaries? To answer this question, we used data from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment. We observed no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in mental health outcomes for families randomly assigned to Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound or to comparable fee-for-service insurance plans in the Seattle area. We found the same null result for overall mental health status as well as for psychological distress (e.g., anxiety and depression) and psychological well-being, and for the full population as well as the initially sick and poor, although our precision was low for the latter comparisons. Thus, the less intensive style of treatment in the prepaid group practice was not associated with noticeably worse mental health outcomes.
 ...
PMID:The effects of a prepaid group practice on mental health outcomes. 221 Nov 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>