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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors' study confirmed the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly medical inpatients but found no relationship between the diagnosis of or symptoms of depression and mortality or hospital use. Other studies examining the impact of depression on outcome for elderly patients may not have adequately controlled for the severity of the accompanying physical illness, which may perhaps have been responsible for the reported adverse effects of depression on outcome. An alternative explanation is that the authors' study involved a 1-year follow-up and a longer period of time may be necessary. The study demonstrated that routine screening for depression in acute elderly medical inpatients may be a useful way of detecting coexisting psychiatric morbidity. The routine screening measures were acceptable to patients and may be of considerable potential value in alerting staff to accompanying psychological distress. This study also illustrated the high prevalence of depression in patient samples and the importance and usefulness of screening geriatric inpatients. There are, however, several questions that remain unanswered both in studies reviewed in this article and in the authors' own work. The etiology and mechanism of the association between physical illness and depression are unknown, and there has been a dearth of studies assessing the feasibility and utility of specific treatments for depression in the elderly physically ill.
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PMID:Depression and physical illness in the elderly. 160 Apr 78

The potential antidepressant effects of estrogen replacement therapy were examined cross-sectionally in a population of 1190 women 50 years and older living in Rancho Bernardo, California. Of the total, 294 (24.7%) were currently using estrogen. Among women aged 50-59 years, those currently using noncontraceptive estrogen had a significantly higher rate of Beck Depression Inventory scores of 13 or higher than all untreated women of the same age and higher mean depressive symptom scores than women who had never used estrogen. However, after age 60, mean depressive symptom scores and rates of categorical depression increased significantly in the untreated women but not in the treated women. A similar pattern was found when depressive symptom measures of treated and untreated women were stratified by the number of years since last menstrual period. Greater depressive symptoms in currently treated versus untreated women aged 50-59 years may reflect treatment selection bias, as a higher proportion of symptomatic depressed climacteric women seek treatment. The decreased risk of depressive symptoms after age 60 may reflect a long-term benefit of estrogen replacement or the selective discontinuation of estrogen by depressed women. In this cohort, reports of hot flushes, moods, and insomnia as the reason for estrogen use fell in parallel with a decline in depressive symptoms with increasing age, suggesting that hormone replacement therapy provided relief of physical symptoms, ie, possible causes of psychological distress. Clinical trials are needed to confirm these observations and postulated explanations.
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PMID:Estrogen use and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. 160 93

Although several researchers argue that informal support systems provide economic and psychological resources for black families, little empirical research is available to inform policy and intervention programs. This article examines the impact of informal, formal, and societal support systems on the mental health of black adolescent mothers. Using the social work generalist theoretical framework, several types of resources are considered separately to determine whether they contribute similarly to psychological well-being. Data from a survey of black teenage mothers show that both lay and professional supports were important for the young mother's psychological well-being. Support from a male partner, caseworker contact, and membership in a support group decreased psychological distress and depression. Support from the male partner also enhanced psychological well-being. Support from friends, on the other hand, was associated with higher levels of psychological distress. A professional service plan that effectively incorporates informal and societal supports in a complementary manner offers the best possibility for reducing the distress of black teenage mothers.
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PMID:The impact of formal, informal, and societal support networks on the psychological well-being of black adolescent mothers. 164 89

New findings are presented from a survey of depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and suicidality among 4,157 adolescents attending school in six border cities in Texas and neighboring Tamaulipas, Mexico. Among the Texas youth, 48.08% scored above 16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale (CES-D); 21% reported illicit drug use in the past month; and 23.43% said they had thought about killing themselves during the past week. Rates were lower among the Mexican youth: 39.41% had high CES-D scores; 4.95% reported drug use and 11.57% reported current suicidal ideation. Multivariate models are presented to show the linkage between psychological distress, drug use, and suicidality in this sample of border youth.
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PMID:A binational school survey of depressive symptoms, drug use, and suicidal ideation. 164 30

The present study concurrently measured psychological distress (state anxiety, depression, confusion, and intrusive thoughts), neuroendocrine (plasma cortisol concentrations), and immunologic [lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)] changes in the 5-week periods preceding and following serostatus notification among asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive and seronegative gay men. Seropositives, as opposed to seronegatives, showed a disparity in predicted relationships among distress, cortisol, and immunologic measures across the prenotification to postnotification period. Individual difference analyses suggested that among seropositives, in contrast to seronegatives, plasma cortisol concentrations were negatively correlated with psychological distress and positively correlated with responses to PHA (assessed at study entry and after serostatus notification). This pattern in seropositives could not be explained by differences in prenotification perceived risk of infectivity, extraneous environmental stressors, or CD4 cell counts within the seropositive group.
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PMID:Disparities in psychological, neuroendocrine, and immunologic patterns in asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative gay men. 167 4

Significant concern exists regarding occupational stress among nurses; the present study explored the ways in which nurses' clinical symptoms and coping styles may relate to their working on a brain injury unit or a general rehabilitation unit within an acute physical rehabilitation hospital. A comparison of rehabilitation nurses' responses with those of physical therapists within the same setting was also completed. Staff members completed questionnaires related to job stress and satisfaction, coping (Ways of Coping Checklist) and adjustment (Symptom Checklist-90). Staff groups differed with regard to symptomatology. Brain injury nurses reported higher psychological distress than physical therapists on subscales including depression, interpersonal sensitivity and the global severity index. While brain injury nurses' distress in several areas was higher than other staff groups and than a normal non-patient sample, it did not approach the levels reported by a psychiatric outpatient normative group. Although the three staff groups did not differ notably with regard to most styles of coping, data suggest that work with brain injury patients may foster use of a problem-solving style. Lower physical and cognitive functioning of brain patients as compared with general rehabilitation patients may influence the greater psychological distress reported by brain injury nurses. Job stress appears to relate specifically to the perceived stressfulness of cognitive behavioural aspects of care for all staff groups. Implications of these findings, particularly with regard to support interventions, are discussed.
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PMID:Rehabilitation staff stress as it relates to patient acuity and diagnosis. 173 53

Of 778 gay and bisexual men (none with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]), 27% (n = 212) reported suicidal ideation over the previous 6 months. Covariance structure models were used to explore predictors of suicide intent among (n = 112) suicide ideators with (n = 100) and without (n = 112) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Current AIDS-related stressors (deaths and illnesses and perceived AIDS risk) and past levels of adaptive functioning (social isolation and depression) were significantly more powerful predictors of suicide intent among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative ideators. Biological AIDS risk predicted neither suicide intent, current distress, nor perceived AIDS risk. Pathways to suicide intent appear to be psychologically, rather than biologically, mediated. Among HIV-positive ideators, AIDS-related death and illness events predicted suicide intent but not current distress symptoms. Some suicidal ideation in response to AIDS-related events may be an effort to cope rather than a manifestation of psychological distress.
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PMID:Factor influencing suicide intent in gay and bisexual suicide ideators: differing models for men with and without human immunodeficiency virus. 175 32

As part of an ongoing panel study, we evaluated 350 widows and widowers at 2 and 7 months following the loss of their spouses. In general, no consistent progression of grief resolution was noted. At 7 months, grief-specific feeling states remain remarkably similar to what they were at 2 months. Anxiety levels remain high and change little from 2 to 7 months. When changes do occur, they are not unidirectional. For example, subjects are about as likely to increase as to decrease their drinking or smoking. Furthermore, depression scores at month 2 correlate well with depression and anxiety scores at month 7. Over 50% of the subjects were depressed at some time during the study period, but the depression could initially manifest itself at any time during this period. Despite the presence of psychological distress in a significant minority, most bereaved individuals report good health, satisfactory work performance and good adjustment to widowhood.
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PMID:Early psychological reaction to the stress of widowhood. 178 63

The population of a women's prison (n = 92) was screened for psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a Recent Stressful Life Events questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. High levels of symptoms of psychological distress were recorded. Distress was correlated with recent stressful life events and was more severe in women awaiting trial. Fifty-three per cent of the prisoners were diagnosed as current cases of a psychiatric disorder and the most frequent diagnoses were adjustment disorder with depressed mood and personality disorders. Lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use disorders was 54 per cent. Aboriginal women were over-represented in this prison population. A follow-up survey after 4 months showed no fall in the prevalence of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity.
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PMID:Psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in women prisoners. 179 16

There is a lack of information about the precise strength of the relationship between chronic pain and depression. In a prior study, women with temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome (TMPDS) had much higher scores than did controls on a measure of nonspecific psychological distress. The question arose as to whether rates of clinical depression are also unusually high in TMPDS patients. Their former treating clinician rates cases for likely lifetime presence or absence of depression. A subset of those rated as likely depressed then had their diagnoses verified independently through a structured clinical interview by a psychiatrist and clinical psychologist. Results revealed a minimum lifetime prevalence rate for major depression of 41%. A rate of this magnitude in TMPDS cases is clearly much higher than would be found for women of similar background in the general population.
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PMID:Is major depression comorbid with temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome? A pilot study. 180 30


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