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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sex and mental illness. A sample of male and female adult psychiatric outpatients (n = 44) completed the Denver Community Mental Health Questionnaire (DCMHQ), the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, an abbreviated version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (the Mini-Mult), and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Differences in life event experiences, as well as differences on measures of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and social functioning, were explored and identified by means of Pearson product-moment correlations. The strongest correlations were found between sex and four of the subscales of the DCMHQ: women tended to be less productive and evidenced more psychological distress than men; men had more legal difficulties and were more likely to use soft drugs. A modest correlation was found on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, with women showing higher scores.
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PMID:Sex differences in mental health. 75 24

This study compared the mental health of 12 mothers who had infants with colic to 12 mothers of infants without colic. Colic was defined as infant fussing/crying of at least 2 hours/day for at least 5 out of 7 days, infant cry high-pitched and pain-sounding, and maternal report of infant inconsolability. Mental health was operationalized as scores on the Profile of Mood States and the Symptom Checklist-90R. Mothers of infants with colic had multidimensional psychological distress; they reported more bodily dysfunction, fears, disordered thinking, depression, anxiety, fatigue, hostility, impulsive thoughts and actions; and they had stronger feelings of personal inadequacy or inferiority. Implications for nursing research and practice are discussed in the context of study findings.
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PMID:Infant colic and maternal mental health: nursing research and practice concerns. 130 32

This study examined the relationship between body mass index, smoking status, and depressive symptoms reported on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Among women, but not men, greater body mass index was weakly associated with elevated reports of depressive symptoms. This relationship remained significant after controlling for age, years of education, and smoking status. A history of smoking (current and ex-smoking) and body weight in the highest weight quintile (> or = 28.96 kg/m2) was marginally related to increased risk of depression (CES-D score > or = 16) among women only. These results indicate that relative body weight is weakly related to psychological distress among women but not men, and that cigarette smoking does not significantly modify this relationship.
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PMID:Body weight and psychological distress in NHANES I. 840 53

A home-based exercise programme has been found to be as useful as a hospital-based one in improving cardiovascular fitness after an acute myocardial infarction. To find out whether a comprehensive home-based programme would reduce psychological distress, 176 patients with an acute myocardial infarction were randomly allocated to a self-help rehabilitation programme based on a heart manual or to receive standard care plus a placebo package of information and informal counselling. Psychological adjustment, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, was better in the rehabilitation group at 1 year. They also had significantly less contact with their general practitioners during the following year and significantly fewer were readmitted to hospital in the first 6 months. The improvement was greatest among patients who were clinically anxious or depressed at discharge from hospital. The cost-effectiveness of the home-based programme has yet to be compared with that of a hospital-based programme, but the findings of this study indicate that it might be worth offering such a package to all patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Effects of self-help post-myocardial-infarction rehabilitation on psychological adjustment and use of health services. 134 62

The purposes of the present study of chronic pain patients were to (a) assess whether cognitive and behavioral coping style is related to personality factors, (b) assess how coping styles differ across personality types, and (c) assess how outpatient interdisciplinary intervention affects the coping styles of various personality types. Four MMPI clusters (Depression/Pathological, V-type, Marginal Depression, and Marginal V-type) were derived using a hierarchical clustering procedure. Seventy subjects also completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire before and after a 3-week outpatient pain management program. Pretreatment analyses indicated the Depression/Pathological and Marginal Depression groups used diverting attention less than either V-type group. The V-type group reported using praying/hoping significantly more than either of the marginal groups. At posttreatment the Depression/Pathological group used catastrophizing significantly more than either of the marginal groups. Results of pre-post analyses indicated that the Depression/Pathological group increased their use of diverting attention, reinterpreting pain sensations, and ignoring pain sensations, while decreasing catastrophizing. The V-type group increased their use of reinterpreting pain sensations, while decreasing praying/hoping and catastrophizing. Neither of the Marginal subtypes showed significant pre-post changes in coping strategies. These results suggest that different personality types use different pain coping strategies prior to multidisciplinary treatment. Groups showing more severe psychological distress, perhaps related to an underlying personality disorder, displayed greater changes in coping strategies with treatment, but remained more dysfunctional after treatment. These findings suggest that the alteration of coping strategies may be an important treatment effect needing more individualization to maximize treatment response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship of MMPI cluster type, pain coping strategy, and treatment outcome. 138 94

Cognitive theories of psychopathology and therapy maintain that attitudes and beliefs mediate one's affective responses to life events. Anxiety and depression are thus consequences, not of an individual's circumstances, but of the distorted, irrational perspective from which these are viewed. Similarly, although less often considered, adaptive cognitions should serve as buffers against stressful life events. This proposition has received little attention, and the single study that attempted to address it directly failed to do so. The present investigation sought to reassess the buffering hypothesis. Ninety-seven subjects were evaluated as to (1) the levels of stress they had experienced in the recent past; (2) their current feelings of anxiety and depression; and (3) the extent to which they endorsed illogical, unrealistic attitudes. Dysfunctional attitudes demonstrated strong direct relations with psychological distress. Two of the several indices of life stress, total and negative scores on the Life Experiences Survey, also correlated with distress. There was no significant interaction between the attitude and stress measures. Cognitions, at least on the functional-dysfunctional dimension, did not moderate the impact of life events. Rather, both attitudes and life stresses were strong independent variables that, in additive fashion, provided considerable power for predicting distress.
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PMID:Stress, anxiety, and cognitive buffering. 139 17

The relationship between risk factors and psychological distress was examined in 161 Vietnamese Amerasian youth. Background factors such as a history of missing school, frequent hospitalizations, and previous refugee camp experience distinguished those with higher levels of anxiety and depression. This study provides support for attempts to link specific risk factors with increased levels of psychological distress in immigrant populations. Confirmation of the predictive power of these risk factors awaits completion of a longitudinal study following the Ameriasians as they resettle in the United States.
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PMID:A risk profile predicting psychological distress in Vietnamese Amerasian youth. 140 Jan 25

This paper reviews literature on the mental health effects of involuntary job loss among women. In addition, a prospective study of the effects of job loss on psychological distress in a cohort of blue-collar women is described. A total of 141 women, of whom 73 were laid off during the 12-month study period, were examined. The occurrence and duration of lay-off was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms, but not anxiety-related symptoms, even after effects of pre-lay-off psychological symptoms, social supports and occupational stress were considered. There was no evidence that these effects of lay-off were moderated by other characteristics measured prior to lay-off. Among women who were laid off, those who reported poor levels of support from their husband or partner in the immediate aftermath of lay-off and those experiencing more financial difficulties during the lay-off had higher depression levels at follow-up. The nature of the lay-off as a chronic psychosocial stressor is discussed.
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PMID:Mental health effects of job loss in women. 141 99

Nurses working in primary health care settings often care for large numbers of clients in brief periods of time. Both clients and nurses express frustration toward the care provided in these circumstances. Development of a screening tool to identify high-risk clients could assist nurses in targeting interventions to these individuals; in turn, this has the potential for increasing nurse and client satisfaction. A general procedure for identifying persons at risk in primary health care settings is described. The procedure is illustrated with a specific population of clients--incarcerated women. Factors found important in assessing risk were social characteristics such as education, situational factors such as sentence length, and indicators of psychological distress such as depression. These broad categories may serve as a basis for the development of screening tools for a variety of populations.
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PMID:Determining risk status in a primary care setting. 141 59

This study examined the impact of chronic industrial noise exposure on psychological distress symptoms, accident involvement and sickness absence among male and female workers. It also examined whether workers expressing high noise annoyance were more adversely affected by it. Subjects were blue-collar workers, 1,680 males and 688 females, who participated in the Cordis Study. Noise exposure levels were: low [< 75 dB(A)], moderate [75-84 dB(A)], and high [> or = 85 dB(A)]. For males, noise exposure level affected job dissatisfaction and post-work irritability, while for females it also intensified somatic complaints, anxiety and depression. All the distress symptoms were higher for females. Further analysis showed that the significant increase of symptoms with noise exposure level was only for workers reporting high annoyance. Higher noise exposure levels were associated with increased accidents and sickness absence for both sexes. Noise-annoyed males had a significantly higher percentage of accidents when exposed to moderate noise levels and a marked increase in sick leave at high noise levels. Finally, the nonauditory effects studied here were already prevalent at moderate noise exposure levels, especially among noise-annoyed workers. This indicates the importance of reducing even moderately high levels of industrial noise not usually considered harmful to hearing.
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PMID:Noise exposure, noise annoyance and their relation to psychological distress, accident and sickness absence among blue-collar workers--the Cordis Study. 142 22


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