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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The EEG findings in 25 children with moyamoya disease were studied. Characteristic findings such as posterior slow, centrotemporal slow (CT slow), "rebuildup" after the end of hyperventilation, and sleep spindle depression were observed. Posterior slow activity was mainly observed in the EEGs examined within a short period (mean, 10 months) after onset, CI slow activity after a longer period (mean,, 28 months), and a diffuse low-voltage pattern after these periods (mean, 56 months). Buildup after the end of hyperventilation, which we refer to as "rebuildup," was discovered in more than half of the cases.
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PMID:Electroencephalographic findings in children with moyamoya disease. 42 May 96

In order to study the potential use of ultrasound as a noninvasive system for altering corneal curvature, we used high-density focused ultrasound at a frequency of 4.8 MHz and 7.9 MHz to produce corneal lesions in the rabbit eye. Intensity and duration threshold exposure conditions were determined for the production of minimally visible lesions. Threshold lesions were initially apparent as discrete white opacities resulting from stromal edema and disruption. Light and scanning electron microscopy of higher-energy, suprathreshold lesions revealed more extensive disruption, including the formation of a superficial stromal depression and a larger zone of edema and disorganization surrounding each lesion. Posterior stromal lamellae, endothelium, and Descemet's membrane were intact. Healing and reepithelialization resulted in a smooth corneal surface with no residual opacification. Threshold determinations predict safe exposure levels to the cornea during insonification of other ocular structures. Selective heating of the peripheral cornea using focused ultrasound may be a useful technique for correcting astigmatism.
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PMID:Production of corneal lesions using high-intensity focused ultrasound. 207 61

Fourteen mongrel dogs were anesthetized and instrumented to measure arterial pressure (AP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), aortic blood flow, and heart rate (HR). Hydraulic occluders were placed around the left anterior descending (LAD, n = 9) and left circumflex (LCC, n = 14) coronary arteries. A bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) was made before and during either anterior (LAD occlusion) or posterior (LCC occlusion) ischemia. Posterior ischemia significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the BCO-induced increases in mean AP (by 44.3 +/- 7.3%), systolic LVP (by 65.5 +/- 6.9%), first derivative of LVP (dLVP/dt, by 95.7 +/- 44.3%), and aortic resistance (by 117.7 +/- 26.9%). In contrast, anterior ischemia failed to alter significantly the hemodynamic response to BCO. Bilateral vagotomy attenuated or eliminated many of the effects of posterior ischemia on the BCO response. In fact, the change in aortic resistance was no longer affected by the ischemia and increased to the same extent, as noted during the control BCO. However, mean AP (38.7 +/- 6.8%), systolic LVP (40.3 +/- 8.7%), and dLVP/dt (62.4 +/- 11.0%) remained significantly reduced when compared with the control (no coronary occlusion) response. These data suggest that 1) posterior ischemia elicits a greater reduction in the BCO response than anterior ischemia, and 2) vagal afferents as well as depression of contractile function may both contribute to the BCO response inhibition noted during posterior ischemia.
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PMID:Effect of myocardial ischemia on hemodynamic response to carotid occlusion. 292 33

Despite numerous studies, the significance of precordial ST-segment depression in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. No clinical studies have used 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography to compare AMI location in patients with or without so-called reciprocal ST changes. Therefore, the clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic features of 22 patients with their first transmural inferior AMI were prospectively examined. During the first day of AMI an echocardiographic mapping of the area of necrosis was obtained using all conventional views and a ventricular segmentation related to anatomic landmarks. Patients were categorized according to the presence (group I, n = 13) or absence (group II, n = 9) of precordial ST-segment depression, defined as more than 1 mm, measured 80 ms after the J point in at least 2 of the leads V1 to V4. Basal posterolateral akinesia was observed in 11 of the 13 patients in group I and in no patient in group II (p less than 0.001). Posterior right ventricular free wall akinesia was more frequent in group II (p less than 0.02). There was no difference in the prevalence of significant left anterior descending artery (LAD) narrowing (group I, 4 patients; group II, 3 patients). Posterolateral involvement should be strongly considered in the presence of precordial ST-segment depression in association with transmural inferior AMI.
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PMID:Significance of precordial ST-segment depression in inferior acute myocardial infarction as determined by echocardiography. 394 81

Ouabain, tetrodotoxin, and calcium selective ionophore (A23187) were administered bilaterally into the hypothalamus of the unrestrained, fully conscious cat, while body temperature and other indicators of thermoregulatory responses were monitored continuously. Posterior hypothalamic microinjection of 2.0 to 10.0 ng or tissue perfusion with 1.1 X 10(-7) to 1.1 X 10(-8) M ouabain elicited dose dependent increases in body temperature accompanied by pinnae vasoconstriction, shivering and postural changes consistent with heat conservation. Tetrodotoxin, microinjected in doses of 0.5 and 5.0 ng or tissue perfusions with 7.8 X 10(-9) to 7.8 X 10(-7) M in the posterior hypothalamus elicited dose dependent falls in body temperature. However, tetrodotoxin microinjected into the anterior hypothalamic region elicited only increases in temperature. The calcium selective ionophore, A23187, at least at the concentrations used in this study, did not appear to produce any consistent effects on thermoregulation. These data support the hypothesis that the ionic milieu of the posterior hypothalamic region is essential in the maintenance of body temperature. Further, they suggest that increasing the [Ca++]/[Na+] acts in a manner similar to a depression in the firing frequency of a distinct population of cells, which may in turn determine in some way the "set-point" for body temperature. There is no evidence to support the concept that increasing the [Ca++]/[Na+] causes an increased release of the synaptic contents of the region.
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PMID:Alterations in body temperature elicited by intrahypothalamic administration of tetrodotoxin, ouabain and A23187 ionophore in the conscious cat. 624 80

A single breath of 100% CO2 produces depression of the monosynaptic reflexes, recorded from L7 or S1 ventral root, after stimulation of the Posterior Biceps and Semitendinosus nerve (PBST) in anaesthetised cats. As the depression could not be attributed to the J-reflex(1), the possible site of action of the CO2 induced depression of monosynaptic reflexes was worked out. PBST nerve threshold did not change after CO2 introduction and the depression persisted in paralysed cats under controlled ventilation, thus eliminating the possibility of movement effect of the spinal cord due to tachypnoea. Spinal cord sections at the level of L1 and C1 abolished the depression, whereas the depression persisted in the decerebrate preparation. Thus it is concluded that a single-breath of 100% CO2 depresses the monosynaptic reflexes at the supraspinal level. Blood gas tensions (PO2 and pCO2) measured before and after CO2 introduction showed a shortlasting increase in pCO2 and not much significant change in pO2 compared to the long lasting depression of monosynaptic reflexes.
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PMID:Effects and site of action of a single-breath of 100% CO2 on the monosynaptic reflexes in cats. 679 71

We quantitated hemorrhage associated with reperfusion after varying periods of myocardial ischemia and examined the flow characteristics that accompany reperfusion hemorrhage. Anesthetized dogs were reperfused after 2, 6 or 24 hours of circumflex occlusion. A control group underwent coronary occlusion without reperfusion. Radioactive microspheres were injected before and 5 minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion. The papillary muscles were analyzed for hemoglobin content, flow during myocardial ischemia and flow early and 24 hours after reperfusion. Myocardial creatine kinase activity was assayed to determine the severity of myocardial necrosis in the papillary muscles. Hemorrhage into the posterior papillary muscle was dependent upon the duration of coronary artery occlusion. Posterior papillary hemoglobin averaged 14 mg/g in the 2-hour group, 28 mg/g in the 6-hour group and 36 mg/g in the group reperfused 24 hours after occlusion, compared with 8.7 mg/g in the control group. Myocardial hemorrhage was associated with severe depression in myocardial CK and marked depression in flow to the ischemic area (i.e., collateral flow) during the occlusion. Early reflow averaged 112 ml/min/100 g in the 2-hour group, 61 ml/min/100 g in the 6-hour group and only 5.8 ml/min/100 g in the 24-hour group. Therefore, myocardial hemorrhage induced by reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium is associated with severe ischemia during occlusion and severe myocardial necrosis, but does not depend upon the magnitude of early reflow. Myocardial hemorrhage may occur even though initial reflow values are markedly decreased.
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PMID:The time course and characterization of myocardial hemorrhage after coronary reperfusion in the anesthetized dog. 683 66

Macrophages are invariably present in the intraocular membranes of patients with traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). There are two sources from which these macrophages could be recruited: adjacent tissues and the systemic circulation. In the study described herein, the role of circulating white blood cells and monocytes in experimental, traumatic PVR was studied. The circulating white blood cells of 20 rabbits were depleted by intravenous injection of strontium-89. Posterior perforating eye injury with subsequent intravitreal injection of autologous whole blood or autologous activated macrophages was then performed on these leukopenic animals. The experiments demonstrated that severe bone marrow depression reduced significantly the incidence of retinal detachments in eyes receiving whole blood, and reduced the severity of retinal detachments in eyes injected with activated macrophages. An association between the degree of leukopenia, monocytopenia, and protection from retinal detachment was demonstrated. These results support the hypothesis that macrophage infiltration is an important component of intraocular cellular proliferation, but does not exclude the role of other types of white blood cells in the pathogenesis of PVR.
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PMID:Effect of leukopenia on experimental post-traumatic retinal detachment. 815 20

In a preliminary study of 35 patients that had undergone cataract extraction surgery, we compared the visualization of the retinal periphery according to the intraocular lens optic diameter (5, 6, and 7 mm). In all cases, we performed extra-capsular cataract extractions, with a capsulorhexis, and a Posterior Chamber lens. Indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression, and Goldmann lens biomicroscopy were used to visualize the fundus. We found the smaller the optic diameter was, the better the visualization of the peripheral retina was. Indeed there was a wider space between the optic ridge of the lens and the iris. There was also a better transparency of the peripheral capsular bag.
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PMID:[Retinal periphery and diameter of the optic implants in the posterior chamber (5, 6, 7 mm)]. 816 10

Tibial plateau fractures with depression of posterior aspects of the proximal tibia cause significant therapeutic problems. Posterior fractures on the medial side are mainly highly instable fracture-dislocations (Moore type I). Posterolateral fractures usually cause massive depression and destruction of the chondral surface. Surgical exposure of these fractures from anterior requires major soft tissue dissection and has a significant complication rate. However, incomplete restoration of the joint surface results in chronic postero-inferior joint subluxation, osteoarthritis and pain. We present new specific approaches for posterior fracture types avoiding large skin incisions, but allowing for atraumatic exposure, reduction and fixation. Posteromedial fracture-dislocations are exposed by a direct posteromedial skin incision and a deep incision between medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament. The posteromedial pillar and the posterior flare of the proximal tibia are visualized. The inferior extent of the joint fragment can be reduced by indirect techniques or direct manipulation of the fragment. Fixation is achieved with subchondral lag screws and an anti-glide plate at the tip of the fragment. Posterolateral fractures are exposed by a transfibular approach: the skin is incised laterally, the peroneal nerve is dissected free. The fibula neck is osteotomized, the tibiofibular syndesmosis is divided and the fibula neck is reflected upwards in one layer with the meniscotibial ligament and the iliotibial tract attachment. Reflexion of the fibula head relaxes the lateral collateral ligament, allows for lateral joint opening and internal rotation of the tibia and thus exposes the posterolateral and posterior aspect of the tibial plateau. Fixation and buttressing on the posterolateral side can be achieved easily with this approach. In closure, the fibula head is fixed back with a lag screw or a tension-band system. These two exposures can be combined in bicondylar posterior fracture situations. 168 cases with tibial plateau fractures had ORIF in the authors' institution from 1988 to 1994. 26 of these patients had a total of 29 posterior exposures to treat their fractures (9 posteromedial, 12 posterolateral, 3 combined posteromedial/posterolateral and 2 posterior/anterior exposures). No specific complications occurred related to these exposures, i.e. no skin slough, no infection, no nerve palsy. The mean duration of follow-up was 4 years. Twenty-one cases healed uneventfully: 12 were excellent in Rasmussen's clinical score, 8 were good and 1 was fair. Seven patients were excellent in the radiological score, 13 good and 1 fair. Five of the 26 cases had revision surgery: 3 patients developed valgus or retrocurvatum deformity and were successfully treated by an osteotomy. They obtained a good result at follow-up. Two fractures in elderly patients were revised to an endoprosthesis.
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PMID:[Particular posteromedial and posterolateral approaches for the treatment of tibial head fractures]. 949 42


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