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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined associations between childhood abuse and personality disturbances in 228 drug-dependent women. Thirty-six percent denied abuse, 50% reported emotional, 42% physical, and 42% sexual abuse. Million Clinical Multiarial Inventory (MCMI-III) scores > 74 provided evidence of personality disturbance and scores on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales measuring somatic complaints, depression, anxiety and postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) served as covariates. Emotional and physical abuse survivors were at increased risk for borderline, masochistic, and avoidant disturbances and decreased risk for narcissistic disturbances. Emotional abuse survivors were also less likely to be sadistic whereas physical abuse survivors were more likely to be paranoid. Sexual abuse survivors were twice as likely be antisocial; however, no association was found with borderline personality. Finally, an increased prevalence of severe personality disturbances was observed among those experiencing multiple types of abuse. Childhood trauma predisposes drug-dependent women to develop troublesome personality characteristics that are independent of drug addiction and other psychological problems associated with childhood trauma.
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PMID:Personality disturbances in drug-dependent women: relationship to childhood abuse. 1523 76

The objectives of this study were to document the extent and the correlates of common physical health symptoms in women two months after childbirth. Of special interest was determining whether violence and depression histories increase the risk for experiencing these symptoms. Participants were recruited in six Toronto-area hospitals and were interviewed by telephone 8-10 weeks later. Two hundred of the 332 (60.2%) women who were approached completed the study. Most women (96%) reported at least one physical health symptom 2 months postnatally (Mean = 3.4, SD = 2.0). Stepwise logistic regression was conducted for each outcome. Antenatal depression was a significant predictor of excessive fatigue and bad headaches. Sick leave during pregnancy predicted postpartum backaches. Adult emotional abuse and household income were associated with bowel problems. Episiotomy, maternal complications, and planned pregnancy predicted perineal pain. Finally, being Canadian born and having an assisted vaginal delivery increased the risk for hemorrhoids while cesarean section decreased the risk. A high prevalence of physical symptoms was found in women after childbirth. History of depression and violence were implicated in the occurrence of some of these symptoms. Other important predictors included demographic, maternal, and delivery-related factors.
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PMID:Predictors of women's physical health problems after childbirth. 1605 May 37

In this study factors associated with past suicide attempts in female inmates were examined. Female inmate participants (N = 105) were given structured diagnostic assessments of antisocial and borderline personality disorders and substance dependence, as well as measures of depression, hopelessness, problem-focused coping styles, and reasons for living. There was a high lifetime prevalence of past suicide attempts (38.1%). Suicide attempts were positively associated with personality disorders, hopelessness, depression, childhood physical/emotional abuse, and family history of suicide and mood disorders, and negatively associated with income, reasons for living, and problem-focused coping. Controlling for hopelessness, borderline personality disorder and family history of suicide attempts were the only variables that remained uniquely associated with suicide attempts.
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PMID:Factors associated with suicide attempts in female inmates: the hegemony of hopelessness. 1626 65

Because of a rise in postpartum depression (PPD), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recently indicated a need for more studies of possible risk factors for PPD. PPD can continue for months or years after birth and has consequences for the family as a whole. Past research has not investigated the relationships between abuse, whether physical, sexual, or emotional, and PPD. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the prevalence of PPD among abused and non-abused women during the first 4 months after birth. Although 89 women initially enrolled in the study, only 50 participants completed the 1-week data collection. Of these 50, 30% reported previous or current physical or sexual abuse. Of these 50 participants, 22 dropped out during the 4-month-long study, resulting in a final sample size of 28. Abused women were significantly more depressed at 1 week and 2 and 3 months postpartum than the non-abused group until their depression scores at entry into the study and 1 week were statistically controlled. An unexpected finding was the prevalence of depression at 1 week after birth, indicative of unresolved prenatal depression, "baby blues," or true PPD. In addition, emotional abuse was reported by both groups and was significantly higher for the previously abused women. Although sample size and high attrition limit generalization, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of PPD between the two groups. Future research should explore the relationships between abuse and depression with larger samples and include pregnant subjects.
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PMID:A comparative study of postpartum depression in abused and non-abused women. 1630 28

Childhood maltreatment has been linked to adult depressive disorders. However, few studies have examined mechanisms through which childhood maltreatment may contribute to adult depression. Thus, we examined the role of one potential mechanism of this relationship, maladaptive cognitions, in a recently traumatized sample. Participants were adult women who had been recently raped (n = 133) or physically assaulted (n = 73). We examined whether maladaptive self-and other-cognitions mediated relationships between childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and current depression. Relationships between childhood sexual abuse and both current depression symptoms and diagnosis were mediated by maladaptive cognitions about self. Relationships between both childhood sexual abuse and childhood physical abuse and adult depressive symptoms were mediated by maladaptive cognitions about others.
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PMID:Cognitive mediation of childhood maltreatment and adult depression in recent crime victims. 1646 22

Both childhood trauma (CT) and genetic factors contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. We studied the relationship of CT to age of onset (AO) of depression, personality traits, and expression of symptom dimensions in 324 adults with recurrent unipolar depression. Subjects received structured psychiatric interviews and completed CT, depressive symptom, and personality rating questionnaires. Experience of at least one type of trauma was reported by 79.9% of subjects, and the most common forms of trauma were physical neglect, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect. There was an earlier AO of depression in the groups that reported CT compared to those that reported none, with earliest AO occurring in those who had experienced the highest levels of CT. There were no significant correlations between overall CT scores and neuroticism or extraversion. Total CT was a significant (P=.008) predictor of the Mood symptom dimension, mostly accounted for by emotional abuse (P=.019), and physical neglect predicted the Anxiety symptom dimension (P=.002). All types of CT are commonly reported in individuals with depression, and emotional abuse and physical neglect, though previously less well identified, appear to have an important role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. The effect of CT on individuals with an underlying genetic vulnerability to depression may result in differences in depressive phenotype characterized by earlier AO of depression and the expression of specific depressive symptom dimensions.
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PMID:Interrelationship of childhood trauma, neuroticism, and depressive phenotype. 1690 Apr 62

Early life stress (ELS) has been linked to adult psychopathology, though few studies have examined the universality of specific adverse childhood events (ACEs) in healthy adults. We examined the co-occurrence of specific ACEs and their relationship to current emotional distress in an international sample of adults without psychopathology. Participants were 1659 men and women recruited for an international neurocognitive-neuroimaging database from sites in the United States, Australia, England, and the Netherlands. Participants had no current or prior diagnosis of major depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or neurological brain disorder. The occurrence and age on onset of 19 ACEs was assessed by a self-report questionnaire (ELSQ), and current symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The relationship of specific ACEs to DASS symptoms was examined. Participants reported relatively high prevalence of ACEs. Only 27.6% of the sample reported no ACEs, while 39.5% reported one or two significant experiences and 32.9% reported more than two ACEs. Rates of most ACEs were quite similar across the three continents. Various ACEs were significantly associated with current DASS severity, particularly ACEs involving emotional abuse, neglect, and family conflict, violence, and breakup. Finding nearly one-third of the sample reported three or more ACEs suggest a high prevalence of ELS in otherwise healthy "normal" adults around the world. Associations between ELS and current emotional distress suggest that these events have functional relevance and deserve further investigation.
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PMID:Early life stress and adult emotional experience: an international perspective. 1692 77

This study examined how being abused by a current partner versus an ex-partner might affect psychological well-being and social support in a community sample of 398 women, half of whom had experienced abuse in the past 6 months. The impact of emotional and physical abuse was influenced by partner status, with emotional abuse being more detrimental to women abused by current partners and physical abuse being more detrimental to women abused by ex-partners. Emotional support was negatively related to depression in women abused by current partners, whereas practical support was negatively related to depression in women abused by ex-partners. The implications for interventions with abused women are discussed.
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PMID:Abusive partners and ex-partners: understanding the effects of relationship to the abuser on women's well-being. 1695 75

Although a number of theorists have hypothesized a link between negative experiences during childhood (e.g., abuse) and the presence of psychopathology in adults, little is known about the relative specificity of childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse to different forms of psychopathology. In this study, we hypothesized that adult psychiatric outpatients' reports of childhood emotional abuse would exhibit a specific relationship with diagnoses of depression. Analyses partially supported our hypothesis. Specifically, diagnoses of major depression were significantly more strongly related to reports of childhood emotional abuse than to physical or sexual abuse. However, the same effect was observed for social phobia. In addition, patients with major depression reported equivalent levels of childhood emotional abuse as patients with social phobia, but lower levels of emotional abuse than those with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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PMID:Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders in adult psychiatric outpatients. 1704 33

Although general population studies have reported that childhood trauma predisposes individuals to suicidal behavior, there have been few clinical studies in depressed patients. A series of 108 patients with unipolar depression were evaluated for their suicide attempt history and completed the 34-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Patients were also interviewed with the Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGLHA) scale. Out of 108 patients with depression, 47 (43.5%) had attempted suicide. Significantly more of the depressed patients who had attempted suicide were female, single, and unemployed. Patients who had attempted suicide had significantly higher total CTQ scores and higher CTQ scores for emotional abuse and emotional neglect, as well as higher BGLHA scores. Logistic regression identified being female, being unemployed, having undergone childhood emotional neglect, and high BGLHA scores as significantly associated with making a suicide attempt. Suicidal behavior in unipolar depression appears to be a multidetermined act, with sociodemographic, developmental, and personality determinants.
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PMID:Childhood trauma and suicide attempts in patients with unipolar depression. 1704 41


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