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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Statistics are seldom recorded on the incidence of HIV-related verbal or physical abuse. The New York Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project (AVP), and San Francisco's Community United Against Violence are the only known programs to recognize and collect data on HIV-related violence. Psychological abuse, physical battery, harassment, and rape are all signs of domestic violence. Reluctance to report bias crimes is thought to stem from fear of discrimination and further violence. In addition, some community members are concerned that partner notification laws may foster more household violence, or discourage people from being tested. The repercussions of violence against people with HIV is evident, often resulting in depression, lack of sleep, and non-adherence to medication. Those victimized by violent situations can seek assistance in New York from AVP, which provides resources, counseling, legal aid and advocacy for victims. AVP also provides guidance and support through the process of criminal prosecution, and formulating a safety plan. A list of organizations that can assist victims of violence is provided, which includes contact information for each.
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PMID:HIV-related violence. 1136 76

This study suggests that negative life events may have long-term consequences for people's well-being. A community sample of 194 elderly people was interviewed by means of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Negative Life Events Questionnaire. Depressed mood at old age was related to the reporting of negative socio-economic circumstances as well as emotional abuse and neglect during childhood, and to the reporting of negative socio-economic circumstances, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect, relational stress and problem behaviour of significant others during (late) adulthood. Depression scores were especially high when subjects reported the experience of many events during adulthood and late adulthood. On top of this, the interaction effect between the number of negative life events experienced in childhood and adulthood indicated that there was a much stronger association between the number of negative life events experienced in adulthood and depressive symptoms in late life, for those who experienced more negative life events in childhood, than for those who did not. It is suggested that incorporating life histories into the diagnostic interview is advisable.
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PMID:Negative life events and depressive symptoms in the elderly: a life span perspective. 1151 18

Women generally seek and use more health care services than do men. Women are also more likely to encounter financial and non-financial barriers to care than do their male counterparts. These differences are accentuated among low income and minority women. We examined health care utilization patterns among women on O'ahu using survey data, and compared those patterns among Native Hawaiian and other ethnic groups. We also provide prevalence rates for several critical women's health issues by ethnic group and explore demographic predictors for health care utilization. Although the vast majority of women have seen health care providers in the last year, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities were identified, especially with respect to our Native Hawaiian female population. A pattern for Native Hawaiian women reveals among the highest rates of depression, as well as sexual/physical/emotional abuse. Alarmingly, Native Hawaiian women are also less likely to have seen a provider in the last year, less likely to have insurance coverage, and more likely to visit emergency departments. Differences by provider type served to reinforce these disparities. In order to reduce barriers to health care utilization for Native Hawaiian women--and for all women in Hawai'i--we recommend universal insurance coverage that includes screening and counseling services. Additionally, training for health care providers is essential in order to improve culturally competent, psychological assessments of health issues for women, particularly Native Hawaiian women.
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PMID:Health care utilization among women on O'ahu: implications for Native Hawaiian women. 1218 May 6

This article features a critical review of accumulated research and conceptual issues regarding Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS). BWS is recognized as important in providing legal defense to victims and as basis for diagnosis and treatment. However, there has been confusion as to the definition of BWS such as the use of violence committed against the woman as the defining characteristic. The study introduced by Walker demonstrated cycle of violence and learned helplessness to battered women. In addition, studies found out that BWS, manifested in a form of depression, low self-esteem, anxiety, physical symptoms, is evident in some abused women putting them at risk of suicide and homicide. Symptoms attributed to battering may also be a result of stress from a troubled relationship. The Learned Helplessness and Grief Theory (Campbell, 1989) explains the depression in battered women. Moreover, researchers are in disagreement of the factors that affect the level of trauma such as frequency of abuse, educational status and severity of sexual and emotional abuse. The issue on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and learned helplessness in BWS remained unresolved. Some researchers view battered women in the context of "survivors rather than victims". Furthermore, studies prove that battered women may experience stages of abuse where the manifestations of BWS are part of the steps to conflict resolution. Basing on these descriptions and findings, it is made clear that not all battered women experience BWS.
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PMID:Battered woman syndrome: a critical review. 1234 58

A new retrospective interview assessment of childhood psychological abuse, an extension to the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) instrument, is described in a companion article (Moran, Bifulco, Ball, Jacobs, & Benaim, 2002). The purpose of the present article is to examine the relationship of childhood psychological abuse to other adverse childhood experiences and to major depression and suicidal behavior in adult life. Childhood experience and lifetime disorder were assessed retrospectively in a high-risk, community series of London women (n = 204). Psychological abuse from parents was examined in relation to seven other parental behaviors (neglect, antipathy, role reversal, discipline, supervision, physical abuse, and sexual abuse). Psychological abuse was significantly related to all seven behaviors. The highest associations found were to antipathy (gamma = .76), neglect (.73), and sexual abuse (.72). Factor analysis showed the existence of two factors reflecting care and control, with psychological abuse associated with both factors. Childhood psychological abuse was highly related to chronic or recurrent adult depression, with a "dose-response" evident for severity of abuse. The rates ranged from 83% for "marked" to 55% for "mild" abuse and 37% for "little/no" psychological abuse (p < .002). Psychological abuse was also related to lifetime suicidal behavior but here any level of abuse from marked to mild had similar rates (36% overall vs. 18% with no psychological abuse, p < .04). There was no evidence of specificity of childhood experience to adult depression; nearly all types of childhood adversity examined were significantly related. An analysis using an index of multiple abuse, including psychological abuse, showed a clear dose-response relationship to disorder. Somewhat fewer forms of maltreatment were related to suicidal behavior, but again multiples showed a clear dose-response effect.
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PMID:Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression. 1244 29

The same factors in the family are described as risk factors for the suicidal behavior of adolescents by some authors and as risk factors for the development of depression by others. The goal of the study is to learn, if incomplete family, parental alcohol abuse, mentally ill member of the family, suicidal behavior in the family, sexual, physical or emotional abuse experienced in the family are directly related with the suicidal attempts of adolescent girls or relates to it just by causing depression. The results of the study suggest that 57.4% of the female adolescent suicide attempters and 9.3% of their non-suicidal peers in the comparison group were diagnosed clinical depression. Incomplete family, parental alcohol abuse, suicidal behavior in the family, sexual, physical or emotional abuse experienced in the family were statistically more frequent among the depressed and not depressed suicide attempters than among their non-suicidal peers. This allows the conclusion, that these risk factors in the family have a relationship with the suicide attempts of adolescent girls independently from clinical depression and require attention of the specialists, involved in the treatment and prevention of adolescents suicidal behavior.
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PMID:[Relationship between the suicidal attempts of adolescent girls and risk factors in the family]. 1247 86

Chronic pelvic pain is difficult to diagnose and to treat [81] because of the multiple and often overlapping causes [82]. A systematic approach aids in the thorough evaluation and appropriate therapy. At the initial visit(s), a thorough history should be taken and complete physical examination performed. Screening for co-existing conditions, such as depression, narcotic dependency, and physical, sexual, or emotional abuse is crucial so these issues may be addressed immediately while additional causes for pelvic pain are evaluated. The relative likelihood of gastrointestinal, urologic, musculoskeletal, or gynecologic etiology must be considered to guide a more thorough initial evaluation. With gynecologic chronic pelvic pain, differentiation between hormonally responsive and nonresponsive conditions is helpful for diagnosis and treatment. Therapy can then be instituted or an appropriate referral made.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of chronic pelvic pain. 1247 27

This study examined differences in contextual factors, substance use, sexual risk behaviors, and comorbid histories between African-American, out-of-treatment, crack-abusing women who had either a single sexual partner or multiple partners. Bivariate analysis indicated that women with multiple partners were more likely than women with a single partner to be homeless, financially dependent, and to have histories of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. Women with multiple partners reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and more symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In multiple logistic regression analysis, being unemployed, difficult childhood, and number of days of crack use in the previous 30 days, longer crack runs, and more frequent unprotected fellatio were associated with increased odds of having multiple sexual partners. Being married or living as married was associated with decreased odds of having multiple sexual partners. The importance of assessing contextual and historical factors and implications for future research is discussed.
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PMID:Contextual factors and other correlates of sexual risk of HIV among African-American crack-abusing women. 1262 24

Intractable nausea and vomiting have been described in individuals without any underlying physical etiology explaining these complaints. Physical or emotional abuse has been described in individuals suffering from these symptoms and associated with somatoform disorders manifesting primarily as gastrointestinal complaints. We present five patients with long-standing Type 1 diabetes who suffered from intractable vomiting. Personality disorders, profound depression and emotional abuse dramatically influenced the course of these patients' illness. In most of the patients, physical symptoms remarkably improved after identification and removal of the triggering factors. Therefore, psychogenic vomiting must be considered among the differential diagnoses of intractable nausea and vomiting, especially in individuals with chronic illnesses. A careful search for a physical etiology and medical treatment that does not cause relief of symptoms should suggest that there is almost certainly a psychological issue at the root of the problem.
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PMID:Intractable vomiting in diabetic patients. 1273 99

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to cluster women who experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) according to their shared patterns of CSA characteristics and (b) to examine differences across clusters on measures of other childhood abuse and adult health. Seven CSA characteristic variables were used for cluster analysis. The seven-cluster solution that emerged ranged from a noncontact extrafamilial CSA cluster that occurred without force only once to the most severe clusters in which penetration by an intrafamilial or extrafamilial abuser occurred multiple times with force. Significant differences among clusters were found for childhood emotional abuse and physical abuse, adult physical and psychosocial symptomatology, and depression. There were no significant differences for health care utilization. The results promote further understanding of which victims of CSA are more likely to have experienced other forms of childhood abuse and which victims are more at risk for poor health in adulthood.
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PMID:Patterns of childhood sexual abuse characteristics and their relationships to other childhood abuse and adult health. 1503 81


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