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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of premature atrial depolarizations (PADs) on the sinus node function were studied in isolated rabbit atria by using simultaneous intracellular recordings in the sinus node and adjacent regions. Late PADs (test cycle 85% or more of the basic cycle) did not capture the sinus node, blocking somewhere between this structure and the crista terminalis, inducing however a shortening of action potential, an increased rate of rise (Vmax) and amplitude of phase 0, and a variable depression of phase 4 depolarization on sinus node fibres. These effects were attributed to electrotonic interactions. Earlier PADs (test cycle 45--85% of the basic cycle) penetrated and captured the sinus node, changing its action potential shape, depending on the prematurity of the response. Two major effects were demonstrated: 1) a reduction in the maximum diastolic potential; 2) a linearly-related (p less than 0.001) decrease of the slope of phase 4 depolarization. These effects resulted in a depression of sinus node automaticity that was inversely-related to the test cycle length. Dominant pacemaker shifts within the sinus node were frequently observed with early as well as with late PADs resulting in a change of the basic cycle by as much as 90 msec. It is concluded that the use of the technique of premature atrial stimulation may not permit precise evaluation of sinoatrial conduction time.
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PMID:Effects of atrial premature stimulation on sinus node function in isolated rabbit atria. 74 26

During the period January 1969 to November 1974, in a total of 39,800 deliveries, there were two sets of quadruplets. Both parturients had been taking ovulation-inducing drugs. Maternal problems were distended abdomen and heavy uterus, causing supine hypotension and lordosis; toxemia of pregnancy; increased possibility of hemorrhage before, during and/or after delivery; edema of the back; mental depression. The fetal problems were prematurity; intrauterine growth retardation; increased possibility of transfusion syndrome and prolapsed cord; increased obstetric manipulation. An adequate number of obstetricians, pediatricians, anesthesiologists, and nurses, necessary equipment, and blood and blood components should be available. Early hospitalization is necessary. Close observation of the patient before, during, and after delivery is essential. The patient should stay on her side throughout the labor. General anesthesia may add to fetal depression and increase the possibility of uterine atony. Spinal or lumbar epidural anesthesia may be difficult because of the associated lordosis and back edema. Caudal block allowed intrauterine manipulation; provided adequate analgesia, permitted high FIO2 administration, and did not interfere with voluntary bearing down when required.
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PMID:Caudal analgesia for quadruplet delivery. 94 32

Urinary biogenic amines were measured in 22 preterm infants of less than 36 weeks' gestational age. Fifteen of these infants had idiopathic apnea. Although levels of urinary dopa were not significantly different, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine were all significantly lower in the infants with apena. It is proposed that apnea of prematurity may be related to an immaturity of catecholamine-producing pathways, leading to inadequate physiologic responses to hypoxia, with resulting accentuation of central respiratory depression. Alternatively, urinary biogenic amines may be a reflection of some unrelated process occurring elsewhere in the body or a depletion of catechol stores resulting from the apnea itself.
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PMID:Urinary biogenic amines in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. 127 Nov 69

The neonatal outcomes in 109 pregnancies complicated by prolonged rupture of the fetal membranes were studied over a 3-year period. The overall neonatal mortality was 29 (26.6%). Nineteen of these deaths were from infections, of which 12 were pneumonia. There was also a high morbidity rate of 68.8%. Neonatal sepsis, cardiorespiratory depression at birth and prematurity were the most significant complications. Forty-eight (44%) of the infants in the study group had an infection, in contrast with three (2.9%) in the control group (p < 0.0001). No protective effect or benefit from prolonged rupture of fetal membranes in relation to the development of respiratory distress syndrome was demonstrated.
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PMID:Prolonged rupture of membranes and neonatal outcome in a developing country. 128 44

Gram-negative bacterial infections were documented in 6 neonatal New World camelids (5 Ilamas and 1 alpaca). The organisms isolated from blood before death or from multiple organs after death were Escherichia coli (n = 3), Actinobacillus sp (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Only 2 crias survived, and 1 became blind secondary to retinal detachment and ocular inflammation, which developed after treatment for bacterial infection. Abnormal events during the perinatal period (prematurity, dystocia, cesarean section, weak at birth) were reported in all 6 crias. Signs of depression, convulsions, and/or coma were observed in all animals. Diarrhea and respiratory distress were also noticed in the 3 crias that died shortly after admission. Serum immunoglobulins were assessed, but without the benefit of a stall-side test specific for Ilama immunoglobulins. All crias were suspected to have poor transfer of maternal immunoglobulins. Hemograms and serum biochemical values prior to the initiation of treatment were obtained on 5 of the 6 crias. Total nucleated cells ranged from 1,400 to 23,100 cells/microliter. Four of the 5 crias has a left shift, and 2 crias had toxic neutrophils. Serum glucose concentrations, measured in 5 of 6 crias, ranged from 83 to 293 mg/dl. Serum creatinine values were high in 2 of 5 crias, 1 of which had acute tubular necrosis. Three crias with high serum electrolyte (sodium, chloride, or potassium) values subsequently died. Arterial blood gas values were assessed in 3 crias, 1 of which had respiratory alkalosis and mild hypoxemia.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacterial infection in neonatal New World camelids: six cases (1985-1991). 142 94

The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors predisposing to an obstetric fracture, and their long-term outcome. We reviewed 28 obstetric fractures treated in the County of Vaud, Switzerland, between 1976 and 1989. There were 12 fractures of long bones, 10 clavicles and 6 depressed skull fractures. The belief that obstetric fractures occur in large babies or after breech deliveries is no longer valid. The common risk factors of these fractures are obstetric maneuvers during delivery (75% of cases), especially Cesarean sections (35%), prolonged labor (33%), and prematurity (25%). Cephalic presentation (64.2% of cases) is more frequent than breech position (32.1%). Weight, size, age of gestation, age of the mother, parity, gestity, and time of delivery cannot be considered as risk factors for obstetric fractures. For each type of fracture some specific risk factors are pointed out: maneuvers at birth for depressed skull fracture, Cesarean section, breech delivery with assistance and low birth weight for the fractures of long bones. All fractures were treated conservatively, except for skull fractures with a depression of more than 2 cm. Early consolidation is achieved within 2 weeks. Long-term prognosis for obstetric fractures is good without sequelae.
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PMID:Obstetric fractures. 149 9

Aspects of the morbidity, growth, and psychopathology were studied in 186 children living in the barrio of La Coma, a marginal urban zone of Valencia. The children were compared with 100 controls randomly selected at the emergency room of the La Fe Children's Hospital. The barrio of La Coma contained around 5000 low income and disadvantaged residents. 46% of the population was under 16 and 20% were gypsies. Parents or grandparents of the 186 subjects and 100 controls were interviewed in 1991. 2 groups of 55 subjects and 100 controls aged 12- 14 were formed for the study of mental health. 2 questionnaire scales measuring children's anxiety levels were used, the "State Trait Anxiety Inventory of Children" and the "Children's Anxiety Scale". The "Children's Depression" questionnaire scale was used to measure symptoms of depression, and a scale test was used to obtain personality profiles. Both groups were similar in age, sex, and birth place. The control group had a significantly higher average duration of residence in the current location, 14.46 years vs. 3.86 years. The subject children were significantly less likely to have health coverage and more likely to live in female-headed households. The average educational level of the subject children's parents was lower, they were less likely to own their homes, and they had significantly fewer consumer goods such as telephones, automobiles, and televisions. None of the control children lived in households affected by drug addiction, prostitution, delinquency, or alcoholism, but 13.2% of subject children had at least one family member with one of these conditions. Control children were significantly more likely to have received prenatal care and to be completely vaccinated. No significant differences were observed in rates of prematurity or low birth weight, initiation of breastfeeding, dental caries in children over 15 months old, incidence of respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, weight, or anxiety. Control children were significantly taller than subject children. Subject children had significantly higher rates of depression and of personality disorders and overall psychological pathology.
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PMID:[Morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology in marginal populations in suburban areas]. 163 46

The effect of severity of hypertension on fetal heart rate tracing changes and neonatal outcomes was evaluated on all patients with hypertension seen in 1980 and 1981 (666 cases, 10% of the pregnant population) in the Chicago-Lying In Hospital. The patients were grouped according to severity of hypertension, and the fetal heart rate monitoring, drugs administered, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome were analyzed. Half of the patients (326) had mild hypertension and 13% (87) had severe hypertension; the remainder (253) had moderate hypertension. There were 49% primiparous and 51% multiparous women. The diagnosis of preeclampsia was made in 76% of cases, and chronic hypertension in 19%. Only 12% of the total were premature by dates, but 47% of this group were among the severe group. Oxytocin was given to 50%, whereas delivery was spontaneous in 56% of cases, and by cesarean section in 22%. This was higher among the severe hypertension group (37%), and the prematurity rate was 47%. Nonstress testing was done in one third of cases and only nonreactivity was associated with neonatal death. Neonatal depression (Apgar score less than 6 at 5 minutes) was significantly associated with intrapartum fixed baseline and late decelerations; these were the best predictors of fetal outcome. The administration of magnesium sulfate, hydralazine, meperidine, or morphine did not predictably affect the fetal heart rate pattern. The perinatal mortality was 21% in the mild group and 36% and 138%, respectively, among moderate and severe cases of hypertension. Close antepartum and intrapartum surveillance, including proper fetal monitoring, should help to reduce risks for mother and fetus through timely intervention.
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PMID:Effects of hypertension on pregnancy monitoring and results. 222 Sep 23

An epidemiological community-based study of incident cases with non-provoked epileptic seizures, using case-referent methodology, was carried out to explore possible risk factors for epileptic seizures. 83 cases, between 17 and 74 years of age, of whom 67.4% had seizures of localized onset, were compared with 2 age- and sex-matched referents. Higher birth weight, movement disabilities, mental retardation, head trauma, brain tumor, depression, a period of unemployment during the previous 6 months and a history of epilepsy in relatives were more common in cases than in referent subjects. No difference was found in the socioeconomic factors investigated, except that the cases belonged to smaller households. Prematurity, home or hospital birth, parents' age at birth of cases or referents, febrile convulsions in relatives, various infections including meningitis and encephalitis, cerebrovascular disease, and alcohol, tobacco, sleep and nutritional habits were not found to be associated with development of seizures. The recent life events investigated, at home or at work, occurred as often in cases as in referents, except that significantly fewer cases had received any increase in salary during the last 6 months. The relationship between depression and development of seizures should be explored further. Moreover, the possibility of false negative results should be considered because of the sample size.
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PMID:An incident case-referent study of epileptic seizures in adults. 235 57

To study the role of silent ischemia and the arrhythmic substrate in the genesis of sudden cardiac death, 67 patients were studied (mean age 62 +/- 12 years). Of these, 14 patients (Group 1) had an in-hospital episode of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation while wearing a 24 h Holter ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitor, 33 (Group II) had a documented episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, or both, and 20 (Group III) had angina pectoris but no ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Eight Group I survivors underwent programmed electrical stimulation or ECG signal averaging, or both. All Group II patients underwent 24 h Holter monitoring and ECG signal averaging to detect late potentials before programmed electrical stimulation. Group III patients underwent both 24 h Holter recording and coronary angiography. The 24 h ECG tapes were analyzed for ST segment changes, prematurity index and characteristics of ventricular premature depolarizations. Any ST depression greater than or equal to 1 mm for greater than 30 s was considered to be a reflection of silent ischemia, and the induction of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by programmed electrical stimulation or the presence of late potentials, or both, was considered to be a reflection of the arrhythmia substrate. Silent ischemia preceded ventricular tachycardia in only 2 (14%) of the 14 Group I patients. The prematurity index was less than 1 in only 18% of ventricular tachycardia episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of silent ischemia, the arrhythmic substrate and the short-long sequence in the genesis of sudden cardiac death. 258 49


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