Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of psychotropic drugs in general has become more extended in the past 20 years. The elderly, particularly geriatric inpatients, are the group with the highest consumption. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in two groups of elderly, hospitalized patients (H) vs. nonhospitalized subjects (nH), psychotropic drug consumption related to psychological distress. This was carried out in a total 238 subjects aged above 65 years (112 geriatric inpatients and 126 interviewed in social welfare centers). Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological data, general health and psychological distress were evaluated. The latter was assessed by means of the Symptom Distress Checklist (SCL-90) which included 9 subscales. 23% of the subjects received psychotropic drugs (P), of which 84% were benzodiazepines, 10% antidepressants and 1.5% antipsychotics. After evaluating the SCL-90 subscales, it was noted that anxiety, depression and obsessiveness/compulsiveness scored higher in P subjects than in those not receiving psychotropic drugs (nP). When treated nH and H were analyzed separately, it was observed that the former scored higher in anxiety and depression, while the latter showed higher scores in anxiety and obsessiveness/compulsiveness. Considered globally, the H group compared to nH showed higher scores in depression. Although evaluating psychotropic drug utilization in geriatric patients is complex due to the large number of influencing factors, SCL-90 has proved to be useful for assessing the qualitative aspects of this drug consumption in the elderly.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of psychotropic drug consumption related to psychological distress in the elderly: hospitalized vs. nonhospitalized. 198 Jul 27

Adjuvant psychological therapy (APT) is a newly developed cognitive behavioural treatment which has been designed specifically to improve the quality of life of cancer patients by alleviating emotional distress and inducing a fighting spirit. We report a phase I/II study which evaluates APT in routine clinical practice. A consecutive series of 44 outpatients with various cancers referred for psychiatric consultation and receiving APT at the Royal Marsden Hospital was studied. Standardised self-report questionnaires were used to measure anxiety, depression and four principal categories of mental adjustment to cancer, namely, fighting spirit, helplessness, anxious preoccupation and fatalism. Statistical comparisons between pre-therapy scores and scores after an average of five APT sessions revealed significant improvement in anxiety, depression, fighting spirit, anxious preoccupation and helplessness. Fatalism scores showed the same trend, but the changes were smaller. Patients with advanced disease showed as much improvement as those with local or locoregional disease. Present results indicate improvement in both psychiatric symptoms and mental adjustment to cancer associated with APT. Whether this association is causal remains to be determined by randomised controlled trials. Such a trial is in progress.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of adjuvant psychological therapy for clinically referred cancer patients. 199 3

The development of the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ), a scale designed to assess the psychological distress associated with tinnitus, is described. Psychometric analyses of the TRQ are examined with a total of 156 subjects in three separate samples. The results indicate very good test-retest reliability (r = .88) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .96). Factor analysis yielded four factors that were interpreted as General Distress, Interference, Severity, and Avoidance. Moderate to high correlations were found between the TRQ and clinician ratings (r = .67) and self-report measures of anxiety and depression (r = .58-.87), but a low correlation was found with neuroticism (r = .27). It is concluded that the TRQ provides a useful index of distress related to tinnitus for subject selection and clinical assessment and has potential as a measure of change in coping ability.
 ...
PMID:Tinnitus reaction questionnaire: psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus. 200 74

This research investigated the psychological adjustment of adult children of alcoholics. Few studies have explored the long-term effects of this childhood experience. The total sample (N = 239) included 114 adult children of alcoholics and 125 sociodemographically comparable adults from nonalcoholic family environments. The sample was further divided into young- and middle-adult age groups and men and women. All respondents completed a self-report instrument that included standardized measures of psychological well-being, emotional distress, personality characteristics and psychological development. Results indicated that adult children of alcoholics did not differ from the comparison group on the majority of measures that assessed multiple aspects of psychological well-being and personality development. However, adult children of alcoholics scored significantly higher on the measures of anxiety and depression than did adults from nonalcoholic families. Few gender differences were obtained in the overall pattern of results. The findings are discussed in light of the generally negative clinical descriptions of adult children of alcoholics and the need to implement future research that will explain the apparent variability in the psychological functioning of adult children of alcoholics.
 ...
PMID:Adult children of alcoholics: profiles of wellness amidst distress. 201 73

At best, most individuals are able to recount two to three of the seven warning signs of cancer [1]. However, this finding is primarily based on free recall of symptoms personally experienced by the respondent. In the present study, a new approach is introduced as an alternative to traditional assessment of knowledge of cancer warning signs. The Knowledge of Cancer Warning Signs Inventory (KCWSI) is a 25 item self-report questionnaire which yields three scores concerning probability judgments about symptoms: basic recognition of the seven warning signs (BRCWS), the extent to which nonwarning signs are perceived to be warning signs (NSPWS), and the extent to which one can accurately discriminate between real and false positive warning signs (accurate knowledge of cancer: AKC). The KCWSI was given to a population who live in a community facing a perceived toxic waste hazard, based on the hypothesis that such a group should be cognizant of the warning signs of cancer because of the serious health threats posed by toxic exposure and the presumed need to engage in greater health preventative activities when living with such an environmental threat. Results show that basic knowledge of the seven cancer warning signs is predicted by AKC, fear of cancer, and a family history of cancer. Misperception of common distress symptoms (of anxiety, somatization, and depression) as symptoms of cancer (nonwarning signs perceived as warning signs: NSPWS) is predicted by fear of cancer, a composite scale of perceived susceptibility to cancer and other health-related problems, Global Symptom Distress, and higher order interactions among the demographic variables of race, gender, income and education. Accurate Knowledge of Cancer (AKC) is associated with lower fear of cancer and lower psychological distress than the other two knowledge measures. The Knowledge of Cancer Warning Signs Inventory yields complex information about how symptoms are perceived and may prove superior to other methods in understanding what people believe about the warning signs of cancer and how this understanding relates to health care behaviors. This study also illustrates the need to pay attention to how health information is measured.
 ...
PMID:Measuring knowledge of cancer. 206 7

A contextual model of stress was employed to examine the impact of cochlear implantation on parents' levels of stress and psychological adjustment. This model provided a framework for identifying stressors tied directly to the situation, and pointed to important life roles that may be altered. Twenty-four mothers of children implanted with cochlear implants completed a series of questionnaires assessing stressors related to daily parenting tasks, time demands, and childhood deafness. Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints were also administered. The results provided preliminary evidence that parents of children receiving cochlear implants experience higher levels of stress and poorer psychological adjustment than parents of normally hearing children. Greater parenting stress and emotional distress were reported by parents of children using multichannel as opposed to single-channel devices, with little evidence that this was related strongly to length of time using the devices. Finally, in analyses controlling for type of device and length of use, parenting stress as measured in the current study, accounted for substantial proportions of the variance in psychological distress. The implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Cochlear implants in children: a study of parental stress and adjustment. 206 97

This study compared adolescent child molesters (n = 31) with nonsex offending delinquents (n = 34) and normal adolescents (n = 71) on standardized measures of social competence and psychological adjustment. The measures included the Adolescent Assertiveness Scale, the Survey of Heterosocial Interactions, the Self-Consciousness Scale, the Social Anxiety and Distress Scale, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Norwicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and the Jesness Inventory. Results were consistent with predictions. Molesters showed significantly more global maladjustment than normals and were more socially anxious and threatened by heterosocial interactions than nonsex offending delinquents. A discriminant function analysis suggested that molesters, more than delinquents, were likely to perceive themselves as socially inadequate and to be externally oriented in their attributional style. Results support the hypothesis that social skill deficits and social isolation are risk factors that may predispose some adolescents to commit sexual crimes against children.
 ...
PMID:Psychosocial adjustment in adolescent child molesters. 228 86

Anxiety and depression for 399 survivors of a 1,102-member heart disease cohort were assessed 8 to 9 years post-hospitalization. Approximately one-third reported symptoms of emotional distress and one-fourth were on anti-anxiety drugs. Predictors of anxiety and depression were analyzed through logistic regression. Subjects age 65 and over were less likely than younger patients to report anxiety or depression and also reported less heart-associated disability, the strongest predictor of distress for both age groups. Other significant predictors included a previous history of distress, low income, female sex, and beta blocker use.
 ...
PMID:Depression and anxiety among chronically ill heart patients: age differences in risk and predictors. 232 Jul 61

Mothers of children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were assessed repeatedly over a period of 6 years in order to determine the psychological correlates of managing this chronic illness. Both maternal depression and overall emotional distress after the 1st year of the IDDM increased slightly with illness duration and were also influenced by other factors. Mothers' adjustment shortly after their children were diagnosed with IDDM was a strong predictor of their long-term emotional symptomatology. However, mothers' symptoms over time were not related to medical aspects of IDDM (i.e., the extent of the children's metabolic control, number of rehospitalizations, or their compliance with the medical regimen) and were also unrelated to the levels of depression or anxiety reported by their children. Mothers generally found it easier to cope with the IDDM the longer their children had the illness. However, the degree to which mothers perceived the IDDM to be bothersome or difficult to manage at any given point in time was associated with their overall levels of emotional distress.
 ...
PMID:Psychological functioning among mothers of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study. 233 36

In a prospective study of 283 myocardial infarction (MI) patients, state-dependent feelings of anxiety, depression, and irritability were assessed twice during hospital stay, and four times during a 3-5 yr follow-up. A K-mean cluster analysis identified six subgroups of MI patients with different pattern of emotional reactions. Two groups, containing nearly half of the sample, had low average levels of emotional upset at all assessments. Two groups showed an intermediate long-term outcome: one of these had a high level of initial emotional upset that subsided during the first six months after discharge, whereas the other group showed increasing levels of emotional distress long-term follow-up. Finally, two groups failed to achieve long-term emotional readjustment. For one of these, a high level of emotional upset was evident from the first in-hospital assessment, whereas the other one had a sharp increase in emotional distress after discharge. In a series of psychological, social and medical variables, the former pattern was associated with more pre-MI medical and psychosocial problems, whereas the delayed emotional reaction was related to lower levels of cardiac health knowledge. Furthermore, high levels of emotional upset preceded both failure in resuming work and increased long-term rehospitalization. The findings indicate that emotional reactions after a MI should be monitored during convalescence to identify patients at risk for a failure in emotional readjustment. Furthermore, effective treatment of initial emotional reactions could promote resumption of work and reduce long-term morbidity.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of emotional reactions after a myocardial infarction. 234 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>