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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the frequency of sleep disturbance of burn survivors at 3 time points: during hospitalization (time 1: n = 237), 1 week after discharge (time 2: n = 149), and 2 months after discharge (time 3: n = 91). Predictors of sleep disturbance and its relationship to quality of life are explored. Measures of sleep, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, pain, and quality of life were administered at each time point. Fifty percent of participants had sleep disturbance while in the hospital and 1 week after discharge. Forty percent of participants continued to have sleep disturbance 2 months after discharge. In regression equations, emotional distress was a better predictor of sleep disturbance than pain and total body surface area burned at each time point. Sleep disturbance was significantly negatively correlated with all aspects of quality of life represented on the SF-36 Health Survey. Sleep disturbance is a common and often chronic postburn complication that warrants further research.
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PMID:The 1998 Clinical Research Award. Sleep disturbance after burn injury: a frequent yet understudied complication. 984 37

The English version of the Arabic Children's Depression Inventory, constructed by Abdel-Khalek, was applied to a sample of 535 U.S. students (11 to 18 years old). Cronbach coefficients alpha were .88, .90, and .89 for boys, girls, and all subjects, respectively. Seven factors were extracted by principal axis factor analysis (Negative mood and self-depreciation, Fatigue, Lack of loneliness, Sleep problems, Weak concentration, Pessimism, and Feeling happy), denoting clear factorial structure; however, the scale was intended to be unidimensional. Sex and racial differences for this American sample were not statistically significant but the correlation of depression scores with age was .22. The scale appears useful in studying depression in American school children and adolescents. Also, cross-cultural differences in childhood depression between samples from Egypt and Kuwait of previous studies and the present American sample were examined. Based on the effect size, female Kuwaiti had a lower mean depression score than either the Egyptian or American groups. The scale can be used in cross-cultural research.
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PMID:A cross-cultural evaluation of depression in children in Egypt, Kuwait, and the United States. 1067 61

Gender symptom differences were studied in 948 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a questionnaire covering the most common symptoms associated with PD at debut (SP-1) and at present (SP-2). The symptoms most frequently reported by both genders were: tremor, fumblingness, writing problems, rigidity and fatigue. At SP-1 females reported neck-pain and low back pain more frequently than males. At SP-2 subjects reported an increased number of symptoms. The following symptoms were more frequent among males than females: writing difficulties, fumblingness, gait problems, speech problems, increased flow of saliva, lack of initiative. Sleep problems were common in both sexes with inability to turn in bed and calf muscle cramps in a high percentage. A majority of female subjects find their symptoms (e.g. depression) constantly distressing. Although depression is not one of primary reported symptoms (36%) attention is called for, due to the problem with compliance to treatment regimes. About 30% do not report having tremor and rigidity. This study indicates the usefulness of a symptom profile instrument capable of capturing the many symptoms involved in PD. Such an instrument could be used to detect apparent mistakes in medication and thereby increase the function and quality of life for the individual.
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PMID:Gender differences in Parkinson's disease symptom profile. 1089 61

This study investigated symptoms of anxiety in two samples of clinic outpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinician and caregiver reports were obtained using standardized measures to characterize a broad array of anxiety symptoms. Anxiety symptoms were reported for a substantial proportion of subjects, regardless of whether clinician or caregiver ratings were used. Anxious or worried appearance was most common (68% to 71%), followed by fearfulness, tension, restlessness, and fidgeting (37% to 57%). Sleep disturbance and various somatic symptoms were less common (8% to 34%). Although anxiety symptoms were prevalent, only 5% to 6% of subjects met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder. In both samples, anxiety symptoms were associated with depression, behavioral disturbances, and increased cognitive impairment. Study findings support a high occurrence of anxiety in patients with dementia, and treatments for anxiety might therefore be helpful in reducing the psychiatric burden of AD.
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PMID:Anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. 1128 17

Sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are frequent complaints of depressed patients under standard antidepressant medication. Therefore, additional therapies are required which specifically focus on the improvement of these deficits without exerting major side effects. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been shown to improve cognitive abilities in elderly subjects and in patients with disorders of the dementia spectrum. Animal studies surmise that EGb may reduce CRH activity, which is substantially related to depressive mood and behavior, predominantly cognition and sleep. An open non-randomized pilot study has been conducted to investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb Li 1370) on cognitive performance and sleep regulation in depressed inpatients. 16 patients were treated with a trimipramine (T)-monotherapy (200 mg) for six weeks. In eight of the 16 patients, an adjunct EGb therapy (240 mg/d) was applied for four weeks after a baseline week, the other eight patients remained on trimipramine monotherapy (200 mg) during the entire study. Polysomnography, cognitive psychomotor performance and psychopathology were assessed at baseline, after short-term and long-term adjunct EGb treatment, and after one week of ginkgo discontinuation (at the respective evaluation times in the eight patients on T-monotherapy). This report focuses on the results of EGb on sleep EEG pattern. EGb significantly improved sleep pattern by an increase of sleep efficiency and a reduction of awakenings. In addition, sleep stage 1 and REM-density were reduced, while stage 2 was increased. Non-REM sleep, predominantly slow wave sleep in the first sleep cycle, was significantly enhanced compared to trimipramine monotherapy. Discontinuation of EGb reversed most of these effects. Based on the animal data, these results suggest that EGb may improve sleep continuity and enhance Non-REM sleep due to a weakening of tonic CRH-activity. The compensation of the deficient Non-REM component in depression by the EGb application may provide a new additional treatment strategy, especially in the treatment of the depressive syndrome with sleep disturbance.
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PMID:Polysomnographic effects of adjuvant ginkgo biloba therapy in patients with major depression medicated with trimipramine. 1130 64

The psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis patients was compared with that in vitiligo patients using the standardised Hindi (vernacular language) version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-H). Thirty new and untreated patients each with psoriasis or vitiligo and between the ages of 18-60 yrs, constituted the study group. The prevalences of psychiatric morbidity as assessed by the GHQ-H were found to be 53.3% and 16.22% in the psoriasis and vitiligo patients respectively; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0028). The prevalences of depression were 23.3% and 10% in psoriasis and vitiligo respectively and anxiety was observed in 3.3% of each group. Sleep disturbance was the most common complaint and was present in 56.6% of psoriasis patients and 20% of the vitiligo patients. However, the parameter of sleep disturbance showed a statistically significant difference between the two dermatoses (p=0.0034).
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PMID:Psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis and vitiligo: a comparative study. 1156 Jan 58

Sleep disturbance has attracted considerable attention as an early indicator of depression. However, three epidemiologic investigations have shown psychological symptoms, such as self-disparagement, to be stronger predictors. This report examines the depressive symptoms commonly assessed in modern epidemiologic surveys and estimates the generalizability of this information using data from the Stirling County Study, a long-term epidemiologic investigation of psychiatric disorders. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to gather information about depression, defined as major depressive episode (MDE) and/or dysthymic disorder (DysD). A sample of 1,396 adults representing Stirling County in 1992 served to assess the prevalence of the different types of depressive symptoms and to investigate the associations between symptoms and lifetime diagnoses of MDE/DysD. A cohort of 489 follow-up subjects who were interviewed twice in the early part of the 1990s was used to examine the associations between baseline symptoms and subsequent incidence of MDE/DysD. Both "symptom groups" (such as appetite or psychomotor disturbances) and "individual symptoms" (such as weight gain or restlessness) were investigated. About one third of the representative sample had experienced the diagnostically required symptoms of "sadness" or "loss of pleasure," but many lacked sufficient other symptomatology to be diagnosed as depressed. Several of the symptom groups bore a different relationship to diagnosis than did the individual symptoms. Among the latter, "feeling worthless" and "having trouble concentrating" exhibited the strongest associations to diagnosis in the representative sample. The symptoms of "wanting to die" and "feeling worthless" were the most predictive of future depression in the twice-interviewed cohort. Thus, this study supports evidence from other epidemiologic studies that psychological symptoms are important in the prodromal phase of depression. Sleep disturbance, especially insomnia, cannot be ignored since it is a prominent manifestation of depression but it appears not to have as high specificity as some of the other symptoms. An exclusive focus on the symptom groups, as used to count symptoms according to diagnostic criteria, may obscure useful information about associations between individual symptoms and diagnosis. Feelings of personal inadequacy deserve particular attention in the population at large because they are strongly associated with lifetime diagnoses and forecast the incidence of depression when people are followed over time.
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PMID:Self-disparagement as feature and forerunner of depression: findings from the Stirling County Study. 1178 14

Sleep problems and symptoms of sleep disturbance are very prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). Numerous contributing factors include sleep-related breathing disorders, increasing age, medications, anxiety and depression, and comorbidities. Thus, the cardiovascular nurse has an important role in the recognition and management of sleep-related problems in persons with HF. This article provides an overview of sleep disturbances in patients with HF, suggests evidence-based strategies for managing the sleep problems, and identifies pertinent areas for future nursing inquiry.
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PMID:Sleep and heart failure. 1235 91

The main mechanisms of the chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion associate a low Mg intake with various dysregulating biorhythms. The differentiation between forms with hyperfunction and forms with hypofunction of the biological clock is seminal and the main marker is the production of melatonin (MT). The clinical forms of the various patterns of the chronopathological forms of Mg depletion may be central or peripheral. The clinical forms with hyperfunction of the biological clock (marker: increase in MT) may associate diverse expressions of nervous hypoexcitability: depression (i.e. Seasonal affective disease); cephalalgias nocturnal, without photophobia (i.e. cluster headaches); dyssomnia LASPS (advanced sleep phase syndrome) particularly]; asthenia and myalgias (i.e. fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome). The main comorbidity is found with depressive states. The therapy relies on classical bright light phototherapy, sometimes associated with psychoanaleptics. The clinical forms with hypofunction of biological clock (marker: decrease in MT) may associate various signs of nervous hyperexcitability (HEN): anxiety (from generalized anxiety to panic attacks); cephalalgias diurnal with photophobia (mainly migraine); dyssomnia [DSPS (delayed sleep phase syndrome) particularly, jet lag, night work disorders, age related insomnia, sometimes with inappropriate behaviour; photogenic epilepsia, generalized or focal; some clinical forms of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. The main comorbidity is between migraine and epilepsia. The treatment relies on the diverse forms of darkness therapy, possibly with the help of some psycholeptics: anxiolytics and anticonvulsants. The indications of chromatotherapy remain to be validated.
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PMID:Chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion with hypofunction or with hyperfunction of the biological clock. 1263 82

Diagnosing depression in cancer patients has been challenging because the diagnostic criteria include somatic symptoms frequently attributed to the cancer itself or its treatment. However, few studies have explored how to appropriately deal with individual somatic symptoms. The authors used data from 220 cancer patients with major depression to examine the intercorrelations among the DSM-IV somatic and nonsomatic symptom criteria as well as whether the presence of an individual somatic symptom could discriminate the severity of major depression. Appetite changes and a diminished ability to think were positively associated with anhedonia. Sleep disturbance and fatigue were not significantly associated with nonsomatic symptoms. These associations were consistent after adjusting for physical functioning and pain. Only patients with appetite changes showed a higher severity of depression. These results suggest that individual somatic symptoms differ in nature and that appetite-related symptoms and a diminished ability to think may be useful for diagnosing depression in cancer patients, whereas sleep disturbances and fatigue may not be as useful.
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PMID:Somatic symptoms for diagnosing major depression in cancer patients. 1272 6


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