Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insomnia in elderly people has traditionally been regarded as inevitable and trivial. A longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of sleep disturbance among elderly people in an inner London community and its association with demographic variables, depression, dementia and disability. Those aged 65 years and over living at home were interviewed using a validated and reliable semi-structured interview schedule. A total of 705 people were interviewed in 1987-88 and 524 were re-interviewed in 1990. Subjective sleep disturbance was found to be common (33% and 43%, respectively). Sleep disturbance was associated with being a woman, being unmarried, living alone, disability, and current and future depression, but not with dementia or older age. The best predictor of future depression in elderly people who were not depressed was current sleep disturbance. In the presence of current sleep disturbance, the traditional predictors of depression--being a woman, having a disability, being unmarried, living alone and being older--did not contribute further. This study has shown that sleep disorder is associated with pathology. Insomnia in elderly people requires assessment and this must be accompanied by the treatment of underlying disorders and monitoring of future health.
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PMID:Does sleep disturbance predict depression in elderly people? A study in inner London. 820 44

Sleep disturbance is a common and frequent complaint reported by tinnitus sufferers. Recent studies have shown that when insomnia and depression are associated with tinnitus there is decreased tolerance and increased discomfort with the tinnitus. The purpose of this study was to assess the reported prevalence and severity of sleep disturbance in chronic tinnitus patients. Patients (n = 80) were military personnel without major psychiatric disturbance and their tinnitus was associated with noise-induced permanent hearing loss (NIHL). Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) scores for sleep disturbance were found to be higher than those of normal controls in 77% of the patients. Highest MSQ scores in tinnitus patients with a sleep complaint were for delayed sleep, morning awakenings, mid-sleep awakenings, morning fatigue, and chronic fatigue. In contrast, a complaint of excessive daytime sleep (EDS) was not common. The self-rated severity of the tinnitus was greater in subjects with higher sleep disturbance scores. Self-rated depressive symptomatology was also highly correlated with sleep disturbance. Retrospective examination of sleep records and polysomnographic data for 10 patients with a complaint of chronic tinnitus revealed a combined effect for the tinnitus condition when associated with another conventional sleep disorder. In spite of the common complaint of sleep disturbance in tinnitus, only a minority seek a sleep examination.
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PMID:Sleep disturbance associated with chronic tinnitus. 837 41

These studies were performed to clarify (1) the actual conditions concerning rotating shift schedules of nurses in Japanese university and college hospitals and to evaluate (2) some aspects of the physical and mental health, and (3) sleep profile of hospital nurses working on counter-clockwise shift rotation. Two questionnaire surveys and the OSA sleep inventory (OSA) were carried out. The subjects in the study (1) were a total of 80 nursing directors in university and college hospitals. The questionnaire covered 4 categories, such as the schedule most frequently adopted and reasons for using the schedule. The questionnaires were returned by 67 directors (83.8%). The subjects in the study (2) were 189 nurses working on three-shift work schedules at Asahikawa Medical College Hospital. The items in the questionnaire covered 7 categories, as follows: 1) feeling of sleep after each shift (8 items); 2) feeling of fatigue after each shift (30 items); 3) physical symptoms; 4) inter-personal problems; 5) all the items on Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS); 6) all the items on the Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire; and 7) 24 items on the Maudsley personality inventory. The questionnaires were returned by 156 nurses (82.5%), whose mean age and duration of shift-work employment were 27.2 +/- 5.1 and 5.0 +/- 4.3 years (mean +/- SD), respectively. For 152 nurses (97.4%) of those returning the questionnaire, the working schedule consisted of 2 consecutive night shifts and 2 consecutive evening shifts, following a variable number of day shifts (rapid and counterclockwise shift rotation). The subjects in the study (3) were 8 healthy nurses working on above-mentioned three rotating shifts at the psychiatric ward of Asahikawa Medical College Hospital, whose mean age was 29.4 +/- 5.8 years (mean +/- SD). All the subjects recorded their sleep-logs and underwent OSA everyday for 30 consecutive days. Of the 240 OSA data, 95 data (16 after day shift, 17 after the 1st night shift, 16 after the 2nd night shift, 15 after the 1st evening shift, 16 after the 2nd evening shift, 15 after day off) were analyzed. In addition to five of sleep factors in the OSA analysis, we evaluated the global score (GS), which represents subjective global feeling of sleep. In the study (1), 47 of 66 hospitals (71.2%) adopted rapid and counterclockwise shift rotation. The results of study (2) were as follows: 1) After the first night shift (diurnal sleep), the sleep problems were worst, and the frequency of taking sleep-inducing drugs was highest (12.6%); 2) Feelings of fatigue were the highest level after each of the two night shifts; 3) SDS score was relatively high (57.8 +/- 8.1, mean +/- SD); 4) The older the nurse, the greater the aggravation of both sleep problems and fatigue; 5) Sleep problems after day shifts were worse and SDS score was higher in nurses classified as "nightowls" compared to those in nurses classified as "morning people"; and 6) There was no difference between introverts and extroverts in sleep problems, fatigue or SDS score. The results of study (3) were as follows: 1) In 3 of sleep factors (Sleepiness, Integrated sleep, sleep initiation) and GS, there were significant differences among each rotating shift schedule including day off; 2) The highest score in five of sleep factors and the highest GS were noted after the 2nd night shift (nocturnal sleep), and the lowest after the 1st night shift (diurnal sleep); and 3) The younger subjects (n = 4; mean age, 24.5 years) showed a higher GS compared with that of the older subjects (n = 4; mean age, 34.2 years).
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PMID:[Investigation of the actual conditions of hospital nurses working on three rotating shifts: questionnaire results of shift work schedules, feelings of sleep and fatigue, and depression]. 872 Oct 96

Autistic children undergoing therapeutic programs, which adopt in our service (USL 3 CT) different theoretical approaches, sometimes show a marked reduction in motor activities, a lowering of tone of voice, physical expression of sadness. We observe that animation is absent in the scene they may draw and colours are no longer used in their drawings. Sleep disturbance may appear or reappearance of enuresis. Many authors consider these symptoms as signs of depression. These changes, even though they create new problems in therapeutic management, are, in our opinion, a very important index of the unblocking of autistic withdrawal and beginning of development of those emotional, relational and cognitive components which seem to be frozen in autistic children and inhibit the birth of the mind, according to the U. Frith Theory. We report in this paper the psychoanalytic, cognitive, systemic, biological viewpoint on the occurrence of depression in infantile autism. We submit three cases of patients being treated in our service with the cognitive-behavioural oriented educational program and pharmacological therapy and discuss the multidimensional approach. The temporary occurrence of depression symptoms may be an index of a change within the resisting autistic balance, which may have a biological basis, but indicates the disorganization of the autistic child's mind in view of further development.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of depression occurrence in infantile autism. 906 96

Sleep disorders occur in 74-98% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), adversely affecting their quality of life. Sleep disruption takes the form of sleep fragmentation with frequent and prolonged awakenings and daytime sleepiness. Nocturia, difficulty in turning over in bed, painful leg cramps, vivid dreams/nightmares, back pain, limb/facial dystonia and leg jerks are the main causes of nocturnal awakening in PD patients. Sleep disturbance gradually worsens with disease progression, suggesting that it is related to the severity of the disease. Sleep disturbances may be generally considered as part of the normal aging process, being more common in the elderly. However, no significant associations between sleep disturbances and either age or disease duration was found in a survey of 100 PD patients. Disturbed sleep maintenance in PD patients was more severe than in age-matched controls, and nocturnal awakening was frequently caused by nocturia, pain, stiffness and difficulty in turning over in bed. Sleep disturbance is also a complication of chronic levodopa therapy. Recent data suggest that controlled-release levodopa is less likely to cause nocturnal symptoms than standard levodopa, particularly in mild-to-moderate disease. Depression, which is common in PD patients, contributes to sleep disturbance but has a lesser influence than the disease process itself. Hypnotic and sedative agents, as well as anti-depressants if required, are useful in ameliorating sleep disturbances in PD patients; intranasal desmopressin appears to be effective in reducing nocturia.
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PMID:Sleep disorder related to Parkinson's disease. 911 82

There is a strong association between the chronic fatigue syndrome and both depressive illness and sleep disturbance, but the efficacy of antidepressants is uncertain. We studied the efficacy and adverse effects of moclobemide in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, stratifying the sample both by co-morbid major depressive illness and by sleep disturbance. Forty-nine patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited. Patients were given moclobemide up to 600 mg a day for 6 weeks. Four (8%) patients dropped out, three because of adverse effects. Adverse effects wee otherwise mild and transient. On analysing the whole sample, there were significant but small reductions in fatigue, depression, anxiety and somatic amplification, as well as a modest overall improvement. The greatest improvement occurred in those individuals who had a co-morbid major depressive illness, with seven out of 14 (50%) of such individuals rating themselves as "much better" by 6 weeks, compared to six out of 31 (19%) of those who were not depressed (31% difference, 95% CI 1-60%, P = 0.04). Sleep disturbance had no effect on outcome. Moclobemide may be indicated in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and a co-morbid major depressive disorder. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm this. These results do not support moclobemide as an effective treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome in the absence of a major depressive disorder.
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PMID:An open study of the efficacy and adverse effects of moclobemide in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. 917 34

This open study investigated the effects of sertraline in treating 13 adolescents, ages 12 to 18, who were hospitalized for treatment of a major depressive episode. The sample included 7 adolescents with nonendogenous depression and 6 with endogenous depression, as diagnosed by both Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and Kiddie-SADS-P DSM-III-R endogenous subtype criteria. These patients were followed for an inpatient length of stay ranging from 9 to 38 days (mean 19 days), with later outpatient follow-up for a total of 12 weeks. Measures of depression were found to improve significantly, including suicidal ideation and most of the DSM-III-R symptoms of major depression. Sertraline (mean 110 mg or 1.96 mg/kg daily) significantly decreased scores on the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale from premedication baseline to treatment week 12, and also between weeks 1 (after a large week 1 improvement, presumably due to nondrug effects) and 12. There was a small but significant improvement on the Children's Global Assessment Scale between baseline and week 12, but the Family Global Assessment Scale showed no significant change; neither global assessment scale showed significant effects between weeks 1 and 12. Sleep disturbance was common (69%) after 12 weeks of treatment, but clinically significant improvements in sleep patterns were also observed. This open-label prospective study suggests that sertraline might be useful in treating adolescents with major depression. Adverse effects, mainly insomnia and drowsiness, were relatively common but usually manageable. One patient developed mania after 8 days of sertraline treatment at a dose of 100 mg daily.
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PMID:An open study of the effects of sertraline on adolescent major depression. 923 Dec 98

Sleep disturbance is a classic sign of hepatic encephalopathy. However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy. We assessed the characteristics of sleep in cirrhosis using a sleep questionnaire (n = 44) and actigraphy (n = 20). The results were compared with those of subjects with chronic renal failure and those of healthy controls. Presence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, chronotypology profile, and individual's affective state were also analyzed. The questionnaire indicated an elevated number of cirrhotic patients (47.7%) and patients with chronic renal failure (38.6%) who complained of unsatisfactory sleep compared with healthy controls (4.5%, P < .01). Actigraphy corroborated the deterioration of sleep parameters in cirrhotic patients with unsatisfactory sleep. The sleep disturbance in cirrhosis was not associated with clinical parameters nor with cognitive impairment. Cirrhotic subjects and patients with chronic renal failure with unsatisfactory sleep showed higher scores for depression and anxiety, raising the possibility that the effects of chronic disease may underlie the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance. However, in contrast to chronic renal failure, unsatisfactory sleep in cirrhosis was associated with delayed bedtime, delayed wake-up time, and evening chronotypology. In conclusion, a sleep disturbance is frequent in cirrhotic patients without hepatic encephalopathy and may be related to abnormalities of the circadian timekeeping system.
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PMID:High prevalence of sleep disturbance in cirrhosis. 946 28

A random sample of 876 subjects aged 65-79 years were investigated by means of a questionnaire concerning sleep and related factors. Sleep problems were reported by 23.8% of females and 13.3% of males. Moderate or major complaints of maintaining sleep were reported by 43.5% of subjects, early morning awakening 33.4% and difficulties falling asleep 31.4%. Daytime sleepiness was more common among males, and a relationship between daytime sleepiness and perceived poor sleep was found. Daytime napping was common, but not related to poor sleep. The prevalence of regular sleeping pill users was 7.6% for females and 3.0% for males and a relationship between sleep problems, sleeping pill usage and psychiatric symptoms was established. Among the regular sleeping pill users 39.1% had possible depression (PD) and 63.0% had possible anxiety disorder (PA). Among respondents with sleep complaints 29.8% had PD and 48.7% had PA. Sleep problems were also related to impaired physical health. Various medical illnesses contributed to sleep complaints among males, and depression affected sleep the most among females.
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PMID:A survey of sleep habits and sleeping difficulties in an elderly Swedish population. 955 43

Cognitive problems are frequently reported in patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). This is the first study to explore, in EMS, the relationship between specific neuropsychological deficits and fatigue and pain. Relationships among depression, sleep disturbance, and neuropsychological deficits in EMS were also examined. Neither fatigue nor pain was correlated with memory impairment. Sleep disturbance was significantly correlated with verbal memory impairment, but not with deficits in visuospatial memory. These results suggest that cognitive loss in EMS cannot be attributed to pain or fatigue. Although some aspects of memory impairment may be associated with disturbed sleep, visual memory deficits are clearly independent of sleep deficits and may result from direct effects of the disease on the central nervous system.
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PMID:Pain, fatigue, and sleep in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: relationship to neuropsychological performance. 970 42


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