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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this paper the authors report the results of a cross-over treatment of 79 case of neurosis with vacuum drugs and L-tryptophan. The therapeutic effects were evaluated respectively with four-degree scale and the rating scales of SCL-90. Sleep vs. Sleep disturbance self-checklist. Side effects were evaluated with TESS. The data show that treatment of L-tryptophan 3.0g/day for six weeks. Rate of marked improvement is 58.2%, effective rate is 91.1%. It is concluded that the effects of hypnosis and sedation are mild side effects only. Using L-tryptophan the therapeutic effects which concern somatization depression anxiety, phobia, compulsion, are analysed and discussed.
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PMID:[A self body double blind clinical study of L-tryptophan and placebo in treated neurosis]. 186 Mar 85

Alcoholic male inpatients (N = 76) served as subjects in this study which examined the effect of L-tryptophan on depressive state and sleep disturbance. All subjects were residents of a 6-week alcohol treatment program at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. Subjects' degree of depression (Zung's Depression Scale) and sleep satisfaction (Webb's Post-Sleep Inventory) were measured four times during the study, just prior to and following ingestion of a substance that was either 3 gms L-tryptophan or 3 gms of an identical-appearing placebo. Subjects in the L-tryptophan/placebo condition received the active substance for 4 days followed by the placebo with a 4-day washout period in between. A second group of subjects received the same regimen of reverse order and a third received placebos on both occasions. There were two additional control groups that received no substances. All subjects in the study reported decreased levels of depression due to nonspecific treatment effects. The subjects who took L-tryptophan in either sequence reported even lower levels of depression. Sleep disturbance was not affected by L-tryptophan since it was barely present when the study began. A phenomenon referred to as the interval effect is discussed and an alternative explanation for this effect is offered.
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PMID:The efficacy of L-tryptophan in the reduction of sleep disturbance and depressive state in alcoholic patients. 268 71

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale was evaluated in 44 depressed inpatients. All items of the scale occurred frequently in the sample; the scale exhibited construct validity (internal homogeneity) and concurrent validity relative to the Hamilton Depression Scale and the concepts of endogenous and nonendogenous depression. Sleep disturbance, reduced appetite, and suicidal thoughts, correlated poorly with the remainder of the scale. Reasons for this finding are discussed. Inter-rater reliability was demonstrated between a psychiatrist and a nurse on individual item and total scale scores.
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PMID:The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale: reliability and validity. 375 60

Zimelidine is a new antidepressant, which is structurally unrelated to the tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. The pharmacological profile of zimelidine is different to that of other antidepressants in that it appears to owe the major part of its activity to the inhibition of serotonin uptake within the central nervous system. It appears that the demethylated metabolite, norzimelidine, may be responsible for most of the pharmacological activity. Studies to date suggest that zimelidine has overall efficacy comparable with that of amitriptyline, desipramine, maprotiline and doxepin in depressive illness, but at dosages which have achieved a similar overall clinical improvement zimelidine does not cause sedation, and anticholinergic side effects are mild and occur infrequently. Preliminary evidence suggests that zimelidine is effective against concomitant anxiety in depressed patients, and that it may also be useful in treating phobic anxiety. Zimelidine appears less likely to cause serious cardiotoxicity, in therapeutic dosages or an overdosage, than the tricyclic antidepressants, but it has not been studied in patients with cardiovascular disease. Sleep disturbance has occurred significantly more frequently during zimelidine therapy than during therapy with other sedative antidepressants, but whether this simply reflects the absence of sedation with zimelidine, or an effect on sleep as such, is presently unclear. Zimelidine appears to be effective and well tolerated in elderly patients. Thus, some aspects of the drug's profile (e.g. apparent low incidence of anticholinergic effects or drowsiness) may offer potential advantages in some patients; however, clinical experience with zimelidine to date has been limited, and further well designed studies are required to define the role of the drug more clearly in treating depressive illness compared with other antidepressants, and particularly to define whether some types of depression may respond more readily to zimelidine than to other antidepressants.
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PMID:Zimelidine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. 621 40

One hundred and fifty Auckland mothers of preschoolers were interviewed about their mental health, child rearing problems and the medical care sought for these. There was a high level of satisfaction with motherhood, and with the quantity and quality of family medical care. However, stress and psychosomatic symptoms were common, though frank depression unusual. Only occasionally was medical care sought and psychotropic drugs prescribed for these problems which were handled by stoicism, extended family and community support. Sleep problems in children were common and often resulted in medical consultation and prescription of antihistamines. Except in this respect there was no evidence of medical overtones.
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PMID:Maternal health and health care in 150 Auckland mothers. 698 47

The effects of doxepin hydrochloride (Adapin) on sleep and depression were evaluated in nine depressed patients with documented sleep difficulties. All subjects were screened for depression on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale. Sleep disturbance was measured by all-night polysomnography. Doxepin in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day significantly improved sleep efficiency, as evidenced by decreased sleep latency and increased total sleep time. After 2 weeks of treatment, REM latency and percent REM time were dramatically changed. Maximal improvement in depression occurred after 2 weeks of doxepin therapy and at the 150 mg dose.
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PMID:The effects of doxepin HCl on sleep and depression. 711 45

Behavior problems are common in persons with dementia and often lead to caregiver stress and institutionalization for the patient. In most cases, however, these problems are amenable to treatment. Although drug therapy may be necessary to manage some behavior problems, nonpharmacologic strategies may work as well, if not better, with fewer adverse effects. Support and education for the patient's family are the cornerstone of management. At some point, most demented patients display agitation. Appropriate, often nonpharmacologic management of agitation may include establishing a "no-fail" environment, limiting goals and providing reassurance. While delusions and hallucinations are also common, they seldom lead to agitation. Sleep disturbance and wandering are particularly upsetting to the patient's family, but these problems often respond to nonpharmacologic strategies, such as restricting naps and providing more cues about time and place. Depression, which occurs in many demented patients, is an especially treatable cause of disability.
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PMID:Management of behavior problems in the demented patient. 863 98

Sleep problems are a common concern of parents with toddlers. Various reasons have been put forward as to the possible causes and maintenance of sleep disruption. These have included neurophysical differences in the child, perinatal differences such as a long labour and depression and anxiety in the parents themselves resulting in adverse effects on the child's sleep patterns. However, recent research has indicated that a child's temperamental style may be a possible causal factor as to whether the child will present its parents with a sleep problem. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate the importance of temperament as a predictor of whether children may or may not have sleep problems. Environmental factors are controlled as far as possible by selecting toddlers with and without sleep problems from very similar environments. Case studies are also introduced to further illuminate other possible associated factors such as parental handling. The results from this study found significant differences in the temperament profiles of children with and without sleep problems. Children with reported sleep problems were more likely to obtain a 'intermediate high to difficult' profile. Various findings from a group of toddlers with and without sleep problems are discussed in this paper together with implications of the findings and recommendations for further research.
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PMID:Sleep disruption in young children. The influence of temperament on the sleep patterns of pre-school children. 755 4

Whereas early formulations of addictive behaviour placed great emphasis upon withdrawal as a defining feature, current views focus more upon compulsive use as its central characteristic. However, the withdrawal syndrome continues to occupy an important place in the study of the addictions. It is interesting both in its own right and in relation to the development and maintenance of the compulsive use of drugs. Despite the attention devoted to withdrawal phenomena over many years, precise demarcation of the withdrawal symptoms associated with drugs of dependence has proved difficult to achieve. Withdrawal from all drugs of dependence appears to lead to mood disturbances although the extent to which these are due to the pharmacological actions of the drugs or to other physiological or psychological processes is unclear. Sleep disturbance is also common, although again direct links with the pharmacological actions of the withdrawn drug are yet to be established. Withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines and opiates is often associated with somatic symptoms. In the former two cases, these can involve sweating, tremor and occasionally seizures. Perceptual disturbances have also been reported. In the case of opiates, flu-like symptoms are often reported, including muscle aches and gastric disturbances. In the case of nicotine, heightened irritability has been established as a direct pharmacological withdrawal effect. Characterization of stimulant withdrawal is still uncertain. There is little evidence of somatic symptoms but depression may occur as a result of a physiological rebound. There is also uncertainty over what role pharmacological withdrawal symptoms play in maintaining compulsive use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Overview: a comparison of withdrawal symptoms from different drug classes. 784 60

Depression is a common condition in the geriatric population. A retrospective study of 30 elderly patients suffering from neurotic depression, who were admitted consecutively to a general hospital psychiatric ward, showed a predominance of females (n = 21) over males (n = 9) and young-old (65 to 74 years, n = 22) more than old-old (75 years or over, n = 8). Their ages ranged from 65 to 85 years with a mean of 71.6 years, SD 5.5 years. Co-existing physical disorders were present in every patient, the average being 1.8 per patient, and half (n = 15) had two or more physical disorders. Cardiovascular diseases (e.g. ischaemic heart disease and hypertension) and diabetes mellitus were present in about seven-eighths of the patients. The two commonest symptoms were low mood (n = 18, 60%) and vague somatic complaints inexplicable by any physical pathology (n = 19, 63%). Sleep disturbance bothered 12 patients (40%), while nine (30%) had attempted suicide. Twenty patients (67%) were prescribed antidepressants and 13 (43%) received benzodiazepines in low dosages, mainly as hypnotics. Electroconvulsive therapy was necessary for two patients with high suicidal risk. The mean duration of admission was 15.3 days, SD 12.9 days.
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PMID:Neurotic depression in the elderly. 794 52


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