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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was performed in order to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of psychiatric disorders among infertile and fertile women attending Vali-e-Asr Hospital. A total of 150 fertile women from Vali-e-Asr Reproduction Health Research Center and fertile women from the Gynecology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital were chosen by consecutive sampling. Data included demographic information, SCL-90-R, and a semi-structured questionnaire about stress factors. Results showed that 44% of infertile and 28.7% of fertile women had a psychiatric disorder (P < 0.001). Using the SCL-90-R test, the highest mean scores in infertile women were found to be on the paranoid ideation, depression and interpersonal sensitivity scales, and lowest scores were found on the psychoticism and phobic anxiety scales. The interpersonal sensitivity, depression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideas and psychoticism scales were significantly different between infertile and fertile women (P < 0.05). Infertile women were at higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders if they were housewives rather than working women (P = 0.001). Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among infertile women, it seems that gynecologists, psychiatrists and psychologists should be more attentive to identify and treat these disorders. The use of psychotherapy, especially supportive methods, should be considered as part of the general therapeutic framework of infertility.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders among infertile and fertile women. 1902 8

Pathological dissociation has been extensively studied in many countries; however, little is known about it in Portugal. This research examined the role of demographic variables and mental health on dissociation in Portugal. We assessed 505 participants from 6 samples consisting of dissociative patients (n = 37), conversive patients (n = 26), somaticizing patients (n = 59), posttraumatic stress disorder patients (n = 50), other psychiatric patients (n = 174), and nonclinical subjects (n = 159). Dissociation was measured by Portuguese versions of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire; the LEAD procedure and subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory indicated mental health. Pathological psychological dissociation was significantly more frequent in women, in the youngest of the participants, and in those with less education. Multiple logistic regression revealed that psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and depression symptoms made both men and women more vulnerable to psychological dissociation. Furthermore, psychological dissociation was more probable in men having symptoms of obsession and paranoid ideation and in women having symptoms of psychoticism and paranoid ideation. Pathological somatoform dissociation was significantly more probable in women with less education. Moreover, somatoform dissociation was more likely in women with somatization symptoms and more likely in men with symptoms of somatization and psychoticism. Even though significant associations were found, causal relations could not be established because the study was cross-sectional.
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PMID:Demographic and mental health factors associated with pathological dissociation in a Portuguese sample. 1904 84

The study investigated the capacity of alexithymic personality features, in combination with temperament and character traits, age and gender, to predict psychopathological symptoms in patients with major depression. Consecutive patients (n=339) were investigated using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (HDRS, HARS). The amount of variance in SCL-90-R subscales and Hamilton scales predicted by TAS-20, TCI, age and gender was calculated by linear regression analyses. The 'difficulties identifying feeling' facet of alexithymia appeared to be a significant predictor of all dimensions of psychopathology. Among TCI scales harm avoidance was the strongest predictor for somatization, phobic anxiety, and anxiety (SCL-90-R, HARS); low self-directedness was the strongest predictor for obsessionality, depression (SCL-90-R, HDRS), interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism; and low cooperativeness was the strongest predictor for hostility and paranoia. In conclusion, many psychopathological symptoms in major depression are associated with difficulties in the identification of emotions. Relative to alexithymia, Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality could predict psychopathological symptoms in a distinct and meaningful manner. The TAS-20 and the TCI are useful questionnaires for a better understanding of the relationship between psychopathology and personality in major depression.
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PMID:Alexithymia, temperament and character as predictors of psychopathology in patients with major depression. 1908 77

This paper presents a series of case studies to explore the understanding, acceptance and value of compassionate mind training (CMT) with psychotic voice hearers. We were interested in the degree to which such people are able to access and feel the positive emotions of 'warmth' and 'contentment' to become more self-compassionate. We also explored how CMT affected participants' hostile voices, their levels of anxiety, depression, paranoia and self-criticism. Participants were invited to offer suggestions for tailoring this approach for voice hearers. Results showed decreases for all participants in depression, psychoticism, anxiety, paranoia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and interpersonal sensitivity. All participants' auditory hallucinations became less malevolent, less persecuting and more reassuring.
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PMID:Compassionate mind training with people who hear malevolent voices: a case series report. 1911 33

Questionnaires were administered to a large sample of subjects (1363 Chinese college students), to evaluate the mediating risk factors in the defense system of depression, including personality, coping skills, interpersonal context and family environment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze a total of 12 variables in order to understand how they interact with each other. Eysenck's Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Psychoticism personality types act as the essential parts of the model, both directly and indirectly impacting depression. Coping styles are the mediators that regulate the effects of personality and family environment on depression. Family environment has only indirect effects through personality and positive coping style. Interpersonal context may not have had a significant correlation with depression, but was influenced by family environment and had a correlation with positive coping style. According to the results, therapies based on personality adjustment, family environment and coping styles of college students are greatly recommended among college students in order to lessen the chances of or to prevent depression. The present results may advance our understanding of depression etiology in young Chinese adults and provide suggestions of factors that should be taken into account in the evaluation, treatment and even the prevention of depression.
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PMID:A structural equation model of depression and the defense system factors: a survey among Chinese college students. 1916 28

An aim of the present study was to clinically evaluate mental changes in patients admitted for extracapsular cataract extraction. Eighty patients (27 male and 53 female), mean age 72,2+/-7,2 years, were studied. A clinical-psychopathological examination was conducted. Type of disease attitude, Eysenck neuroticism and psychoticism scores, Taylor anxiety and Beck depression levels mere studied before and after the surgery. Most of patients - 56 (70%) had mental disorders in the pre-surgery period. They were stratified into 3 groups by syndromes. Twenty-seven patients (33,7%) had asthenic-depressive disorders, 16 (20%) - anxiety-phobic disorders and 13 (16,2%) - anxiety-depressive disorders. These disorders disappeared after the surgery in most patients. The greater stability of psychopathological appearances was characteristic of patients with anxiety-depressive symptoms. These patients also demonstrated personality changes (the higher level of neuroticism).
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PMID:[Mental disorders in patients admitted for cataract surgery]. 1977 Aug 29

We aimed to explore the association between age of onset of gambling problems and current psychopathological and clinical status, personality profile and therapeutic outcome in a sample of pathological gamblers. A total of 904 consecutive pathological gambling patients were administered several instruments about gambling behavior, psychopathology and personality. They received a 4-month cognitive-behavioral group treatment. Information of dropouts and relapses during treatment was registered. Older age of onset of gambling problems was associated with higher general psychopathology (SCL-90-R Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism, Depression; P < 0.015). Younger age of onset was related to greater severity of pathological gambling (P < 0.015), higher novelty seeking, and lower self-directedness (P < 0.015). No statistically significant association was found between age of onset and relapse and dropouts during treatment. Age of onset of gambling problems seems to influence the clinical presentation of pathological gambling but not treatment outcome.
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PMID:Age of onset in pathological gambling: clinical, therapeutic and personality correlates. 2006 94

This study proposes a psychometric approach to assess the General Factor of Personality (GFP) to explain the whole personality. This approach defends the existence of one basic factor that represents the overall personality. The General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) is presented to measure the basic, combined trait of the complete personality. The questionnaire includes 20 items and is constituted by two scales with 10 items each one: the Extraversion Scale (ES) and the Introversion Scale (IS). The GFPQ shows adequate internal consistency and construct validity, while the relationships with the personality factors of other models and with psychopathology are as expected. It correlates positively and significantly with Extraversion (E) and Psychoticism (P), and negatively with Neuroticism (N) of Eysenck's EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire); it correlates positively and significantly with the Sensation Seeking Scaled (SSS) of Zuckerman, and is inside the expected direction with Sensitivity to Reward (SR) and Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), which represent the approach and avoidance trends of behavior, respectively. It not only relates negatively with the personality disorders of the anxiety spectrum, but also with the emotional disorders in relation to anxiety and depression, and it relates positively with the antisocial personality disorder.
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PMID:General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ): only one factor to understand personality? 2048 Jun 75

Elevated psychological distress during HIV infection has been consistently correlated with negative HIV-related health outcomes in studies conducted in various regions of the world. This study was conducted to compare the nature and range of psychological distress among HIV-infected individuals who had sought mental health care as part of their HIV care in Kenya and the United States. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was completed by 234 individuals with HIV in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and 284 in Eldoret, Kenya. The US-based sample expressed markedly higher levels of psychological distress symptoms on the anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, and psychoticism dimensions, as well as the overall global severity index. Substantial proportions of both the US and Kenya cohorts expressed higher levels of somatization and paranoid ideation that suggested further psychological evaluation. This study revealed psychological distress expression varied drastically among individuals who self-enrolled into HIV-related mental health care within two different care infrastructures.
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PMID:A cross-cultural comparison of psychological distress among individuals living with HIV in Atlanta, Georgia, and Eldoret, Kenya. 2053 Apr 70

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system typically affecting young adults. Psychological coping has proved to be crucially important for adjusting to the adaptive demands of chronic diseases, and in the last few years it has received growing interest in MS. A common finding in the literature is that MS patients tend to adopt dysfunctional avoiding strategies and to rely less on task-oriented and positive attitude strategies, which represent a better adjustment to disease-related challenges. Moreover, the studies show higher psychoticism in MS subjects compared with the general population, and higher levels of depression and anxiety that can contribute to lower QoL perception. In our study including 63 MS patients cognitive functioning did not seem to influence the type of coping. However, subjects with impairment on tasks that assess sustained attention and some aspects of executive function were less prone to adopt positive coping strategies. Cognitive and emotional problems should be carefully monitored, providing prompt diagnosis and treatment as appropriate.
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PMID:Coping strategies, cognitive impairment, psychological variables and their relationship with quality of life in multiple sclerosis. 2064 Apr 68


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