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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigated the relationship between the Depression and Psychoticism Wiggins content scales of the MMPI and length of hospitalization on a psychiatric unit. Ss were 45 (23 males, 22 females) inpatients who were referred for psychological evaluation. The best single predictor of length of hospitalization was the Depression scale (p less than .001). The Psychoticism scale did not predict length of stay when used independently or in conjunction with the Depression scale. The content of an individual's self-description appears to be useful clinical information; future research was recommended.
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PMID:The relationship between two Wiggins Content Scales and length of hospitalization. 706 71

Twenty consecutive patients undergoing gastric bypass for morbid obesity were evaluated psychologically preoperatively and postoperatively by Minnesota Mulitphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) assessment, a Problem Index designed for the study, and semistructured interviews. Patients were classified into categories based on the extent of psychopathology demonstrated preoperatively, and into categories based on the presence or absence of postoperative complications. Eighty percent of the patients continue to do well or improve psychologically. Patients with postoperative complications showed no significant change in psychological status. Patients who did not experience postoperative complications showed significant improvement in depression, hysteria, poor morale, psychoticism, phobias, and health concerns. Psychological changes with surgery did not correlate with weight loss. All patients with complications were unmarried and more likely to be moderately or severely disturbed on preoperative MMPI assessment.
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PMID:Gastric bypass for morbid obesity: preoperative and postoperative psychological evaluation of patients. 735 Aug 83

The authors investigate the appearance of psychogenic headaches among 150 displaced persons of both sexes, average age 43 years with specific prepared questionnaire (Incidental Report Interview with questions important for the culture of examinees), neurological and psychiatric checkups. Diagnosis of headache was established according to the criteria of the Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. In the group of 150 displaced persons the authors have found 106 (70%), 31 (30%) among males and 75 (70%) among females) psychogenic headaches. Psychogenic headache appeared in 53% of the male cases and was connected with psychoticism (1.7%), conversion (8.3%) and depression (43%), and in 81% of the female cases expression of conversion (4.3%) or a follower of anxiety (10.7%) and depression (66%). Headache is together with anxiety and depression most frequently found in the age groups 31-40 and 51-60 years, among married individuals (76%), and among those with secondary school education (86%). In the group of psychogenic headaches, 13 (42%) males and 23 (30%) females had elements of muscle contraction (tension) headaches, and 9 (29%) males and 8 (10%) females, mainly from the groups 31-40 and 51-60 years with lower educational level had elements of combined vascular and tension headaches. There was a positive correlation between the employment before exile, unemployment in exile, the loss of experience in changing the place of living, leaving home and country under pressure and in peril of death and appearance and intensity of psychogenic headaches.
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PMID:[Headache in displaced persons from east Slavonia]. 771 8

Individual differences in psychopathology, personality, and nicotine responsivity and their biological bases are evaluated as mechanisms potentially mediating smoking heritability. Smokers are more likely to be high in neurotic traits (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger) and in social alienation (psychoticism, impulsivity, unsocialized sensation-seeking, low conscientiousness, low agreeableness) and low in achievement/socioeconomic status. Psychological and biological mechanisms putatively mediating these associations are reviewed. It is concluded that a number of relatively indirect and complex processes, as well as more direct (e.g., self-medication for psychopathology, nicotine sensitivity), mediate the inheritance of smoking behavior.
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PMID:Personality, psychopathology, and nicotine response as mediators of the genetics of smoking. 773 55

Clinical, electroencephalographic and biochemical variables were measured in 40 patients who attempted suicide and 27 age-matched controls. Patients had significantly higher scores for depression, hopelessness, neuroticism and psychoticism and lower scores for extraversion than controls. They also had significantly lower contingent negative variation (CNV), higher postimperative negative variation and lower whole blood serotonin values than controls. Within the patient group, vulnerability to parasuicide, as determined by previous or repeated acts of deliberate self-harm, was associated with higher scores for hopelessness and suicide intent, lower scores for extraversion and decreased CNV. Factor analysis revealed significant correlations between psychological variables and auditory evoked potential amplitudes for the vulnerable group. A profile of variables associated with increased risk of self-harm in patients presenting with attempted suicide is proposed from our data.
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PMID:Biological correlates of deliberate self-harm behaviour: a study of electroencephalographic, biochemical and psychological variables in parasuicide. 787 34

A sample of 135 Vietnam veteran inpatients with combat-related PTSD was sorted into three groups, depending upon the presence of concurrent psychiatric disorders: Depression (n = 68), Psychosis (n = 31), and Other (n = 36). Pairwise comparisons were made on the MMPI with respect to the validity indicators, clinical scales, four relevant Harris-Lingoes subscales, the Psychoticism content scale, and the MMPI-PTSD subscale. Results indicate variations in scale elevations as a function of comorbid diagnosis. Various items and scales appear to differentiate the Psychosis group due to greater psychopathology. In general, the results spotlight the heterogeneous aspects that comorbidity brings to PTSD assessment.
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PMID:MMPI profiles in PTSD as a function of comorbidity. 798 1

Thirty-two consecutively admitted females with bulimia nervosa (purging type) according to DSM-IV and additional impulsive behaviours (multi-impulsive bulimia (MIB)) and 32 age-matched female controls with DSM-IV bulimia nervosa (purging type) (uni-impulsive bulimia (UIB)) were assessed longitudinally on admission and at discharge following in-patient therapy and at a 2-year follow-up. Multi-impulsive bulimics were defined as presenting at least three of the six of the following impulsive behaviours in their life-time in addition to their bulimic symptoms at admission: (a) suicidal attempts, (b) severe autoaggression, (c) shop lifting (other than food), (d) alcohol abuse, (e) drug abuse, or (f) sexual promiscuity. Multi-impulsive bulimics were more frequently separated or divorced, had less schooling and held less-skilled jobs. Except for interoceptive awareness (EDI), which was more disturbed in multi-impulsive bulimics, there were no differences concerning scales measuring eating disturbances and related areas. Multi-impulsive bulimics showed more general psychopathology--anxiety, depression, anger and hostility, psychoticism--differed in several personality scales from uni-impulsive bulimics (e.g. increased excitability and anger/hostility) and had overall a less favourable course of illness. Multi-impulsive bulimics also received more in- and out-patient therapy previous to the index treatment and during the follow-up period. The data support the notion that 'multi-impulsive bulimia' or 'multi-impulsive disorder' should be classified as a distinct diagnostic group on axis I or that an 'Impulsive Personality Disorder' should be introduced on axis II. The development of more effective treatment for multi-impulsive bulimia is warranted.
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PMID:Course of multi-impulsive bulimia. 799 41

This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress and unhealthy family functioning among primary caregivers of 62 adult outpatients with traumatic brain injury, using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Approximately half of the caregivers reported elevated distress as indicated by scores on the BSI General Stress Index. Elevations on the Anxiety scale were evident among one-third of the sample, and one-fourth demonstrated elevations on the Depression subscale. Elevated scores on the Paranoid Ideation and Psychoticism scales suggested that feelings of burden and alienation were commonly reported. As indicated by the FAD, caregivers showed greater levels of unhealthy functioning relative to published norms for non-patient and medical patient samples, but showed better functioning than psychiatric samples. Spouses were significantly more likely to report elevated depression scores compared to parents. There was also a trend for spouses to report greater unhealthy family functioning than parents. Findings are consistent with those reported by European researchers. Experience indicates that the BSI and FAD are potentially valuable clinical and research tools.
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PMID:Primary caregivers' psychological status and family functioning after traumatic brain injury. 800 78

The precise interrelationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depression (MD) remains unclear. To elucidate this further, we studied the characteristics of BPD in an unselected sample of 103 depressed subjects. All subjects were evaluated with structured diagnostic instruments. We contrasted three groups (MD plus BPD, MD plus a non-BPD, and MD plus no personality disorder) across several domains (characteristics of the depressive disorder, psychometric scales, axes I and II comorbidity, early environmental indices, family psychiatric history, and treatment response). Depressed subjects with BPD had significantly earlier onset of depression, dense axes I and II comorbidity, and higher prevalence of conduct disorder, and were characterized by elevated psychoticism and anger-hostility scores. In most other respects, however, depressed subjects with BPD were not strikingly distinct from other groups of depressed subjects.
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PMID:Borderline personality disorder in major depression. 808 80

The psychological repercussions in drug abusing individuals of their participation in non-treatment residential drug abuse research protocols have been uncertain. To study this, the average raw scores of the Symptom-Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90R) at the time of recruiting and discharge (40.2 +/- 15.6 days later) was studied at the Addiction Research Center of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA-ARC), in Baltimore, Maryland, in a sample of 233 drug abusers seeking no treatment. There was significant reduction in symptomatology (p < .01) between recruiting and discharge for Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism, and Total Scores. These findings suggest that participation of drug abusers in non-treatment residential studies is safe and may improve their psychological status, which may be a therapeutic outcome of disengaging individuals from their drug environment and offering a safe and structured milieu.
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PMID:Reduction of psychopathology among individuals participating in non-treatment drug abuse residential studies. 820 78


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