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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The psychological characteristics of 21 patients suffering from chronic anal pain were studied. They underwent a clinical interview and completed the Eysenck personality questionnaire, the Zung self-rating depression scale and an analogue scale for the assessment of perceived pain. Data derived from the self-rating scales were compared with those obtained from a matched control group afflicted with fissure-in-ano. The pain patients reported higher scores for neuroticism, psychoticism, depression and perceived pain than the controls. Fifty percent of the experimental group had suffered prior to the onset of pain from depressive disturbances, and 11 subjects reported at the clinical interview somatic symptoms which usually accompany depression. These results support the hypothesis that the pain symptom in some patients with chronic anal pain could represent the manifestation of an underlying depressive disturbance.
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PMID:Psychological findings in chronic anal pain. 356 45

This study examined the relationship between personality factors and depression in subjects who may have a familial vulnerability to depression (i.e. first-degree relatives of depressed patients). Four groups comprised our study sample: relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression; relatives who had experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently well; relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently depressed; and relatives who had experienced a past history of depression and were currently depressed. Of the four personality characteristics measured (Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Lie), the only significant effects between groups appeared to be attributable to Neuroticism (N). The strongest association was between current illness and N. There was also a tendency for subjects with a past history of depression to have an inflated N score. However, this appeared to be associated with the presence of current depressive symptomatology. Our findings indicate that when current symptomatology is taken into account Neuroticism does not seem to reflect the trait of liability to depression, but is strongly associated with the state of being depressed.
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PMID:Neuroticism in familial depression. 357 70

A variety of personality traits and psychological symptom states have been reported to be associated with peptic ulcer disease. In the present study, male patients with confirmed duodenal or gastric ulcer(s) are compared with patient and non-patient control groups in terms of Type A behaviour, the Eysenck personality dimensions, hostility, state and trait anxiety, and depression. By comparison with cardiac patients, the peptic ulcer groups obtained lower Type A scores but were similar on the other variables. By comparison with age and sex matched community controls. GU patients obtained higher trait anxiety and psychoticism scores while the DU group had higher state anxiety levels. The implications of these findings in terms of the role of psychological factors in the aetiology of peptic ulcer disease are discussed.
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PMID:Type A behaviour and other psychological factors in peptic ulcer disease. 362 86

The Rosenberg Self-esteem scale was translated into Persian and 12 Iranian bilingual judges confirmed the soundness of translation. The psychometric properties of the Persian version of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were studied in two samples of Iranian college students separately. Sample I consisted of 232 Iranian students in American universities, and Sample II comprised 305 Iranian students in Iranian universities. Criterion measures of loneliness, depression, anxiety, neuroticism, psychoticism, misanthropy, locus of control, tendency to dissimulate, and measures of relationship with parents, peers, and academic achievement were obtained. Item-total score correlations and alpha reliabilities supported the internal consistency of the scale. Test-retest reliabilities indicated the stability of the scores, and correlations between scores of the scale, and criterion measures supported the concurrent validity of the Rosenberg scale. Factor analysis of the Rosenberg scores confirmed the unidimensionality of the scale.
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PMID:Psychometric characteristics and dimensionality of a Persian version of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. 368 62

This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism, phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to limit the detection of depression.
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PMID:Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap. 370 50

Psychological correlates of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease were assessed in a group of somewhat older patients with ulcer disease identified by endoscopy. Associations between both ulcer types and symptom measures (anxiety and depression) seemed only to reflect severity or chronicity of gastrointestinal symptoms or the impending endoscopy procedure. Associations with 'trait' psychological indices may be of causal significance. Duodenal ulcer patients had higher 'introversion' and 'psychoticism' scores (on the EPQ) than controls, while gastric ulcer patients had higher psychoticism scores and 'trait anxiety' scores. These findings could not be attributed to confounding variables. When the two ulcer groups were compared, the gastric ulcer group had significantly higher neuroticism, psychoticism and hostility scores which were not attributable to confounding variables. The higher depression scores in gastric ulcer patients, however, simply reflected the greater chronicity of their physical symptoms. The groups did not differ significantly on measures of trait anxiety, tension, introversion or Type A behaviour.
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PMID:Psychological correlates of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. 372 9

The rate of repeat abortions in Singapore has risen from 10% of all abortions in 1975 to 42% in 1982. This study sought to identify psychosocial characteristics of 100 Chinese women 15-44 years of age who requested a repeat abortion; 100 antenatal patients and 100 1st-time abortees, matched with subjects for age and race, were used as controls. There were no significant differences between cases and controls in most of the variables analyzed. Educational and socioeconomic status, personality components (extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism), and mood were similar in women from all 3 groups. However, repeat abortees had more prior pregnancies and more living children. Repeat abortees had an average of 4.27 prior pregnancies and 1.94 living children compared with 2.07 pregnancies and 0.88 living children among antenatal patients and 2.67 pregnancies and 1.52 living children among 1st-time abortees. Contraceptive methods reported most commonly among repeat abortees included a combination of methods (27%), condom (21%), and rhythm (15%); these were the 3 methods most frequently reported by 1st-time abortees as well. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was administered to all abortion patients before abortion and 6 weeks after the procedure. The mean score before abortion was 39.04 among 1st-time abortees and 41.25 among repeat abortees--well below the mean of 60 found among clinically depressed patients. 6 weeks after the procedure, the depression score had declined to 34.46 among 1st-time abortees and to 35.14 among repeat abortees.
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PMID:Psychosocial aspects of repeat abortions in Singapore--a preliminary report. 647

MMPI (Form R) profiles of psychiatric inpatients (N = 45) meeting DSM-III criteria for borderline personality disorder were compared with chronic schizophrenic inpatients (N = 48) and with inpatients with acute psychotic illness (N = 20). Profile shape was similar among the three groups, although the borderline sample showed significantly higher elevations on four of the 10 clinical scales--Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, and Psychasthenia--when compared to the chronic schizophrenic cohorts. The borderline sample showed only one significant deviation on the clinical scales when compared to the acute psychotic sample as evidenced by a higher elevation on the Psychopathic Deviate scale. Clinically, the borderline MMPI responses suggest features of irritability, hostility, and resentfulness. On the validity scales, the borderline sample showed a significantly lower score on the L scale when compared to both comparison groups, although all of the groups' L scale scores were within conventional limits. While significant differences between groups did not emerge on the F scale, the borderline sample attained a clinically elevated score suggestive of weakened ego defenses and unconventional thinking. Analysis was also performed of a composite measure of psychoticism probability (the Goldberg Index) between groups. While the borderline and acute psychotic samples showed Goldberg indices suggestive of increasing likelihood for psychotic illness, the chronic schizophrenic group yielded a Goldberg Index significantly greater than both of the other groups, thus confirming the validity of the hypothesis. Finally, the MMPI borderline profiles were also compared to previously published norms of borderline outpatients and veteran borderline inpatients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:MMPI characteristics of borderline personality inpatients. 650 54

This study tested whether the symptom dimension subscales derived for the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) by factor analysis could be replicated in a new sample. It was administered to 442 veterans undergoing psychiatric treatment at a VA psychiatric outpatient clinic. Factor analysis using the principal-components method yielded a factor structure different from those previously reported for other populations. The first factor extracted, Depression, explained 37% of the variance of the entire instrument, or more than eight times the variance explained by the second factor. Only five of the nine reported SCL-90 symptom subscales emerged in this study; the Anxiety and Psychoticism subscales disappeared, and the Paranoia and Interpersonal Sensitivity subscales merged. In this population the instrument seems to measure a single global distress factor instead of nine independent symptom subscales as reported previously. This finding was corroborated by the fact that depressed, anxious, and schizophrenic patients showed no differences in SCL-90 symptom profile shapes, although they did differ in overall symptom intensity.
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PMID:Factor structure and discriminant validity of the SCL-90 in a veteran psychiatric population. 662 Jan 8

Hypothesized that in a multivariate statistical model, selected personality variables, depression, anxiety, neuroticism, psychoticism, misanthropy, and external locus of control, could positively predict loneliness, and self-esteem and extraversion could negatively predict loneliness scores. Two groups of Ss were studied independently. Ss in Group I were 232 Iranian college students (156 males, 76 females) who were studying in American colleges. Group II consisted of 305 Iranian students (168 males, 137 females) who were studying in Iranian universities. The obtained results, applying multiple regression analysis, confirmed the directions stated in the research hypothesis. However, some of the selected variables did not contribute significantly in the regression equations. Because of fluctuation of the regression coefficients, due to multicolinearity, the data were subjected to factor analysis. Two factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than unity. Loneliness loaded heavily on the first factor, which was identified as negative attribute of personality.
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PMID:Loneliness as a function of selected personality variables. 705 62


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