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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A factor analysis of the 90-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, performed on the pretreatment self-ratings of nonpsychotic outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety, revealed the presence of 8 clinically meaningful factors. These eight orthogonal factors each contained at least 5 items with loadings above 0.40 and explained 4.5% or more of the matrix variance. They were labeled Somatization, Phobic-Anxiety, Retarded Depression, Agitated Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anger-Hostility and Psychoticism.
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PMID:The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)--factors derived from the HSCL-90. 16 84

The personality of deaf people was studied within the framework of the Eysenck concept of personality. Data gathered with the Personality Inventory AUPI could be evaluated in 66 deaf people (43 connatal or early acquired deafness, 25 late deafness, i.e. after full language development). The consistency of the AUPI Scales in the normal population about corresponds to that in the deaf people. -- Those who went deaf "early" showed a statistically significant higher degree of extraversion than the normal population. There was no significant difference in neuroticism (emotional lability). "Early" deaf people had the highest value of psychoticism; and those who developed deafness "late" also differed significantly from the normal population. Psychoticism is--according to Baumann and Dittrich reactive aggressivity and depression (reactive to frustration).
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PMID:[Extraversion (e), neuroticism (n), and psychoticism (p) in deaf people (author's transl)]. 118 Jun 92

The relation of specific MMPI scores to attention, concentration, and memory was assessed in an inpatient psychiatric sample diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria as having schizophrenia, chronic undifferentiated type (n = 22); schizophrenia, paranoid type (n = 17); and schizoaffective disorder (n = 20). MMPI indices that are used widely to infer cognitive efficiency--including Scales 2 (Depression), 8 (Schizophrenia), SC-PT, D4 (Mental Dullness), SC2A (Lack of Ego Mastery, Cognitive), PSY (Psychoticism) and ORG (Organic Symptoms)--were investigated in relation to actual performance on Digit Span and subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS, Russell's Revision). Weak correlations emerged (maximum r = .31, p less than .05), which suggests that scores on these MMPI measures may not provide a reliable basis for inferring attention and memory functioning.
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PMID:MMPI interpretation of psychiatric inpatients: caution in making inferences about concentration and memory. 135 92

This study presents data on dimensional structure, reliability, convergent and divergent validity of the Padua Inventory (PI). In a sample (n = 430) of normal Dutch subjects. The dimensional structure and the strength of the factors were comparable to those found in the Italian sample. The reliability of the PI was found to be satisfactory. As hypothesized substantial correlations were found between the PI and related scales of the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and between the PI and the subscales Sensitivity, Hostility and Depression of the revised version of the Symptom Checklist. Low correlations were found between the PI on the one side and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire revised Extraversion, Psychoticism and Social Desirability scale on the other side. Finally, the mean score of the PI differs across the Italian, American and Dutch samples. This is of theoretical interest and deserves further study.
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PMID:Obsessions and compulsions: dimensional structure, reliability, convergent and divergent validity of the Padua Inventory. 141 88

The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) has often been used in studies of alcoholic populations. Based on findings reported in the literature and data gathered on 712 alcoholics in treatment, this paper investigates the general trends in the responses of alcoholics to the SCL-90-R. On global measures as well as on each of the symptom scales, the scores of alcoholic groups reveal a symptomatology two to five times as severe as that observed in the general population. The Psychoticism dimension shows the most marked divergence with the general population. In almost each of the study groups, the Depression Scale registers the highest scores, followed by Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Anxiety.
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PMID:Profiles of alcoholics according to the SCL-90-R: a confirmative study. 144 61

Twenty women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 20 women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were compared on responses to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Multivariate analyses showed no significant differences between bulimic and OCD women on the MMPI, although a greater number of bulimic women showed significant elevations on several of the clinical scales. Analyses of SCL-90-R profiles indicated higher scores on somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychoticism in the BN sample. Bulimic women did not differ significantly from OCD women on either obsessive-compulsive measures or other measures of anxiety. Similarities and differences in symptom profiles between these two groups are discussed, as well as their implications for alternative treatment approaches for BN.
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PMID:Comparative psychopathology of women with bulimia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 164 68

The activity of dapiprazole, clonidine and a placebo were studied to reduce abstinence symptoms and modify the psychological outline during a withdrawal period in heroin addicts. Forty heroin addicts were treated in a double-blind design and, within two weeks, relapse in heroin use was higher in the placebo group (8/10) in comparison with the dapiprazole (1/20) and clonidine (0/10) groups. During treatment clonidine was able to reduce depression and paranoid-ideas scores, whereas dapiprazole reduced depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, obsessiveness and psychoticism. Side-effects were mild and it may be concluded that both dapiprazole and clonidine are effective and safe drugs for the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Dapiprazole compared with clonidine and a placebo in detoxification of opiate addicts. 187 94

Compared stress, coping, and psychological adjustment in single (divorced or separated) and married mothers and their young adolescent children. Single mothers reported more daily hassles related to economic, family, and personal health problems, and more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychoticism. Single mothers also reported using more coping strategies related to accepting responsibility and positive reappraisal. After controlling for level of family income, differences in family hassles and coping strategies remained significant. The two groups did not differ on subtypes of symptoms after controlling for income, but single mothers still reported more total psychological symptoms. No differences were found between children in these two family constellations on maternal reports of emotional/behavioral problems or on children's self-reported emotional/behavioral problems, stressful events, or coping. Implications of these findings for adjustment to life in single-parent families are discussed.
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PMID:Stress, coping, and adjustment in mothers and young adolescents in single- and two-parent families. 207 90

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain manifest behavioral, experimental, and psychological characteristics similar to patients with other chronic pain illnesses. The Chronic Pain Battery (CPB), a multidimensional assessment tool for chronic pain patients, was used to compare several important variables between 78 TM disorder (TMD) patients and 98 non-TMD chronic pain patients. The study found that chronic TMD patients had lower "usual" pain intensity and suffering levels, fewer vegetative symptoms associated with depression, higher pain tolerance, less impairment of activity, more hope about treatment outcome, lower health care system utilization, but higher reported stress levels than non-TMD chronic pain patients. The two groups manifested no significant differences in use of narcotics, sedatives, and sleeping pills; levels of depression, anxiety, somatization, hostility, or psychoticism; illness behavior reinforcement in their social surroundings; or ratings of problems with work, family, self-esteem, or suicidal impulses. These findings suggest that chronic TMD pain patients (with a symptom duration of over six months) are behaviorally and psychologically similar to non-TMD chronic pain patients, but that they differ in their perceptions of their disorder, rendering them less handicapped by their problems. Psychological, social, and behavioral treatment methods useful for treating chronic pain syndrome may thus also be applied along with dental therapy for optimal treatment of TMD associated with chronic pain.
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PMID:Chronic TM disorder and non-TM disorder pain: a comparison of behavioral and psychological characteristics. 209 86

Over the past three decades, certain clinical factors have been identified as either positive or negative predictors of response to treatment with the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and have been well reviewed in the psychopharmacology literature. The current report is an effort to focus attention on methodologic and clinical issues that have recently been given attention in this area and that may be useful to clinicians and researchers. The specific issues addressed are (a) the implications of the definitions of "response" in studies of predictive factors, (b) the importance of compliance with treatment, (c) the potentially confounding issues of severity of illness and psychoticism in depression, (d) the status of chronicity of illness as a factor in prediction of treatment response, and (e) the possible value of a definition of "atypical depression" for differential selection of treatment.
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PMID:New issues in the prediction of antidepressant response. 219 26


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