Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recently published report (Weitkamp et al., 1981) concludes that a major susceptibility locus for depression is located in the HLA region of chromosome 6. This conclusion was based on increased sharing of HLA haplotypes in affected sib pairs and nonrandom segregation of HLA types and illness in families. However, both of these findings were true only for specific subsamples of the data. Here, we suggest that the criteria used to subdivide the data are not theoretically justified. In addition, we show that we cannot replicate their findings in our own new data. Our data do not support any relationship of HLA type to affective disorders.
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PMID:Relationship of HLA to major affective disorder not supported. 695 98

Intensive cytostatic treatment is associated with severe depression of bone-marrow function, which requires treatment with specific replacement of blood components. Erythrocyte concentrates should be given "pure", without leucocytes and platelets, to prevent rapid alloimmunisation. Different separation techniques (intermittent flow and continuous flow centrifugation, double-bag platelet pheresis) provide platelet concentrates containing 2.0 to 10.0 X 10(11) platelets from a single donor. Immunization against HLA and specific antigens can be minimised by careful donor selection. Effective granulocyte support in granulocytic patients requires large doses of granulocytes given daily to compensate the deficit.
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PMID:[Replacement therapy with blood components in bone-marrow depression due to cytostatic drugs (author's transl)]. 700 66

A family of 6 affective ill siblings is described. Two suffered from bipolar illnesses, 2 from recurrent unipolar illness, and the remainder showed alcoholism, depression and schizo-affective disorder. HLA typing revealed that all the tested members shared the antigens A3 and B7. Because only ill members were available for testing, there was insufficient information in the family to draw any definite conclusion as to whether these antigens were linked to the illness. However, the observation is of some interest in the light of other recent reports which have suggested that these 2 antigens are associated with affective disorder.
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PMID:HLA antigens and affective disorder: a family case report. 720 26

From January 1972 to July 1974, 28 patients with bone marrow depression due to aplastic anemia or cytostatic treatment, were transfused with packed cells and platelet concentrates, both containing 10-20% of the amount of leukocytes present in whole blood. Of these patients, 26 (93%) became refractory to random platelets. Since July 1974, 68 patients have been given red cells filtered through cotton-wool, a procedure which removes over 97% of the leukocytes, and leukocyte-poor platelet suspensions obtained by an additional centrifugation step. Of this latter group, 16 patients (24%) became refractory. Fifty-two recipients were non-refractory to random platelet transfusions after an exposure time of at least 6 weeks and maximally 32 weeks. A possible explanation is that platelets are less immunogenic than leukocytes; on the other hand platelets may not be immunogenic at all with regard to induction of HLA antibodies, and the occurrence of the immunization is purely the result of the contamination with leukocytes in the red cell and platelet preparations.
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PMID:Prevention of platelet refractoriness due to HLA antibodies by administration of leukocyte-poor blood components. 723 44

Various lymphocyte populations/subpopulations--Leu-4+ (CD3+), Leu-2+ (CD8+), CD4+/CD8+ ratio, Leu-14+ (CD22+), Leu-M5+ and HLA-DR+--were studied in 104 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid in different TNM stages by Coulter EPICS flow cytometry preoperatively. For comparison, an age-matched control group of 60 clinically healthy individuals (30 male and 30 female) was used. The mean percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was significantly decreased in T3N0M0 and T4N0M0 stages. In all TNM stages, especially in T3N0M0 and T4N0M0, the CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulation was significantly larger than in the control group. In all TNM stages the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower than that of the control group. The degree of immune imbalance correlated directly with tumor size. The immunosuppression may be one factor in the development of BCC of the eyelid. Age- or genetic-related depression of cell-mediated immunity and increased exposure to carcinogenic agents, especially UV light, may play a part.
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PMID:[Changes in the immune status in patients with basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids of various TNM stages]. 784 38

Major depression is reportedly characterized by increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and by in vivo immune activation. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the relationships between HPA-axis activity and in vivo immune function in depression. Towards this end the following parameters were measured: 24 h urinary cortisol (UC) excretion; basal and post-dexamethasone (DST) plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin (beta END/beta LPH) and dexamethasone concentrations; and leucocyte subsets (i.e. lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+, CD4+CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RO+, CD8+, CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD57-, HLA-DR+, CD25+ T cells, HLA-DR+, CD19+, CD20+, and CD21+ B cells) both pre- and post-DST. Dexamethasone administration (1 mg orally) induced leucocytosis, lymphocytopaenia, monocytopaenia and neutrophilia. HPA-axis non-suppressors exhibited a relative resistance to the enhancing (e.g. neutrophils) or depressant (e.g. lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells) effects of dexamethasone. There were significant correlations between UC excretion and the number of percentage of lymphocytes, monocytes, CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD57- T cells (negatively) and neutrophils (positively). It is concluded that multiple and complex intertwined relationships between HPA-axis hyperactivity and systemic immune stimulation participate in the pathophysiology or pathogenesis of major depression.
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PMID:Multiple reciprocal relationships between in vivo cellular immunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression. 820 82

Recently, it was found that major depression is accompanied by an acute phase (AP) response with increased haptoglobin (Hp) plasma levels and various indices of systemic immune stimulation. The present study has been carried out in order to determine the relationships between hyperhaptoglobinemia and indices of systemic immune activation in severe depression. Toward this end, the authors investigated the relationships between Hp levels and number of leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and activated T lymphocytes (CD25+, HLA-DR+), in depression. Hp plasma levels were significantly higher in major depressed subjects as compared to healthy controls and minor depressives. There was a significant positive correlation between Hp levels and severity of illness. Hp plasma levels showed significant and positive relationships with the absolute number of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, CD25+ and HLA-DR+ T cells. Up to 35% of the variance in Hp levels could be explained by the regression on the number of neutrophils and HLA-DR+ T cells. The results show that hyperhaptoglobinemia in major depression is significantly related to activation of cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Relationships between increased haptoglobin plasma levels and activation of cell-mediated immunity in depression. 829 73

The following paper deals with the current research in hyperthyroidism, with special accent to Graves' disease. Besides severe psychological trauma a breakdown of neurotic defense mechanism on the ground of a special personality structure was thought to be the trigger of the disease. The metabolic changes became the main point of interest. The influence of thyrostatic, surgical and radioactive therapies on psychological symptoms, was investigated. Thereby, the previously anticipated emotional factors became less significant in the aetiology of the disease. A recent study (Paschke 1990) suggests that patient with hyperthyroidism have, even in an euthyrotic state, an increased vulnerability to anxiety provoking situations. At this point it is not clear, due to the retrospective nature of the study, whether the vulnerability exists prior to the unset of the disease or is a result of the metabolic disorder. Both thyroxin and TRH are being successfully used in the treatment of major depression. TRH acts as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system and can be demonstrated in the peripheral lymphocytes. However, the exact mechanisms of action of thyroxin and TRH are still unknown. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease, that can be caused by specific HLA antigens. Thereby, a changed subpopulation of lymphocytes can be demonstrated, as well as there disturbed functions. A correlation between high scores for anxiety and depression on one hand and the occurrence of an abnormal T4/T8 ratio on the other hand, have been reported in a small number of cases (Paschke 1990). The psychological symptoms in hyperthyroidism are similar to the symptomatology of neurotic anxiety and the anxious depressive syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Psychosomatic aspects of hyperthyroidism with special reference to Basedow's disease. An overview]. 837 18

Serial assessment of peripheral blood T and B cell recovery and serum immunoglobulins was performed in 19 children for the first year following BMT and compared with normal values established from healthy children. Immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow was performed in selected cases by Southern blotting of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene. We found no significant differences between T cell-replete or depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Lymphocyte numbers were low until 9 months post-BMT. T cell numbers (CD2, CD3, CD5) were also low until 12 months but B cell numbers (CD19) became normal at 3 months. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were low post-BMT with depression of CD4+ greater and more prolonged than that of CD8+. No overshoot of CD8+ was seen. The principal effect of GVHD or its treatment was further depression of CD4+ cells but with no increase in CD8+; recovery of B cells was also delayed. Recovery of IgG was slow with only six of 11 children reaching an age-adjusted normal level by 1 year, whereas there was more rapid recovery of IgM and IgA. Several children had an increase in lymphocytes of immature appearance in their bone marrow at varying times post-BMT with increased cells of phenotype CD19+, CD10+, HLA-DR+ and TdT+. In each case Southern blotting showed a germline pattern of the IgH indicating a polyclonal early B cell regenerative population.
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PMID:Immune reconstitution after BMT in children. 843 13

To help elucidate the pathogenesis of bacterial infections in alcoholics we documented reticuloendothelial system (RES) function in 14 healthy adults (9 males, 5 females, age: 22 +/- 2.6 years) prior to and following acute alcohol intoxication. Autologous erythrocytes were labelled with Cr51 isotope, tagged with anti-Rh IgG antibody, and infused into the systemic circulation. Blood samples were drawn at specific time intervals over a 2-h period and the radioactivity in each sample was used to develop computer-generated clearance curves from which half-lives (T1/2) were derived. Each study was carried out in the same individual on two separate occasions at least two weeks apart, once when sober and again one hour after ingestion of an intoxicating amount of alcohol (1 gm/kg over 1 h). Eleven of 14 participants showed no appreciable change in RES clearance capacity following alcohol ingestion. In the remaining three individuals alcohol prolonged the T1/2 by 38%, 38%, and 74% from when sober. These individuals were similar to other participants in terms of age, blood alcohol levels, pre- and postalcohol liver biochemistry, and hematologic and immunologic findings. Two of the three were HLA Dr5 positive, as compared to none of the 11 with unimpaired clearances. The results of this study suggest that perhaps a small subset of the population exists in whom acute alcohol intoxication impairs Fc-receptor-mediated RES clearance of IgG-tagged erythrocytes from the systemic circulation. This depression of RES function could contribute to the increased frequency and severity of bacterial infections reported in some alcoholics.
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PMID:The effect of acute alcohol ingestion on Fc-receptor-mediated clearance of IgG-tagged erythrocytes by the reticuloendothelial system in humans. 850 85


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