Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many psychiatric problems present themselves under the guise of physical rather than mental symptoms. THESE OCCUR IN SEVERAL CATEGORIES: (1) Psychological problems which work in conjunction with definitive organic pathology, such as the fear of death. (2) Symptoms produced by altered physiology or biochemistry resultant from an acute orchronic stress state. (3) A combination of A and B above. (4) Patients with an intense disease, such as hypochondriasis. (5) Psychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety or apathy which develop antecedent or subsequent to a fearfully anticipated illness or procedure. These patients have certain characteristics in common. (1) They manifest a disproportionate concern over symptoms. (2) The symptoms are inconsistent with the usual pattern of organic disease. (3) The onset is concurrent with states of conflict. (4) There is usually a personal and family history of psychic and psychosomatic disorders. (5) Other psychiatric disorders are usually present. (6) Secondary gain is usually evident. These patients can be successfully treated within the hospital setting and within the framework of psychiatric consultation and psychotherapy.
 ...
PMID:The psychosomatic emergency. 597 83

The complex interrelationships among tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) effects, depression, and dementia in elderly patients are reviewed. Although results are mixed, some studies have shown TCA efficacy in elderly patients with organic disorders and associated depressive symptoms, such as forced weeping in pseudobulbar states. Available data, although not clear-cut, indicate that memory deficits or overt confusional states directly attributable to TCAs are relatively rare in patients without preexisting organicity. Studies in normal nonelderly subjects suggest an interaction wherein cognitive improvement due to relief of depression competes at higher doses with drug-induced memory impairment. In older depressed patients, significant relationships have not been found between degree of response to TCA and either baseline cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment during drug trials. Results from an ongoing study comparing imipramine and trimipramine in older depressives suggest that clinical improvement outweighs the anticholinergic effect, resulting in improved memory function.
 ...
PMID:Tricyclic use in the cognitively impaired elderly. 635 72

Anorexia nervosa is a disease of increasing frequency with serious medical and psychological consequences. The presentation is one of significant weight loss. The initial assessment of such a patient must differentiate between an underlying systemic medical illness and an eating disorder. This paper will review the more common medical conditions causing weight loss and their distinguishing characteristics, including malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, infections and metabolic disorders. Once an organic disease is ruled out, anorexia nervosa must then be differentiated from other eating disorders such as bulimia or other psychological diseases such as depression, schizophrenia, drug abuse, conduct disorders, and anxiety reactions. The pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa includes complex societal, family, and individual factors which require evaluation in the treatment process.
 ...
PMID:Differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. 659 95

Two different psychological tests were applied to 40 patients affected by reversible cerebral ischemic attacks in order to evaluate the presence of depression or neurotic symptoms. 40 normal volunteers were used as a control group. While no statistical differences emerged in the mean values of the control tests, significant psychological impairments were observed in the group of patients. Such psychological disturbances were marked in the series with minor neurological deficits. Similar reactions were noted in subjects still employed and in patients submitted to carotid surgery. The authors emphasize the importance of psychological reactions following organic disease for a better therapy in reversible cerebrovascular disorders.
 ...
PMID:[Reversible cerebral ischemia: psychological reactions to the disease]. 667 80

What is the evolution of hysteria, now that the spectacular crises of previous times tend to occur less frequently? Are hysterical manifestations disappearing or do they take other forms? This question raises semantic and phenomenological problems concerning hysteria. A review of the literature shows the complexity and precariousness of some definitions, the question raised by associated organic disorders and the compounding influences of other nosological entities, such as depression and psychosomatic disorders. Clinical histories from the records of a psychiatric hospital for the period 1910-1929 were compared with those for the period 1970-1980. The results of the study were surprising with respect to the similarity of epidemiological profiles. If it can be concluded that hysterical manifestations are not disappearing, then the study confirms the evolution of symptomatology which, especially in women, takes atypical forms of depressive, neurovegetative or psychosomatic disorders. In males, hysterical symptoms are of a more acute nature and frequently occur in dependent, immature or infantile personalities, whilst in the past they were more chronic and frequently associated with more serious personality disorders.
 ...
PMID:[Hysteria: problems of definition and evolution of the symptomatology]. 671 90

After organic disease had been excluded as far as possible by clinical examination, including laboratory tests, analysis of faeces, and X-ray examination or endoscopy of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, 61 patients were given either 50 mg trimipramine at bedtime or identically looking coded placebo in a prospective study for 4 weeks. The complaints were graded on an analogue scale by both the patients and the physicians. The results showed that the complaint scores were significantly reduced to about half in the placebo group. In the group treated with trimipramine a significantly greater reduction was found for the scores of vomiting, sleeplessness, depression, and for the mucus content of stools. The scores for tiredness during treatment had decreased less in the group receiving trimipramine than in the one receiving placebo. These improvements occurred already during the first week of treatment. No adverse side effect was recorded.
 ...
PMID:The effect of trimipramine in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind study. 676 Mar 79

1 There have been few controlled prospective investigations into the prevention of suicidal behaviour and by and large they have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of social work, psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment. 2 A group of 58 high-risk patients with multiple episodes of suicidal behaviour was treated with mianserin 30 mg at night or placebo in a six month double-blind trial of the efficacy of an antidepressant in reducing suicidal behaviour. 3 Patients were screened for depression, schizophrenia and organic disease. Patients were diagnosed as suffering from personality disorders according to DSM-III criteria mainly borderline or histrionic. 4 There was no significant difference in outcome between the mianserin and placebo treated group at any point in the six month study. 5 An item analysis of the MADRS showed that at entry the item 'reduced appetite' predicted subsequent suicidal attempt. The total MADRS score did not predict further suicidal acts at entry but was highly significant at four weeks. At four weeks the items 'reduced sleep' and 'reduced appetite' were highly significant predictors of further suicidal acts and the items 'lassitude', 'suicidal thoughts', 'inability to feel' and 'pessimistic thoughts' were significant predictors.
 ...
PMID:The prevention of recurrent suicidal acts. 682 53

A wide variety of physical diseases masquerade as psychiatric disorders. Clinicians may be distracted by a patient's chief complaint of anxiety, depression, or personality change and fail to pursue the possibility of organic disease. The author provides a brief review of physical diseases that produce psychiatric symptoms. He stresses the danger of misdiagnosis and urges clinicians to remain alert to etiological clues during examination, especially when treating patients who have a history of depression, neurotic reactions, or psychosis.
 ...
PMID:A brief review of organic diseases masquerading as functional illness. 684 Jul 21

In a consecutive study of 101 patients with IBS and at least one year of complaints, the presence of somatic and mental symptoms were measured. By definition all patients had abdominal pain and/or disturbed bowel function in the absence of organic disease. The most prominent symptom of indigestion was abdominal distension. Many patients also had complaints of food intolerance and avoided bulk forming agents such as fruits and vegetables. Symptoms associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract such as burning sensations in the epigastrium nausea and acid regurgitation were seen in a majority of the patients. Mental symptoms were seen in almost all patients. A majority had complaints of inner tension, worrying over trifles, autonomic disturbances and muscular tension. Symptoms referred to the neurasthenic syndrome were also frequently seen, such as fatiguability and irritable and hostile feelings. Common depression symptoms were sadness and feelings of helplessness. Other mental symptoms of importance were phobias, sleep disturbances, reduced sexual interest, loss of appetite and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our conclusion is that patients with IBS frequently have upper gastrointestinal and mental symptoms which should be taken into account searching for more rational methods of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. 696 23

There exist between depressions and organic disorders both structural and fortuitous relationships. Psychiatrists must know the former and non-psychiatrists must be suspicious of the latter. It is to be noticed that serious and mainly deadly diseases bring about the cure of current depressions and prevent, even in the case of patients showing a predisposition to them, the development of depressions that would still seem to be justified. Non-psychiatrists will often adopt, as regards depression, two opposite attitudes whose consequences may be serious: whether they unduly take the psychiatric approach to treat the organic ailments, or whether they ignore or deny the depressive fact and the therapeutic necessities. This communication will indicate precise cases when this double misunderstanding had had, or might have had tragic consequences.
 ...
PMID:[Organic illness and depressions (author's transl)]. 731 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>